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Biomedical subjects

L Miller

Publications and source records attributed to L Miller.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Self-esteem and depression: ten year follow-up of mothers and offspring.

OBJECTIVE: The association between maternal bonding style, offspring low self-esteem and offspring depression status was assessed by maternal depression status. SUBJECTS: Sixty mothers and 137 offspring were independently assessed over the course of a ten year follow-up study. METHOD: Assessments included the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS-LA), Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Aged Children (K-SADS), the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI) and the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI). RESULTS: Among daughters of mothers with a history of depression, maternal affectionless-control was associated with daughter low self-esteem which was associated with daughter depression at ten year follow-up. Among daughters of mothers without a history of depression, maternal affectionless-control was not associated with daughter low self-esteem, which was not associated with daughter depression at ten year follow-up but which was associated with a history of childhood depression. None of these associations were found to be significant among sons. LIMITATIONS: As self-esteem was not measured at ten year follow-up, among offspring the stability of self-esteem could not be assessed, nor could the association between adult self-esteem and adult depression. CONCLUSION: Clinical presentation of low self-esteem in girls should be assessed in the context of maternal depression status.

Adolescent↗
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The 1226G (N370S) Gaucher mutation among patients with Legg-Calve-Perthes disease.

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD) is an avascular necrosis of the femoral head with an annual incidence of 5-15/100,000. The estimated incidence of Gaucher disease, a lysosomal recessive storage disease, is 1:850, with a carrier rate of 1:17.5 for the 1226G (N370S) mutation among Ashkenazi Jews in whom there is a predilection. Since clinical and radiological findings of avascular hip necrosis due to either Gaucher disease or LCPD may be indistinguishable, misdiagnosis may occur. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of 1226G Gaucher mutation in a cohort of radiologically confirmed LCPD patients (diagnosed 1986-2000) in Israel. Enzyme assay was performed for confirmation of affected versus carrier status in patients with the 1226G mutation. In all, 78 LCPD patients, 86% males, 51% with severe bone disease, were studied. Family history was negative for Gaucher disease. Ethnic origin was 39% Ashkenazi Jewish, 6% Arab, and 55% other ethnicities. One Ashkenazi Jewish LCPD patient was homozygous for the 1226G mutation, and 4 LCPD patients were carriers: 3 Ashkenazi Jewish and 1 Arab patient. The frequency of the 1226G mutation among the LCPD patients was increased relative to historical Ashkenazi Jewish Israeli controls (P = 0.01). Since Gaucher disease may be misdiagnosed as LCPD, glucocerebrosidase enzyme testing is recommended among Ashkenazi Jewish children diagnosed with LCPD.

Clinical Enzyme Tests↗
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Strategic pooling of compounds for high-throughput screening.

Bringing new medicines to the market depends on the rapid discovery of new and effective drugs, often initiated through the biological testing of many thousands of compounds in high-throughput screening (HTS). Mixing compounds together into pools for screening is one way to accelerate this process and reduce costs. This paper contains both theoretical and experimental data which suggest that careful selection of compounds to be pooled together is necessary in order to reduce the risk of reactivity between compounds within the pools.

Chromatography, Liquid↗
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Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and EUS-guided fine needle aspiration for accurate staging of rectal cancer: explanation of tumor staging and a case report.

This article describes the diagnosis, staging, and therapeutic options for rectal cancer and the importance of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) as a relatively new diagnostic modality. A case study is presented from initial diagnosis through surgery to illustrate how EUS and EUS-guided FNA influenced the treatment plan. Discussion focuses on rectal cancer and the importance of early detection through routine screening. The internationally accepted Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) staging classification system for rectal cancer is included, followed by a description of EUS and EUS-guided FNA with regard to accuracy in staging. In conclusion, the various stage-dependent treatment options available for rectal cancer that can be individualized based on the patient's medical problems and preferences are discussed.

Adult↗
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Between and within listener variability in response to CID W-22 presented in noise.

Two studies were conducted wherein college students with normal hearing sensitivity listened to CID W-22 recordings (Technisonics Studios) mixed with white noise. Four-word discrimination scores were obtained from each listener. In one study, a speech-to-noise ratio of approximately +1 dB was used whereas +7 dB was used in the other. Large standard deviations and low correlations indicate that the use of background noise with this clinical word discrimination test is associated with a relatively large amount of response variability and unreliability. These results suggest that the performance score obtained from a single list of CID W-22 presented in noise may not be a reliable indicator of a listener's true discrimination ability and therefore clinical interpretation of a listener's performance should be made with caution.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sildimac: a new delivery system for silver sulfadiazine in the treatment of full-thickness burn injuries.

Wound care is painful for the patient with a burn injury and tedious for the burn unit staff but necessary to remove exudates and debris and to limit infections. In an effort to circumvent daily dressing changes while ensuring optimal wound protection, Sildimac (Marion Laboratories, Kansas City, Mo.), a new drug delivery system for silver sulfadiazine, was developed. When silver sulfadiazine, a topical antimicrobial commonly used for the treatment of burns, is incorporated into the delivery system, the drug is released in a sustained fashion. We report here the results of a multicenter evaluation of the safety and efficiency of Sildimac for treatment of full-thickness burn wounds. Sildimac, when left in place for up to 4 days, appears to be as effective as twice-daily wound cleansing and application of Silvadene cream 1% (Marion Laboratories, Kansas City, Mo.) for the treatment of full-thickness burns.

Acrylates↗
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The hazards of oral sex.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
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Quantification of interventions and outcomes in an outpatient telemanagement and care management congestive heart failure program.

The congestive heart failure continuum was developed in collaboration with the medical management committee of our hospital in response to a need to decrease readmissions for this chronic and progressive disease. This is accomplished via a multidisciplinary team that provides education and long-term telemanagement, as well as care management to assist these patients in maintaining an optimum level of functioning and the ability to remain in their homes for as long as possible. Since October 1996 there have been 375 patients referred with a decrease in the 31-day readmission rate from 21% to an average of 5%. Costs are presently $55.00 per month per patient. Evaluation of the congestive heart failure phone management tool revealed a strong 77% positive correlation between the patient's score and the number of interventions needed to stabilize the patient. Care management visits, when necessary, help reduce the need for hospitalization. (c)2000 by CHF, Inc.

Journal Article↗
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The journey of malaria sporozoites in the mosquito salivary gland.

The life cycle of malaria parasites in the mosquito vector is completed when the sporozoites infect the salivary gland and are ready to be injected into the vertebrate host. This paper describes the fine structure of the invasive process of mosquito salivary glands by malaria parasites. Plasmodium gallinaceum sporozoites start the invasion process by attaching to and crossing the basal lamina and then penetrating the host plasma membrane of the salivary cells. The penetration process appears to involve the formation of membrane junctions. Once inside the host cells, the sporozoites are seen within vacuoles attached by their anterior end to the vacuolar membrane. Mitochondria surround, and are closely associated with, the invading sporozoites. After the disruption of the membrane vacuole, the parasites traverse the cytoplasm, attach to, and invade the secretory cavity through the apical plasma membrane of the cells. Inside the secretory cavity, sporozoites are seen again inside vacuoles. Upon escaping from these vacuoles, sporozoites are positioned in parallel arrays forming large bundles attached by multilammelar membrane junctions. Several sporozoites are seen around and inside the secretory duct. Except for the penetration of the chitinous salivary duct, our observations have morphologically characterized the entire process of sporozoite passage through the salivary gland.

Aedes↗
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Mechanoreception at the cellular level: the detection, interpretation, and diversity of responses to mechanical signals.

Cells from diverse tissues detect mechanical load signals by similar mechanisms but respond differently. The diversity of responses reflects the genotype of the cell and the mechanical demands of the resident tissue. We hypothesize that cells maintain a basal equilibrium stress state that is a function of the number and quality of focal adhesions, the polymerization state of the cytoskeleton, and the amount of extrinsic, applied mechanical deformation. A load stimulus detected by a mechano-electrochemical sensory system, including mechanically sensitive ion channels, integrin-cytoskeleton machinery, and (or) a load-conformation sensitive receptor or nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, may activate G proteins, induce second messengers, and activate an RPTK or JAK/STAT kinase cascade to elicit a response. We propose the terms autobaric to describe a self-loading process, whereby a cell increases its stress state by contracting and applying a mechanical load to itself, and parabaric, whereby a cell applies a load to an adjacent cell by direct contact or through the matrix. We predict that the setpoint for maintaining this basal stress state is affected by continuity of incoming mechanical signals as deformations that activate signalling pathways. A displacement of the cytoskeletal machinery may result in a conformational change in a kinase that results in autophosphorylation and cascade initiation. pp60Src is such a kinase and is part of a mechanosensory protein complex linking integrins with the cytoskeleton. Cyclic mechanical load induces rapid Src phosphorylation. Regulation of the extent of kinase activation in the pathway(s) may be controlled by modulators such as G proteins, kinase phosphorylation and activation, and kinase inhibitors or phosphatases. Intervention at the point of ras-raf interaction may be particularly important as a restriction point.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
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Retrieval, automaticity, vocabulary elaboration, orthography (RAVE-O): a comprehensive, fluency-based reading intervention program.

The most important implication of the double-deficit hypothesis (Wolf & Bowers, in this issue) concerns a new emphasis on fluency and automaticity in intervention for children with developmental reading disabilities. The RAVE-O (Retrieval, Automaticity, Vocabulary Elaboration, Orthography) program is an experimental, fluency-based approach to reading intervention that is designed to accompany a phonological analysis program. In an effort to address multiple possible sources of dysfluency in readers with disabilities, the program involves comprehensive emphases both on fluency in word attack, word identification, and comprehension and on automaticity in underlying componential processes (e.g., phonological, orthographic, semantic, and lexical retrieval skills). The goals, theoretical principles, and applied activities of the RAVE-O curriculum are described with particular stress on facilitating the development of rapid orthographic pattern recognition and on changing children's attitudes toward language.

Automation↗
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Is alexithymia a disconnection syndrome? A neuropsychological perspective.

Efforts to relate the syndrome of alexithymia to cerebral dysfunction have generally taken the form of comparing the literal, concretistic, nonimaginative and affect-impoverished cognitive and communicative style of alexithymic patients to similar types of behavior seen in individuals with right-hemisphere damage or commissural disconnection. It is argued that the formulation of a neuropsychological typology of psychiatric syndromes like alexithymia has much heuristic merit as long as appropriate theoretical and methodological caution is exercised in drawing inferences about patterns of cerebral organization in nonneurological populations.

Affective Symptoms↗
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Multifocal neurological impairment caused by infection-induced rise in blood lithium and amitriptyline.

We present the case of a thirty-eight-year-old woman who developed a febrile illness which was associated with a rise of blood lithium and amitriptyline, and subsequently suffered permanent neurological impairment, implicating CNS dysfunction at several levels. Medical, laboratory, radiological and neuropsychological findings are described, and the attribution of the syndrome is discussed. It is crucial to emphasize that the authors are not challenging the frequently useful combination of lithium and antidepressants. Rather, we urge psychiatrists to be vigilant when such patients develop febrile illnesses.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Climatic and environmental patterns associated with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, Four Corners region, United States.

To investigate climatic, spatial, temporal, and environmental patterns associated with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) cases in the Four Corners region, we collected exposure site data for HPS cases that occurred in 1993 to 1995. Cases clustered seasonally and temporally by biome type and geographic location, and exposure sites were most often found in pinyon-juniper woodlands, grasslands, and Great Basin desert scrub lands, at elevations of 1,800 m to 2,500 m. Environmental factors (e.g., the dramatic increase in precipitation associated with the 1992 to 1993 El Niño) may indirectly increase the risk for Sin Nombre virus exposure and therefore may be of value in designing disease prevention campaigns.

Animals↗