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Biomedical subjects

L Miller

Publications and source records attributed to L Miller.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Metastatic behavior of an adriamycin-resistant murine tumor.

The metastatic behavior of a murine fibrosarcoma (UV-2237M-ADMR) resistant to Adriamycin (ADM) (doxorubicin) was investigated. Subclones isolated from the UV-2237M-ADMR line, which originated from a single colony, generally displayed a similar degree of resistance to ADM (eight out of nine clones did not differ from this UV-2237M-ADMR line). In contrast, they differed significantly in their capacity to form lung colonies after i.v. injection (six of nine clones differed significantly from the UV-2237M-ADMR line, p less than or equal to 0.005, Mann-Whitney U test). The UV-2237M-ADMR cell line maintained resistance to ADM even after 17 weeks of growth in syngeneic mice, although a gradual decrease in resistance was observed over this time. Spontaneous metastases from the UV-2237M-ADMR tumor commonly retained resistance to ADM. Of 18 cell lines, each established from an individual lung nodule, 16 showed plating efficiencies in the presence of ADM comparable to that of the primary UV-2237M-ADMR tumor. The remaining two lines had partially reverted to the sensitive state. The i.v. administration of ADM significantly reduced the lung tumor burden of mice with ADM-sensitive UV-2237M tumors but failed to affect the lung tumor burden of mice with UV-2237M-ADMR tumors. The UV-2237M-ADMR tumor line, exhibiting as it does both drug-resistant and metastatic behavior, provides a useful model system with which to investigate the metastatic process and the development of drug resistance.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Parallel changes in protein synthesis and messenger RNA content in growing and resting epithelial cells of Xenopus laevis.

The regulation of cell growth can be achieved at many levels but ultimately the regulatory factors must alter protein synthesis since growing cells always exhibit an increased rate of protein synthesis compared to resting cells. Some studies using growing and nongrowing mammalian cells have shown that the rate of protein synthesis is directly dependent on mRNA content. Other studies have shown that growing the resting cells have similar amounts of mRNA and that protein synthesis is regulated by the proportion of mRNA in polysomes. We have analyzed mRNA content in growing and resting epithelial cells of Xenopus laevis. Quantitation of poly(A)+ mRNA by uniform labeling with 3H-uridine and by 3H-poly(U) hybridization demonstrated a direct relationship between mRNA content and the relative rate of protein synthesis in growing and resting cells. Likewise, after serum stimulation of resting cells the increase in mRNA content closely paralleled the increase in protein synthesis. Our results suggest that control of protein synthesis in growing and nongrowing cells is exerted before the translational level.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Marijuana and memory for feelings.

1. This experiment tested the hypothesis that marijuana intoxication results in an impaired memory for feeling states. 2. Marijuana intoxication during memory testing--that is, after the subjects had observed and recorded their feelings, decreased accuracy of memory for feelings of fatigue, as measured by the Profile on Mood States (POMS). 3. Marijuana given prior to the period of self-observation, impaired accuracy of memory for feelings as measured by several POMS scales.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗
PubMed1982

Effect of transfused reticulocytes on iron exchange.

A animal model was developed whereby reticulocyte-rich blood was introduced into normal rats by exchange transfusion. Measurements of plasma iron turnover was made at similar plasma iron concentrations before and after exchange transfusions. High reticulocyte blood obtained from animals rendered iron deficient by diet or by treatment with phenylhydrazine resulted in a mean increase of 86% in internal iron exchange, while the plasma iron turnover was unaffected by exchange with normal red cells. Since iron input from reticuloendothelial cells could have increased due to breakdown of transfused cells, iron absorption was also measured. Within 1 hr and for a least 6 hr after exchange with high reticulocyte blood, mean absorption in six groups of animals was increased over control animals by 50%-130%. The increased plasma iron turnover and absorption was not mediated by a decrease in plasma iron or an increase in unsaturated iron-binding capacity. Indeed, a higher plasma iron and transferrin saturation augmented the movement of iron into the plasma from iron-donating tissues. It is proposed that the donation of iron by transferrin in some way immediately facilitates the procurement of more iron by transferrin.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Lumpectomy and irradiation in the treatment of early carcinoma of the breast.

In the past two decades, the increasing ability of radiation to control local tumors in many organs, including the breast, has been well documented. In the past five years, the use of chemotherapy has also assumed a major role in treating micrometastases in breast cancer in selected premenopausal and postmenopausal patients. These two developments have forced a reappraisal of local modalities in the treatment of breast cancer. Even before the advent of chemotherapy it was known that mastectomy alone was not successful in providing local control and thus adjunctive irradiation when axillae were histologically positive has been used to substantially reduce local recurrence rate. Studies now show that excisional biopsy followed by definitive irradiation accomplishes essentially the same local control, stage by stage, as mastectomy with adjunctive radiation therapy in selected cases. Also, similar five- and ten-year survival rates have been obtained in all recent series. Irradiation appears to be at least comparable with mastectomy for control of cancer of the breast, but with better functional and cosmetic results.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1981

The molecular structure and stability of the eye lens: x-ray analysis of gamma-crystallin II.

The three-dimensional structure of the eye lens protein, bovine gamma-crystallin II, has been determined at 2.6 A resolution. The protein has a tow domain beta-structure, folded into four remarkably similar 'Greed key' motifs, and shows the highest internal symmetry of any protein studied by X-ray analysis. Although the symmetrical structure seems very stable, the arrangement of the sulphydryl groups would allow intramolecular cross-linking leading to possible destabilization, and intermolecular cross-linking leading to aggregation, both of which may be important to cataract formation.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1981

A comparison of three liquid-ventilation cooling garments during treadmill exercise.

Tests were performed on five male subjects to compare the heat transfer performance and physiological effects of three different cooling garments when used under a sealed, impermeable garment which simulated a space suit. The mean exercise metabolic rate while walking at 0.9 m/s (2 mph) was 464 +/- 33 W. An equilibrium condition was never reached during the uncooled suited control runs and the subjects lost a mean of 1.12 +/- 0.15 kg (2.5 +/- 0.3 lb)--approximately 2% of body weight--during exercise. The mean weight loss was 0.35 +/- 0.10 kg (0.8 +/- 0.2 lb) with an Apollo-type garment; 0.26 +/- 0.11 kg (0.57 +/- 0.24 lb) with the full-body cooling patch (garment 2); and 0.52 +/- 0.12 kg (1.15 +/- 0.26 lb) with the partial-coverage cooling patch (garment 3). Impedance plethysmography data showed an increase in leg blood flow when the working muscles were not cooled by liquid flow (garment 3), and the arm blood flow remained unchanged whether or not there was liquid cooling to the arms.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Sore throat.

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Acute Disease↗