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Biomedical subjects

L Miller

Publications and source records attributed to L Miller.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

A controlled study of a 'new' ventilating tube. The gold standard?

A prospective controlled study of a gold ventilation tube was undertaken in which a gold tube was inserted in one ear of 88 children and a Paparella silicone tube was inserted in the contralateral ear as a control. The tubes were evaluated with respect to length of time of intubation, episodes of otorrhea and early occlusion. Sixty-three patients were available for a follow-up of at least 6 months. The gold tube remained in place for a shorter period of time when compared to the control tube. Episodes of otorrhea were infrequent and there was not any significant difference between the two types of tubes. The gold tube became occluded more frequently than the control tube. Since the gold tube is approximately 3 times more expensive and has no proven advantages over our conventional silicone tube, we have no reason to recommend its use in preference to any other available tube.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Patterns of nonverbal behavior among adolescents responding to a formal reasoning task.

This study investigated nonverbal behavior patterns of 11 adolescents who responded to the Inhelder-Piaget (1958) balance task, which provides an assessment of proportional reasoning and was the first study of how students behave while being assessed for formal reasoning ability. Interdependency among the precisely defined categories of behavior was found, even when the categories were collapsed on a conceptual basis. Consequences of this categorical interdependency were discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

The contribution of intrinsic activity to the action of opioids in vitro.

The effects of opioids were compared in five field-stimulated isolated tissue models, the guinea-pig ileum and vasa deferentia from rat, rabbit and mice of the Alderley Park and C57BL/6 strains. Although the mu-receptor agonist [D-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly-ol5] enkephalin appeared to act at similar receptors in the guinea-pig ileum, rat vas deferens, mouse vas deferens and C57BL/6 mouse vas deferens preparations, its potency varied considerably between these preparations. Similar potency differences were also observed with the kappa-agonist, ethylketocyclazocine. It is proposed that these variations in potency reflect differences in the number of spare receptors present in each model. The finding that some drugs which have agonist activity in the more sensitive preparations behave as antagonists in the less sensitive tissues supports this proposal and highlights the importance of intrinsic activity in determining the action of opioids. Many of the prototypic opioid agonists were found to be either partial agonists (eg. morphine and bremazocine) or to possess affinity for more than one receptor type (eg. ethylketocyclazocine, Mr 2034).

Animals↗
PubMed1986

New delta-receptor antagonists.

A new delta-selective opiate antagonist has been synthesised in which the two glycine residues of diallyl leucine enkephalin have been replaced by 4-aminobenzoic acid. The compound has a different conformation to that of ICI 174,864 (N,N-diallyl-Tyr-Aib-Aib-Phe-Leu).

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Double-blind comparison of doxepin versus bupropion in outpatients with a major depressive disorder.

A double-blind controlled study comparing the effects of bupropion to doxepin in outpatients with primary depression was conducted to evaluate efficacy and safety differences between the two drugs. Following a 7-day placebo washout period, patients could be treated for up to 13 weeks on either treatment. Antidepressant response was assessed by the Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Scales, Clinical Global Severity and Improvement Ratings, and the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale. Comparable efficacy between the compounds was found across the 13-week study. Doxepin differed from bupropion mainly on the sleep factor of the Hamilton Depression Scale, with doxepin improving sleep to a greater extent than bupropion. Doxepin produced a greater incidence of anticholinergic side effects, including dry mouth, constipation, sleepiness, and tiredness, in comparison to bupropion. Also, increased appetite and weight gain were consistent side effects of doxepin relative to bupropion.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Dimeric opioid antagonists.

Symmetrical and unsymmetrical dimeric pentapeptide opioid antagonists have been prepared and studied on the mouse vas deferens preparation. The findings do not support the hypothesis that such agents bind to dimeric delta-opioid receptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Use of a monoclonal anti-estrogen receptor antibody in the immunohistochemical evaluation of human tumors.

A monoclonal antibody to human estrogen receptor protein (H222 Sp gamma), amplified via immunoperoxidase techniques, was used in the analysis of estrogen receptor in 452 breast carcinomas, 100 endometrial carcinomas, and 15 melanomas. Immunohistochemical evaluation incorporated both intensity and distribution of staining (HSCORE). Quantitative estrogen receptor content was determined by dextran-coated charcoal analysis and sucrose density gradient analysis. In all cases H222 Sp gamma localized in the nucleus of target cells. A semiquantitative correlation existed between HSCORE and biochemical assays for breast and endometrial tissues. The sensitivities and specificities for HSCORE as compared to the biochemical assays ranged from 80 to 95% and from 74 to 94%, respectively. HSCORE correlated with tumor grade for breast and endometrial carcinoma. Immunohistochemical evaluation showed no specific staining in melanomas. The data suggest that immunohistochemical receptor localization provides information complementary to standard biochemical assays in the tissues studied.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1985

The use of unproven remedies for rheumatoid arthritis in Australia.

It is important for a medical practitioner to be aware of his or her patient's use of non-prescribed, unproven remedies. This is especially so in a chronic relapsing disease of unknown cause such as rheumatoid arthritis. We selected 90 consecutive patients with classic or definite rheumatoid arthritis who attended the rheumatology clinic of a teaching hospital in 1982. The patients were asked about their previous or current use of an unproven remedy; 82% had used more than one unproven remedy since the diagnosis was made and 52% were currently using an unproven remedy. In all, 352 separate unproven remedies were used, with a mean of 4 +/- 0.3 remedies per patient. Avoidance of a particular food substance or use of a copper bracelet were the most common of such remedies. Fourteen per cent of remedies were deemed to be useful and 3% were felt to have resulted in an adverse effect.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Conversion of dynorphin-(1-9) to [Leu5]enkephalin by the mouse vas deferens in vitro.

The inhibitory action of dynorphin-(1-9) on the electrically stimulated mouse vas deferens was seen to be antagonised by the delta-selective opioid antagonist ICI 174864. The observed delta-receptor mediated responses were partially, but not totally, prevented by peptidase inhibitors which protect the C- and N-termini of dynorphin-(1-9). [3H]Dynorphin-(1-9) is rapidly degraded by slices of vasa deferentia of the mouse. The major product of this metabolism co-elutes with [Leu5]enkephalin on reverse phase HPLC. It is concluded that a major component of the inhibitory effects of dynorphin-(1-9) on the mouse vas deferens is mediated by degradation to [Leu5]enkephalin which in turn acts through delta-receptors. It is possible that in other in vitro and in vivo systems, the effects produced by dynorphin-(1-9) might be similarly mediated by delta-receptor activation.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The reaction of glutathione with the eye-lens protein gamma-crystallin.

Lens cells contain high concentrations of thiol-rich proteins, gamma-crystallins and reduced glutathione. Solutions of bovine gamma-crystallin react avidly with either reduced or oxidized glutathione to form protein-glutathione mixed disulphides. A method of purification of a gamma-II crystallin-glutathione adduct containing two mixed disulphide groups is described.

Animals↗