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Biomedical subjects

L Merle

Publications and source records attributed to L Merle.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Gentamicin and sisomicin - induced renal tubular damage.

Early signs of aminoglycoside - induced renal tubular damage were detected in 26 patients given gentamicin and 23 given sisomicin. The urinary elimination of 3 low molecular weight proteins (LMWP) - beta 2 microglobulin, retinol binding protein and lysozyme (LZM), and the urinary activity of 2 enzymes - alanine aminopeptidase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase - was measured before, during and after treatment. In gentamicin - treated patients LMWP elimination increased, especially LZM which rose markedly during treatment and returned to normal values after its end. Enzyme activities also rose while gentamicin was being given. Sisomicin produced smaller changes. As neither the mean serum creatinine nor the mean urinary elimination of transferrin were increased, glomerular function was probably not affected. However, tubular damage was detected, as shown by the LMWP output (especially LZM) and increased enzyme activity. Urinary LMWP and enzyme measurements are presented as sensitive and reliable methods to monitor early aminoglycoside - induced tubular impairment. It is suggested that the different renal toxicities of gentamicin and sisomicin are related to differences in their accumulation in the renal cortex.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1980

[Severe ventricular arrhythmia following parenteral administration of vincamine. Predisposing factors in 6 cases].

Six patients developed ventricular arrhythmias with parenteral administration of vincamine. Direct intravenous injection was the mode of administration in 2 cases, intravenous infusion in 3 cases (one at very high dosage) and intramuscular injection in 1 case. The same signs of toxicity were observed in al patients:--5 patients had recorded attacks of "torsades de pointe", which recurred in 1 of them when the drug was restarted.--1 patient had syncope and, although an ECG was not recorded at the time, an ECG shortly afterwards showed a long QT interval and R/T ventricular extrasystoles. Symptoms were generally neurological in nature with syncope, cyanosis, and convulsions. Spontaneous regression was observed in 3 cases but in the others the drug had to be stopped and cardiopulmonary resuscitation instituted. None of our patients died of their arrhythmia. In some patients a predisposing factor was found:--metabolic: hypokalaemia (1 case), moderate reduction of potassium pool (1 case), severe reduction of calcium pool (1 case);--pharmacological: previous treatment with fenoxidil (1 case), thioridazine (1 case);--cardiac: congenital long QT interval (Romano-Ward) (1 case), revealed by vincamine administration. Chronic obstructive airways disease with right ventricular strain and atrial fibrillation (1 case) which might have predisposed the patient to "torsades de pointes". Three patients had no predisposing factors apart from their age. "Torsades de pointes" occurred in a pacemaker patient, but pacemaker function was normal. These six cases may be grouped with the other ten or so cases of vincamine toxicity already reported; they carry and additional warning on the use of intramuscular vincamine. Vincamine toxicity is probably a direct effect on the myocardial cells. This fact merits verification by further electrophysiological studies.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Low molecular weight proteins as urinary markers of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity in man.

The proteinuria of fifteen patients treated with just aminoglycoside or aminoglycoside and either penicillin or cephalosporin was studied. The proteinuria was analysed by means of immunoelectrophoresis, acetate cellulose electrophoresis, thin-layer polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and sodium dodecylsulphate acrylamide gel electrophoresis. We observed a urinary excretion of free immunoglobulin light chains and an increased urinary excretion of lysozyme in all cases. The increase in urinary excretion of beta-2-microglobulin and retinol-binding-protein appeared only in patients treated with aminoglycoside and cephalosporin. These disturbances disappeared a few days after the treatment was discontinued.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1978

Influence of phenylbutazone on bile flow in the rat.

Phenylbutazone, a well-known enzyme inducer, at a dose of 80 mg . kg-1 once daily for 8 days increases liver weight and bile flow expressed per g of liver (p less than 0.01). The bile salt secretory rate is not increased.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Problems raised by the use of tetracyclines in the first years of life].

Tetracyclines administered during the first years of life may produce serious unwanted side-effects, such as intracranial hypertension and, chiefly, abnormalities of the teeth and bones. The tetracyclines have a special affinity for certain metal cations, notably calcium, with which they form relatively stable complexes. When given to children or pregnant women they stain the deciduous and permanent teeth a lasting yellowish-brown or give rise to dental abnormalities; they may also slow down skeletal growth. For these reasons tetracyclines should not be prescribed to children and pregnant women unless absolutely necessary, and other classes of antibiotics should be preferred whenever possible.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A screening procedure for the determination of 13 oral anticoagulants and rodenticides.

A technique for the simultaneous identification and quantitation of 13 hydroxycoumarin and indandione anticoagulant drugs and rodenticides from human serum by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with diode-array detection has been developed. High-performance liquid chromatography was performed using gradient elution with an acetonitrile and phosphate buffer on a Nucleosil ODS column. Ultraviolet spectra from 200 to 400 nm were recorded on-line during the analysis and compared with spectra stored in a library. For the spiked 2 mL of serum, acidic and alkaline liquid-liquid double extraction with diethylether-ether acetate (50:50, v/v) was conducted, and recoveries greater than 60% for most compounds were found. The detection limit was approximately 25 or 50 ng/mL for all components except for difethialone and fluindione, for which it was approximately 100 ng/mL. The standard calibration curves were linear from the detection limit to 5000 ng/mL. The within-run precision coefficient of variation (CV) was less than 10%, and the between-run precision CV was less than 20%.

Administration, Oral↗