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Biomedical subjects

L McIntyre

Publications and source records attributed to L McIntyre.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Epidemiology of severe eye injuries in childhood.

The authors conducted a cross-sectional study of all ocular injury cases admitted to a children's hospital between January 1978 and December 1984. Of 222 injuries reviewed, 77 (35%) resulted in some visual deficit. Males were significantly overrepresented in all age groups with an average male:female ratio of 3.5:1. The distribution of injuries was: contusions, 114 (51%); penetrating lacerations, 62 (28%); foreign bodies and burns, 11 (5%); and nonpenetrating lacerations, 35 (16%). Sixteen (7%) ocular injuries were associated with BB gun pellets and six of these children (42%) were blinded in the injured eye as a result. Two other cases of blindness resulted from ocular penetration by homemade "Jinsang Stars," underscoring the adverse influence of media on children's games. Adult supervision could have potentially prevented most cases of permanent visual deficit. The authors suggest that legislation restricting the use of BB guns be passed and that a program of adult and child eye safety education including "eye watch" warnings on potentially hazardous toys be developed.

Blindness↗
PubMed1987

Evaluation of the demented patient.

An adequate history from the patient and a family member, an examination for signs and symptoms suggestive of contributing organic disease, plus an individualized diagnostic battery of laboratory tests are sufficient workup for most patients presenting with the dementia syndrome. Electroencephalography, computerized axial tomographic scanning, or psychometric testing are not usually required. The results of eight studies investigating demented individuals are reviewed. Across these studies, 56 percent of cases were attributable to primary dementia, 15 percent were secondary to reversible causes, 13 percent were secondary to irreversible conditions, and 15 percent of individuals had been wrongly labeled demented. Of reversible dementias including depression, 56 percent of patients improved with therapy. Metabolic disorders were associated with about 25 percent of reversible dementias and accounted for less than 5 percent of all patients investigated for the dementia syndrome.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Prevalence of hypertension, obesity and smoking in three Indian communities in northwestern Ontario.

Hypertension is perceived to be an important problem among native people in Canada, but specific prevalence data have not been accumulated. A study was carried out to determine community levels of blood pressure and to document the prevalence of hypertension, obesity and cigarette smoking in nonurban Indians in three communities in northwestern Ontario. Of the 678 people present in the communities at the time of the survey 668 (98.5%) participated. Age- and sex-specific mean diastolic and systolic blood pressure readings are presented. The overall prevalence rate of hypertension was 13%; in 9.6% of those with hypertension the condition had previously been diagnosed. Blood pressure generally rose with increasing age, but diastolic pressure declined after age 50 in both sexes. The rate of obesity increased with increasing age; 70% of women aged 35 to 64 years and 50% of men aged 35 to 44 years were obese. Over half (56.4%) of the study population smoked, and most smokers were less than 35 years old.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Thought pathology in The Waste Land.

An examination of T.S. Eliot's supreme puzzle poem, The Waste Land reveals complex pathological thought processes and perceptual derangements. Written during a time of deep psychic distress, The Waste Land is a unique illustration of psychopathology in a poetic message.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

Safety and efficacy of diphetarsone in the treatment of amoebiasis, non-pathogenic amoebiasis and trichuriasis.

Eighty-nine patients infected with Entamoeba histolytica, non-pathogenic amoebae or Trichuris trichiura were studied prospectively to determine the safety and efficacy of diphetarsone therapy. An additional 75 patients were studied retrospectively to assess further the efficacy of diphetarsone in the treatment of E. histolytica cyst passers. Side effects were noted in 9% and included gastrointestinal upset, lightheadedness and headache. Transient liver function abnormalities were recorded in 5.6%. diphetarsone was completely effective in the treatment of Dientamoeba fragilis, Entamoeba hartmanni, Iodamoeba buetschlii and Trichuris trichiura. 99% of the patients with E. histolytica, 97% of those with E. coli and 98% of those with Endolimax nana were cured.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus in homosexual males.

Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus was isolated from the stools of two homosexual males. One was asymptomatic at the time of isolation. The other presented with diarrhea. Both isolates were initially grown at 42 degrees C. This organism should be included among the list of organisms that are found in homosexual males.

Campylobacter fetus↗
PubMed1983

Angioedema due to diphetarsone and a review of its toxicity.

Diphetarsone is an arsenical used in the treatment of intestinal amoebiasis and trichuriasis. It is an efficacious drug with minimal toxicity. However, in this report, a heretofore undescribed reaction, that of generalized angioedema, is presented. A review of diphetarsone toxicity is also presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Health advice for aircrew on refugee flights.

In order to assess measures taken by airlines to protect the health of crews on refugee flights, a survey was made of airlines involved in transporting Indochinese refugees from Southeast Asia. Five of the 20 airlines surveyed provided sufficient data for analysis. Combined, the five airlines transported approximately 2,500 refugees on more than 100 flights, involving at least one crew change per flight. Health measures varied considerably among airlines. Immunizations alone sufficed in some cases, whereas others required flight attendants to wear gloves and provided anti-malarials, even for crew which did not enter malarious areas. Where antimalarials were recommended, they were not protective against Southeast Asian strains of P. falciparum malaria. No airline noted an increase in illness among aircrew involved in refugee flights. Disinsection procedures were improperly performed in three airlines; one airline did not disinsect at all. Aircrew were generally overly immunized and, in some cases, overly protected in a setting where the probability of disease transmission was low.

Antimalarials↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Characterization of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptors and in vivo targeting of [3H]-1,25(OH)2D3 in the sheep placenta.

We sought to detect the presence of receptors for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] in placental tissues of five late gestational pregnant sheep and to quantitate their biochemical properties and abundance. Cytosol prepared from cotyledonary tissue was found to contain two [3H]-1,25(OH)2D3 binding macromolecules that sedimented at 3.2 S and 4.1 S, respectively, on linear (4-20 per cent) hypertonic sucrose gradients. The 4.1 S component cosedimented with serum that had been prelabelled with [3H]-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OHD3) and was present in cytosols despite extensive washing of the tissue prior to homogenization. Concurrent incubation of the cytosol with [3H]-1,25(OH)2D3 and a tenfold molar excess of radioinert 25-OHD3 resulted in complete resolution of the 3.2 S macromolecule and disappearance of the 4.1 S binding component. The binding of [3H]-1,25(OH)2D3 to the 3.2 S component was completely abolished by coincubation with a 100-fold molar excess of radioinert 1,25(OH)2D3 and was replaced by a well resolved peak in the 4.1 S region. Scatchard analysis of cytosol binding to [3H]-1,25(OH)2D3 in the presence of a tenfold molar excess of radioinert 25OHD3 revealed a single class of non-interacting saturable binding site in the cotyledon and the endometrium of high affinity and low capacity. The mean +/- s.e. of the dissociation constant of the cotyledonary receptor of 0.21 +/- 0.06 nM was not different from that of 0.16 +/- 0.03 nM for the endometrial receptor. However, the abundance of the cotyledonary receptor was fourfold higher than that in the endometrium (110 +/- 20 versus 28 +/- 7 fmol/mg protein). Since it is not possible to completely separate endometrial tissue from cotyledonary tissue, the low abundance of receptor in endometrial cytosols may merely represent contamination of endometrial tissue with cotyledonary tissue. Further analysis of the [3H]-1,25(OH)2D3 occupied receptor in cotyledonary cytosols showed that it bound to DNA cellulose and was eluted with 0.16 M KCl. This in vitro binding of [3H]-1,25(OH)2D3 to DNA was confirmed in vivo by the finding of preferential nuclear targetting of [3H]-1,25(OH)2D3 (56 per cent of total cellular activity), 4 h after fetal intravenous administration of [3H]-1,25(OH)2D3 to five chronically catheterized fetal sheep. Total placental uptake of [3H]-1,25(OH)2D3 at this time amounted to 3.7 +/- 0.9 per cent of the injected dose. Preliminary analysis of ovine placental cytosols revealed a calcium binding protein of similar molecular weight to that found in the ovine intestine and in the intestine and placenta of rodents.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Maximizing the motivational impact of feedback of lung cancer susceptibility on smokers' desire to quit.

This two-by-two factorially designed study evaluate approaches for communicating feedback of lung cancer susceptibility to smokers as a method for motivating smoking cessation. The study factors were: method of communicating feedback (by mail with telephone follow-up or in-person) and carbon monoxide feedback (yes or no). One-hundred-forty-four smokers were stratified on race and randomized to one of four conditions. Participants were surveyed at baseline and 2-month follow-up. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for the absence of the glutathione S transferase mu (GSTM1) gene was the susceptibility marker. Regardless of counseling method or carbon monoxide (CO) feedback, the majority (90%) of smokers accurately recalled the test result and 66% accurately interpreted the meaning of the test result. Smokers who received their result in person were significantly less likely to have read the result booklet than those in the telephone counseling group (OR = .28, 95%; CI .12-.62; p < .05). Neither counseling method nor CO feedback increased smokers' perceived risks for lung cancer. However, at the counseling session those who received in-person counseling were significantly less frightened by the test result than those who received telephone counseling (OR = .42, 95%; CI .20-86; p < .05) and at the 2-month follow-up those who received a CO test were significantly less frightened by their susceptibility result (OR = .40, 95%; CI .17-.92; p < .05) than those who did not have a CO test. Evaluation of further refinements in communicating the meaning of susceptibility results to motivate smoking cessation is warranted.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nordic ski jumping injuries. A survey of active American jumpers.

Little data are available in the medical literature on nordic ski jumping injuries. Injury questionnaires were sent to all active American ski jumpers registered either with the United States Ski Association or with a jumping club registered with the United States Ski Association. One hundred thirty-three of 286 (46.5%) injury questionnaires were returned. Eighty-one of the 133 respondents (60.9%) had been injured sufficiently to require examination by a physician at least once during their jumping careers. This report describes the types and frequencies of injuries sustained by this group of nordic ski jumpers as well as provides demographic data about American ski jumpers. The risk of injury per 100 participant years was 9.4, a rate less than that reported for most high school or college intermural sports.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Children's feeding programs in Atlantic Canada: reducing or reproducing inequities?

This study analyzed, through case studies of day-to-day observations and interviews with recipients and operators, the operations of nine children's feeding programs in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Newfoundland. We found that children's feeding programs result in the stigmatization of participants and families, despite an ideology of equality. Most programs adopt a family substitution role in the lives of children they serve and function in a way that excludes parental participation. Programs also transmit a hidden curriculum to children that teaches them how to behave and how a 'proper' family functions. We found that the professionalization of food and nutrition, a desire for an expanded client base, and dependency creation through the provision of other material goods, permit programs to exert increasing institutional control over recipients, a process we, following Illich, call the dragnet. While these programs may be meeting some nutritional needs in a few poverty-stricken children, they ultimately reproduce, rather than reduce, inequities.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The sociodemographic predictors of smoking cessation among pregnant women in Canada.

This study examined the sociodemographic predictors of smoking cessation attempts among pregnant women, and compared the characteristics of women who successfully quit smoking during pregnancy with those who relapsed before their child was born. Data, which were derived from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, indicate that 23.7% of Canadian mothers smoked at some point during their pregnancies, of whom only 15.8% attempted to quit. Maternal and paternal education were the strongest predictors of successful cessation, whereas women pregnant with their first child, those who drank during pregnancy, and those who immigrated to Canada were the most likely to relapse. This study represents an important first step in identifying Canadian women at highest risk of sustained smoking during pregnancy, and is useful for the design of effective interventions, tailored to meet their needs.

Adolescent↗