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Biomedical subjects

L McCabe

Publications and source records attributed to L McCabe.

29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Evaluation of a phenylalanine-free product for treatment of phenylketonuria.

Ten children with classic phenylketonuria (PKU) participated in a controlled study of a phenylalanine-free formula recently released in the United States (PKU-2). Control data were obtained in the clinic while the children were receiving their baseline formula. The children were given the study formula and returned to the clinic for follow-up after they had been receiving the new formula for 4, 8, and 12 months. Serum phenylalanine and tyrosine concentrations, other hematologic measurements, urine analysis, growth, electroencephalogram, and physical findings remained similar to baseline values throughout the study. Nutrient intakes were comparable with the exception of a decrease in several micronutrients relative to baseline levels. We found that PKU-2 is appropriate for children with PKU who are over 3 years of age and may prove beneficial for the overweight child with PKU.

Child↗
PubMed1987

Histamine release and circulating cells after antigen inhalation in allergic dogs.

Histamine can be recovered from the blood of ragweed-sensitized dogs after aerosol antigen challenge, although its source is unknown. Neutrophils and eosinophils have been recovered from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) obtained under identical conditions. We investigated the time course of changes in histamine levels in plasma and BALF taken from ragweed-sensitized dogs after aerosol challenge. Changes in the numbers of circulating neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and platelets were also studied. After 3 min, total pulmonary resistance (RL) was maximally increased and systolic blood pressure was maximally decreased. Histamine levels in plasma and BALF were increased and circulating eosinophils and neutrophils were decreased. After 15 min, platelet numbers were reduced. By 90 min, changes in RL, blood pressure, plasma and BALF histamine concentrations, and circulating neutrophils and eosinophils had returned to base-line values, but platelet numbers remained significantly decreased. Sham challenge caused no significant changes in any of these variables. Intravenous administration of histamine in doses large enough to attain plasma levels comparable with those achieved after aerosol antigen challenge resulted in no concomitant rise in BALF histamine levels. We conclude that antigen challenge in sensitized dogs causes increases in BALF and plasma histamine levels and is associated with a reduction in circulating neutrophils, eosinophils, and platelets. It is likely that antigen causes airway mast cells to release mediators that move down a concentration gradient from the airways to the pulmonary circulation.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1986

Issues in the dietary management of phenylketonuria: breast-feeding and trace-metal nutriture.

We have reviewed our experience with supplemental breast-feeding of the infant with PKU. Our results indicate no harmful nutritional effects of breast-feeding the child with PKU, in comparison with the traditional approach using formula or cow's milk for supplementation. In addition, breast-feeding may provide a source of emotional support for the mother during this difficult period of initial diagnosis and management. It is hoped that this may improve the family's adjustment to this chronic illness. Our work with breast-feeding led us to a consideration of trace-metal nutriture in children treated with these synthetic and semi-synthetic formulas. The results of these investigations suggest that there is a biochemically significant decrease in the bioavailability of zinc when these artificial formulas are used. While no clinical trace-metal deficiency has been described in treated PKU patients, we suggest that these nutritional deficits may relate to subtle abnormalities exhibited by these patients.

Biological Availability↗
PubMed1983

Newborn screening for phenylketonuria: predictive validity as a function of age.

Data from questionnaires were assembled for 109 infants with phenylketonuria (PKU) and 114 control infants to assess the predictive validity of newborn screening for PKU as a function of age. Patients with PKU had values of less than 4 mg/dL in cord blood and in samples from days 1, 2, and 4 through 7. The proportion of patients with PKU expected to fall below screening cutoffs of 2, 4, and 6 mg/dL was predicted for each age range. Using a cutoff of 4 mg/dL, approximately one third of patients with PKU would be missed by a sample taken from the neonate in the first 12 hours of life, and nearly 10% would be missed with a sample from the second 12 hours of life. This study shows that not all patients with PKU will be detected by newborn screening, and that the phenomenon of early nursery discharges must be considered in developing appropriate screening strategies.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

Rapid detoxification of the narcotic addict with naloxone hydrochloride. A preliminary report.

Parenteral (0.2--2.0 mg) and oral (500 mg) doses of naloxone hydrochloride were administered to 29 parolees showing evidence of increasing opiate use while participating in an aftercare abstinence program. The naloxone was found to be capable of inducing withdrawal symptoms, the intensity of which being a function of the amount of naloxone administered and of the level of physical dependence. Some patients (38%) showed a "detoxification effect" characterized by a positive abstinence reaction to initial naloxone administrations but a negative reaction to subsequent administrations. All of the 29 subjects, however, returned to illicit heroin use within several days following their release from the treatment unit. the potential of naloxone as a rapid detoxification tool is discussed in counterpoint to the apparent lack of potential the procedure has as a means of attenuating opiate-seeking behavior.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1976

Contingent naloxone treatment of the narcotic addict: a pilot study.

In a community-based abstinence program, 108 chronic heroin abusers, paroled from Maryland correctional institutions, were administered the narcotic antagonist, naloxone, in escalating 500 mg dosages to a daily maximum dosage of 2,000 mg when either urine analysis indicated narcotic drug use or unexcused absences led to the suspicion of narcotic intake. Dosage was then continued at the maximum level until the record again indicated abstinence. This approach was regarded as such a distinct departure from customary antagonist administration that a pilot investigation of its effectiveness was undertaken. Six month outcome data on all patients were constrasted with those of an historical comparison group previously treated in the same clinic without naloxone administration. Both groups were equivalent on all criminal history, demographic, and prognostic variables. The group receiving contingent naloxone administration showed a significantly lower institutionalization rate (8%) than that for the reference sample (37%). Complete abstinence rates were also in favor of the naloxone group (38 vs. 12%).

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1975

Contingent naloxone (N-allylnoroxymorphone) treatment of the paroled narcotic addict.

This is a presentation of the results of pilot and controlled research on the effectiveness of the contingent (upon narcotic drug use) administration of 500-2,000 mg daily, of the narcotic antagonist, naloxone (N-allylnoroxymorphone), to paroled narcotic addicts enrolled in a urine monitoring program conducted in a metropolitan-based outpatient clinic. Criteria of effectiveness, which include clinic attendance, the extent of narcotic drug usage, and final disposition at the end of a 6-month treatment period, are viewed in relation to already established baseline results with a sample of patients processed through the same clinic over a 5-year period prior to the introduction of naloxone treatment. Although results of the pilot study are encouraging, indicating longer patient involvement and less reinstitutionalization than baseline values, the results of the controlled evaluation reveal no benefit from contingently administered naloxone beyond placebo reactivity, which appears to be substantial in the contingent approach. The results are discussed in terms of given sample characteristics, and suggestions are offered regarding the development of new narcotic antagonist treatment approaches.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

A strain of pathogenic Naegleria isolated from a human nasal swab.

The 161A strain of Naegleria isolated from a human nasal swab and reported earlier was further studied for its growth pattern, cyst-wall appearance, cytopathic effect on primary monkey kidney cells, and pathogenicity in mice. Results obtained in the study establish the pathogenic status of this strain. This constitutes the first isolation of a pathogenic Naegleria from a human nasal cavity.

Amoeba↗