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Biomedical subjects

L Martinez

Publications and source records attributed to L Martinez.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Oral contraceptives and cervical carcinoma in situ in Chile.

A case-control study of cervical carcinoma in situ was conducted in Santiago, Chile, to determine whether risk of this condition is altered by use of oral contraceptives. Responses to a standardized questionnaire were compared in 133 hospitalized cases and 254 age-matched controls selected from the same screening program through which the cases were detected. After controlling for the possible confounding influence of a variety of indices of sexual behavior, socioeconomic status, and prior cytological smears, no increase in risk was found in women who ever used oral contraceptives. No trend of increasing or decreasing risk was seen in relation to duration of use, up to more than 6 years of exposure, or with the passage of time from either initial or most recent exposure. An observed increase in risk in current users of oral contraceptives was not considered likely to represent a causal relationship.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1988

Laboratory oviposition, fecundity and egg hatching ability of colonized Anopheles albimanus from southwestern Mexico.

Fecundity, oviposition patterns and egg hatching characteristics were studied in two colonies of Anopheles albimanus isolated from the Pacific coast of southern Mexico. Fecundity was inversely proportional to the cage space available to the female and was influenced by the bloodmeal source, feeding method and previous feeding history. The length of the gonotrophic cycle decreased with succeeding experience from a mean 6.6 in the first to 2.6 days for the fifth cycle. Oviposition timing was also dependent on availability of oviposition substrate. Hatching success of eggs increased significantly when the oviposition site was witheld until 48 hr post-bloodmeal.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Regional nutritional pattern and cancer mortality in the Federal Republic of Germany.

Regional age-adjusted mortality rates of the Federal Republic of Germany from 1976 to 1980 were correlated with regional nutritional data from a national survey on income and consumption. This survey was conducted in 1973 and covered a sample of 50,000 households. The mortality rates due to carcinomas of the stomach, colon, rectum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, breast, and prostate and the consumption data of 15 nutrients and other compounds are shown for the 11 Federal States. For alcohol, vitamin C and calcium variations range about 20%, whereas deviations in the consumption of protein, fat, and most carbohydrates appear of minor importance. Some of the 45 correlation coefficients significant at the 5% level (out of 210) may have etiologic importance. The associations that coincide in both sexes are alcohol and disaccharide consumption with stomach cancer and protein intake with pancreatic cancer. Because previous habits and consumption may have a stronger etiologic influence than do present ones in the induction of chronic diseases, the utilization of existing information from the 1930s (e.g., Atlas of Ethnic Studies) and the assessment of habits in previous decades by means of case-control studies are emphasized.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1985

Baclofen for the treatment of acute low-back syndrome. A double-blind comparison with placebo.

The efficacy and safety of baclofen (30-80 mg daily) for the treatment of acute low-back syndrome were evaluated in a 14-day, double-blind, randomized study of 200 patients (100 baclofen, 100 placebo). Patients with initially severe or extremely severe symptoms (as opposed to moderate symptoms) benefitted most from treatment with baclofen. The incidence of adverse effects was significantly higher in the baclofen group; however, most were mild to moderate and disappeared in all but two patients who required a reduction in dosage, without reduced drug efficacy. Baclofen was shown to be effective, safe, and well-tolerated for the treatment of patients with acute low-back syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The use of autografts for vertebral body replacement of the thoracic and lumbar spine.

Thirty-seven patients with fractures of the thoracic or lumbar spine underwent anterior corpectomy (partial or complete) and vertebral body replacement for either destructive lesions from tumor or infection (13 patients) or trauma (24 patients). The vertebral bodies were replaced using either rib (12 patients) or tricortical iliac crest (25 patients) autografts. The Dunn device was utilized in conjunction with the autografts in 19 patients. Posterior stabilization was used in five patients; three prior to anterior stabilization and two after anterior stabilization. Within 2 weeks of the operative procedure, all patients began walking or sitting. Of the 37 patients, 21 with incomplete neurologic deficits improved, and 10 of those went onto complete recovery. Of the 27 patients who have been followed for a minimum of 1 year, 25 have obtained solid fusions, one developed a pseudarthrosis that required regrafting, and one had a delayed union prior to death from metastatic disease. There were two deaths in the immediate postoperative period and three deaths in the first six postoperative wounds due to metastatic disease. The purpose of this study is to present a consecutive series of patients who have undergone corpectomy and vertebral body replacement as well as to define the adequacy of stabilization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Modified fundoplication technique for correction of gastroesophageal reflux in children.

A modification of the Nissen fundoplication for correcting GER in children is described. This method involves creating a reinforced fundoplication below the diaphragm at the gastroesophageal junction. Two additional lateral rows of sutures are used to reinforce the conventional Nissen fundoplication. This modified technique prevents symptomatic recurrence by lessening the chance of disruption of fundoplication sutures, and it prevents formation of paraesophageal hiatal hernia. We conclude that the modified fundoplication technique is both safe and effective for use in treating children with GER.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Body proportions in precocious puberty.

Sitting height (SH) and sub-ischial leg length (SLL) were measured in 10 boys and 16 girls with precocious puberty; the patients were aged from 1.5 to 13.4 years at the time. Standard deviation scores (SDS) calculated for chronological age and bone age showed higher scores for SH than for SLL in all but two patients, both girls: the differences between the SDS for SH and SLL were more marked in the boys. The findings indicate that growth of the trunk is usually greater than growth of the legs in precocious puberty, particularly in boys.

Age Determination by Skeleton↗
PubMed1983

The epidemiology of stomach cancer in Bavaria.

Stomach cancer represents an important cause of death in the Federal Republic of Germany, the regional analysis of mortality rates showing that the rates in Bavaria lay significantly above the national average during the years 1952 till 1978. Within this Federal State the mortality again is not uniform but regions in the Northeast with high rates are distinguishable from low mortality in the Southwest. Furthermore, the analysis by age and birth cohorts shows a decrease of mortality from stomach cancer with later years of birth. The considerable differences in consecutive birth cohorts, given the regional patterns, may indicate a varying exposure to etiological factors, most likely to be sought in the early life of the later cancer victims. In an attempt to clarify the reasons for these regional particularities a case-control study is designed to investigate, among other factors, the etiological relevance of nutritional habits. The possible influence of competing causes of death is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Transient behaviour of the heart rate in man depending on respiratory cycle during fast tilt].

The initial heart rate response to rapid passive changing of posture was analysed in 43 normal subjects. The tilting (mean tilt time: 1.7 s) was applied during expiration or inspiration. As compared to inspiration, the 70 degrees head-up tilt during expiration resulted in significantly higher values of heart rate increase and longer duration of the "initial complex", i.e. the immediate increase and the following decrease of heart rate to a minimum after tilting. The heart rate response to tilting from erect to supine position was not symmetrical to that during head-up tilt: at first the heart rate increased, about 6 s after the change of body position heart rate decreased suddenly, mostly below the recumbent control value, which was attained again after about 20-30 s. The distinct initial heart rate response to the head-up tilt probably can be explained in part by the hydrostatically caused drop of the mural pressure at the level of carotid artery and the different sensitivity of arterial baroreflex during the respiratory cycle. Other mechanisms, e.g. the participation of chronotropic autoregulation are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The value of radionuclide myelography in the evaluation of spinal arachnoiditis.

On the basis of myelographic findings, spinal adhesive arachnoiditis was classified into three types: type I (peripheral or marginal), type II (central), and type III (advanced). Depending on its location and extent, it may be divided into group A (lumbar), group B (thoracic), and group C (cervical). In view of the fact that intrathecal injection both of oily and of water-soluble contrast media tends to produce spinal arachnoiditis, we have been using radionuclides for pre- and postoperative myelography to evaluate arachnoiditis. Radionuclide myelography with 131I-HSA or 111In-DTPA is a safe modality which provides useful information regarding spinal arachnoiditis.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Comparison of "invasive" and "non-invasive" strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis by phage typing.

Seventy strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from blood of patients together with 41 strains of these bacteria isolated from the skin were typed by three different phage sets. Different percentages of phage typability by compared phage sets were found. Blood culture strains showed phage pattern Ph10/U14/U16 while other strains were of different phage patterns.

Bacteriophage Typing↗
PubMed1977

Abdominal aortic aneurysm and horseshoe kidney in a 91-year-old man.

A 91-year-old man had a symptomatic, enlarging abdominal aortic aneurysm in association with horseshoe kidney. He underwent successful surgical resection. Difficulties, secondary to the inter-relationship of the renal artery supply and the aneurysm, are discussed. This patient is 15 years older than the previously oldest reported patient with these two associated anomalies.

Aged↗