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Biomedical subjects

L Martin

Publications and source records attributed to L Martin.

At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Fetal Krabbe leukodystrophy. A morphologic study of two cases.

Two new cases of Krabbe disease were diagnosed prenatally in a family with two previous affected children. The activity of galactosylceramide-beta-galactosidase was virtually absent in cultured amniotic cells. The prenatal diagnosis was confirmed enzymatically in cultured fibroblasts, brain, and visceral organs. Light and electron microscopy studies in both fetuses, 20 and 23 weeks of gestational age respectively, revealed the presence of typical globoid cells in the white matter of the spinal cord. Specific inclusions were also found in the brain stem and in peripheral nerves of the second fetus. A comparison with other Krabbe disease fetuses described in the literature contributes to the consensus that abnormal morphological findings can be expected in particular in the most actively myelinating areas of the nervous system. Although most of the cells containing the specific inclusions are probably non-glial in nature, some of them could represent myelination glia.

Amniocentesis↗
PubMed1981

Effects of traumatic manipulations on grafts, sutures, and host arteries during vascular surgery procedures. Experiments on dogs.

Scanning electron microscopy was used to diagnose incidents of trauma and the pattern of healing following surgical implantation of microporous blood vessel substitutes. Vascular reconstruction procedures using autogenous or synthetic prosthetic material inflict damage to the adjacent tissues as well as the prosthesis. This affects the thrombotic behavior and healing pattern of the area. The prognosis for long-term success are, as a consequence, directly influenced. Various vessel-occluding devices were evaluated in canine models with respect to their ability to damage blood vessels at the clamped site. The impact of suture needles on tissues and prosthetic materials was also considered. Of the various vessel-clamping devices which are commercially available, those which have elastomeric shields on the clamping components were found to be most satisfactory. The development of less traumatic surgical devices is discussed with the aim of further reducing surgical trauma.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Unrecognized ureteral duplication (author's transl)].

The occult ureter in a duplex kidney should be recognized during the procedure time even if the intravesical orifice has not been visualized. In the opposite case it is possible to do some therapeutic errors. That is the reason why the authors report four new cases with five occult ureters in a duplex kidney. One is diagnosed during a second procedure for removing a stenosis on an unfortunate reimplantation with an acute renal failure. Four occult ureters were found during an intervention for a vesicorenal reflux on the functional ureter. The upper pouch was blind without any renal parenchyma in three cases and in two cases there was a little renal dysplasic parenchyma. In the four ureters where we have been able to observe the down pouch we have not seen an orifice in three cases and in one case the orifice was in ectopic position. Commentaries are done about the clinic context the similarities between this unrecognised ureter and ureterocele. Therapeutic approach is precised with the interest of an opacification during the procedure of all supplementary conduct discovered while the dissection of an ureter.

Child↗
PubMed1980

The metabolic oxidation of the ethynyl group in 4-ethynylbiphenyl in vitro.

1. The metabolism of 4-ethynylbiphenyl has been studied in vitro with subcellular fractions of normal and induced rat liver, and rat intestinal microflora (caecal contents). 2. Oxidation was NADPH-dependent, was inhibited by CO and stimulated by pretreatment with phenobarbitone or 3-methylcholanthrene. 3. Oxidation of the ethynyl group occurred in washed microsomal preparations, but not significantly in soluble fractions. Oxidation of the ethynyl group by a microsomal fraction preceded aromatic hydroxylation and no metabolites containing the intact ethynyl group were detected. 4. The major metabolite in liver fractions was biphenyl-4-ylacetic acid. This was the only product produced by a modified Udenfriend system. 5. Metabolism of 4-ethynylbiphenyl by rat caecal contents under anaerobic conditions produced very small amounts of 4-vinylbiphenyl. 6. In a modified Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium TA98, 4-ethynylbiphenyl gave a weak positive result that was doubled after 'activation' with an induced rat S9 fraction.

Acetylene↗
PubMed1980

Kawasaki disease, or mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome: report of seven cases in North America.

The clinical and laboratory findings in seven children with Kawasaki disease are reviewed. Four of the patients had the more complicated course that has characterized the cases diagnosed in North America. This suggests that the benign forms are often mistaken for other febrile illnesses. The patients were two girls and five boys ranging in age from 4 months to 7 years; six were Caucasian and one was a North American Indian. Fever, redness of the oral mucosa, an erythematous or scarlatiniform rash and cervical adenopathy were seen in all; six patients had the characteristic fingertip desquamation and nonexudative conjunctivitis. Cardiac involvement occurred in four patients, two of whom had coronary artery aneurysm or thrombosis. Arthritis or arthralgia was seen in six patients, and aseptic meningitis occurred in four. Of the three patients with jaundice two underwent laparotomy and excision of a hydropic gallbladder; one of them died from Klebsiella pneumoniae sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy.

Aspirin↗
PubMed1980

Defibrinogenation as an alternative to heparinization in prolonged extracorporeal circulation.

Complications arising from difficulty controlled bleeding and thrombus formation during procedures which require extracorporeal circulation with heparin as anticoagulant motivate the search for better hemostasis and anticoagulant technology. An enzyme (Defibrase), having a specific interaction with fibrinopeptide A such as to cause fibrin depletion in a soluble form, has been proposed as an alternative to heparin. Defibrase, in contrast to heparin, does not affect blood platelet function. Heparin and Defibrase as anticoagulants were compared in 8 h perfusion studies using arterio-venous extracorporeal blood circuits in dogs; the circuitry included pumps, membrane oxygenators and filters serially. Thrombus formation, in the filters and the oxygenators as well as pathology of the perfused animal were investigated. The results suggest that defibrase-like enzymes have potential for enhanced control of hemorrhagic and thrombotic phenomena. Although impeded by a latency of several hours before the full anticoagulant properties are developed in vivo, it appears that enzymatically mediated defibrinogenation of blood may be a valuable alternative to heparinization in extracorporeal circulation procedures.

Animals↗