Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

L Mandel

Publications and source records attributed to L Mandel.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

The gut as a lymphoepithelial organ: the role of intestinal epithelial cells in mucosal immunity.

Mucosal surfaces covered by a layer of epithelial cells represent the largest and most critical interface between the organism and its environment. The barrier function of mucosal surfaces is performed by the epithelial layer and immune cells present in the mucosal compartment. As recently found, epithelial cells, apart from their participation in absorptive, digestive and secretory processes perform more than a passive barrier function and are directly involved in immune processes. Besides the well known role of epithelial cells in the transfer of polymeric immunoglobulins produced by lamina propria B lymphocytes to the luminal content of mucosals (secretory Igs), these cells were found to perform various other immunological functions, to interact with other cells of the immune system and to induce an efficient inflammatory response to microbial invasion: enzymic processing of dietary antigens, expression of class I and II MHC antigens, presentation of antigens to lymphocytes, expression of adhesive molecules mediating interaction with intraepithelial lymphocytes and components of extracellular matrix, production of cytokines and probable participation in extrathymic T cell development of intraepithelial lymphocytes. All these functions were suggested to influence substantially the mucosal immune system and its response. Under immunopathological conditions, e.g. during infections and inflammatory bowel and celiac diseases, both epithelial cells and intraepithelial lymphocytes participate substantially in inflammatory reactions. Moreover, enterocytes could become a target of mucosal immune factors. Mucosal immunosurveillance function is of crucial importance in various pathological conditions but especially in the case of the most frequent malignity occurring in the intestinal compartment, i.e. colorectal carcinoma. Proper understanding of the differentiation processes and functions of epithelial cells in interaction with other components of the mucosal immune system is therefore highly desirable.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

CPR knowledge, self-efficacy, and anticipated anxiety as functions of infant/child CPR training.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of infant/child CPR training on CPR knowledge, self-efficacy, and anticipated anxiety among parents of healthy infants/children. PARTICIPANTS: Parents (n = 36) undergoing a 4-hour training program in infant/child CPR at a tertiary-care hospital located in a suburb of a large metropolitan region and a control group of parents (n = 47) without CPR training were enrolled in the study. DESIGN: Two parallel forms developed specifically to assess the impact of infant/child CPR training on CPR knowledge, self-efficacy, and anticipated anxiety were independently evaluated for their psychometric characteristics before being administered to the parents with and without CPR training. The CPR-trained parents were requested to complete one form immediately before and the other 1 month after CPR training, and the control group completed the two forms over a 1-month interval. Estimates of the likelihood of infant/child CPR situations were also rated by the parents at the same times. Demographic data were obtained during administration of the second form. RESULTS: Self-efficacy had increased significantly and anticipated anxiety about CPR had decreased significantly 1 month after CPR training among CPR-trained parents, compared with controls. We found no significant changes in the CPR-trained parents' CPR knowledge or estimates of the likelihood of experiencing CPR situations over the 1-month interval on comparison with data from the controls. CONCLUSION: Community-based infant/child CPR training programs affect parents on a variety of levels but may not effect changes in CPR knowledge.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

CPR instruction by videotape: results of a community project.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To increase the rate of bystander CPR in a community by use of a free, mailed, 10-minute videotape of CPR instruction. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized intervention trial. One half of the households (8,659) received the free videotape (video-tape group) and were considered the intervention group, and one half (8,659) served as the control (no-videotape group). All households were followed from December 1991 to March 1993 to determine whether a cardiac arrest occurred and who initiated CPR. A telephone interview obtained additional information about circumstances of the arrest and whether members of the household viewed the videotape. SETTING: City of Everett and South Snohomish County, Washington. A commercial mailing list was used to identify 17,318 households with a head of the household who was more than 50 years old. PARTICIPANTS: A case was defined as a cardiac arrest in which CPR was initiated or continued by emergency medical services personnel. Only cardiac arrests due to presumed underlying heart disease were included. Arrests occurring after arrival of emergency medical services personnel were not included. INTERVENTIONS: The intervention was a free 10-minute videotape with CPR instructions mailed to the 8,659 intervention households. Paramedic run reports were reviewed and interviews were conducted with cardiac arrest bystanders to determine who initiated CPR and whether they had received and viewed the videotape. RESULTS: Sixty-five cardiac arrests occurred in the study households: 31 in households that received the videotape and 34 in households that did not review the videotape. The overall rate of bystander CPR was 47% in the videotape group and 53% in the no-videotape group (P = NS). In nine cardiac arrests, an individual was present who had watched the videotape; six of these nine cases (66%) had bystander CPR. CONCLUSION: Mass mailings of CPR instructional videos are likely to be ineffective in increasing the rate of bystander CPR in a community.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Sialorrhea and gastroesophageal reflux.

It is not unusual for patients who are pregnant or have a hiatal hernia to develop gatroesophageal reflux with the resultant symptoms of heartburn. This article reviews the role reflux plays in causing episodes of increased salivation. Stimulation of the esophagus by gastric acids excites and esophagosalivary reflex. A marked increase in salivary flow ensues, neutralizing the acid content of the esophagus. The dental practitioner is in a strategic position to be consulted about or recognize the existence of the esophagosalivary reflex and the consequent bouts of sialorrhea. Recognition mandates medical consultation.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Recurrent parotitis in children.

Recurrent parotitis in children (RPC), also known as juvenile recurrent parotitis, is a salivary gland inflammatory disease seen in the young. Intermittent episodes of parotid swellings, over a period of years, usually associated with a sialographic pattern of sialectasis, serve to differentiate RPC from other inflammatory diseases, such as mumps (epidemic parotitis). The etiology of RPC remains unknown, although such causative factors as heredity, immunology, infection, allergy and congenital duct malformation have all been considered. The manifestations of this unusual disease entity, illustrated by a case report, are the subject of this paper.

Child↗
PubMed1994

Protective effects of Nocardia delipidated cell mitogen on the mucosa of the small intestine after irradiation of germ-free piglets.

The radioprotective effect of the bacterial immunomodulator Nocardia delipidated cell mitogen (NDCM) on intestinal mucosa and disaccharidase activities was studied in irradiated germ-free piglets. Three-week-old germ-free (GF) piglets were intragastrically pretreated with 1 mg NDCM per 1 kg body weight. The piglets were whole-body irradiated with 2.5 Gray five days after the NDCM pretreatment and sacrificed eight days after irradiation. In the non-irradiated group of GF piglets, NDCM application stimulated lactase activity and markedly increased sucrase activity. This stimulatory effect of NDCM disappeared after irradiation and the piglets exhibited a normal activity of lactase in the jejunal brush-border membrane vesicles, while the sucrase activity decreased to the level found in irradiated controls. NDCM-pretreated intestinal mucosa contained some infrequent lymphocytes which disappeared from the control irradiated tissue. It also exhibited less injury of the epithelium and stroma cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Development of immune responses in early pig ontogeny.

Low amounts of immunoglobulins, produced without any known cause of stimulation, can be detected in sera and cells of fetal and colostrum deprived newborn pigs. These immunoglobulins are believed to represent the preimmune antibody repertoire on the basis of their polyspecificity and reactivity against self antigens. In vitro activation of liver and spleen cells with various polyclonal B cell activators (PBA) results in pronounced immunoglobulins synthesis as measured in the culture media by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Intrauterine injection of fetal and germfree pigs with PBA led to increased IgM, IgG and IgA levels in sera. Specific responses during fetal development were studied after intrauterine immunization. Antibodies to the heapten and its carrier flagellin, could be detected 7 days after the immunization of 55-day-old fetuses. Fetal and colostrum germfree pigs may be useful experimental models in which developmental immunity can be studied in the absence of maternal antibodies and environmental antigens.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Education in adult basic life support training programs.

The Panel on Educational Issues in Adult Basic Life Support Training Programs reviewed the characteristics of adult learners, aspects of educational theory, issues concerning barriers to learning and performing CPR, and issues concerning testing and evaluation. The panel made the following recommendations: a comprehensive evaluation of the basic life support program with the goal of improving the program design and educational tools must be initiated; adult programs must be designed to motivate laypersons to become trained in CPR, as well as to target relatives and friends of high-risk individuals; and emotional and attitudinal issues, including the student's reluctance to act in an emergency, must be addressed. Programs must incorporate information on the willingness of an individual to perform CPR; CPR programs must be simplified and focus on critical success factors; flexible educational approaches in programs are encouraged; flexible programming that addresses the needs of the allied health professional is encouraged; formal testing should be eliminated for layperson programs; and formal testing for health care providers and instructors should be continued.

Adult↗