[Hearing control in school children: clinical and organizational problems].
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Audiometry↗
Biomedical subjects
L Malm
Publications and source records attributed to L Malm.
Use of pharmacologic decongestion in the generation of rhinomanometric norms for the nasal airway.
It has been reported that nasal decongestion can be more effectively achieved by regulated exercise than by the use of decongestant nose drops. To test this finding, we assessed the relative effectiveness of physical exercise, nose drops, and sprays on 100 consecutive patients with nasal congestion. We found that decongestion was best achieved by spraying the nasal mucosa twice, seven to eight minutes apart, with 0.1% xylometazoline solution (Otrivin; Ciba-Geigy). This study demonstrates that rhinomanometric improvement correlates well with subjective improvement following septoplasty. Rhinomanometric limits for the selection of patients suitable for functional operations of the septum or lateral walls of the nose are presented.
Adolescent↗
Responses of resistance and capacitance vessels in feline nasal mucosa to vasoactive agents.
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Angiography↗
Beta-adrenergic receptors in the vessels of the cat nasal mucosa.
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Animals↗
Sympathetic influence on the nasal mucosa.
The tone of the resistance vessels determines the capillary flow and the tone of the capacitance vessels --the nasal patency. Lower impulse frequencies in the sympathetic nerves affect mainly the capacitance vessels, while higher frequencies affect both types of vessel. The existence of both alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptors and their distribution offer pharmacological ways to affect mainly one type of the vessels.
Electric Stimulation↗
The origin of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) nerves in the feline nasal mucosa.
The feline nasal mucosa is richly supplied with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) immunoreactive nerve fibres. The nerves occur in the subepithelial connective tissue, around small blood vessels and around the acini of seromucous glands. The ptergopalatine ganglion contains numerous VIP immunoreactive nerve cell bodies among non-reactive ones. Extirpation of the ganglion results in an almost complete disappearance of VIP-containing nerves in the nasal mucosa, while sectioning of the preganglionic nerve (Vidian nerve) does not affect the number of nasal VIP nerves. Hence the bulk of VIP nerve fibers in the nasal mucosa derive from cell bodies located in the pterygopalatine ganglion.
Animals↗
Effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide on resistance and capacitance vessels in the nasal mucosa.
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) immunoreactive nerves have previously been demonstrated in the feline nasal mucosa. In the present investigation it is shown that VIP given close arterially dilates both resistance and capacitance vessels in the nose of the cat. This vasodilatation is atropine resistant. It is suggested that VIP serves a physiological role in the neurogenic control of blood vessels in the nasal mucosa.
Animals↗
alpha-Adrenoceptor-mediated secretion from the anterior nasal glands of the dog.
The secretion of fluid from the anterior nasal glands in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs was measured by absorption on filter papers that were weighed before and after insertion into the nose. The secretion was stimulated by the local effects of drugs present on the dried filter paper. Methacholine evoked a dose-related secretion that could be reduced by atropine. Phenylephrine caused a scanty but measurable secretion in a dose that is used in topical nasal decongestants. When this alpha-adrenoceptor-stimulating drug was tested in combination with different doses of methacholine, a large increase in secretion was obtained over that with methacholine used alone. The increased secretion evoked by the combination was abolished by the alpha-adrenoceptor blocking drug phentolamine.
Animals↗
Isoprenaline-induced facilitation of the Eustachian tube opening.
Isoprenaline was given i.v. to rats and its ability to change the air pressure necessary to open the Eustachian tube (ET) was studied. Air was injected once a minute into the middle ear via a tube glued to a hole in the tympanic bulla. The rate of pressure increase was 0.7 kPa/sec. The air pressure at which the ET opened was in 10 rats 3.4 +/- 0.3 (SE) kPa. Isoprenaline in a dose of 1 microgram/kg decreased this pressure opening level (Pol) by 0.14 +/- 0.03 kPa and with 10 micrograms/kg by 0.22 +/- 0.03 kPa. These effects were reduced by propranolol. Isoprenaline did not act via released adrenaline. A surface tension lowering substance, Tween 20, instilled into the middle ear, decreased Pol by about 0.9 kPa. It is suggested that isoprenaline evokes a decreased Pol via secretion of surface tension lowering substances.
Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
The influence of pregnancy on the eustachian tube function in rats.
Textbooks of otorhinolaryngology usually report that one-third of women diagnosed for patulous Eustachian tube (tuba aperta) are pregnant or on estrogenic therapy. To investigate whether the opening of the Eustachian tube (ET) can be facilitated experimentally during pregnancy, the ET opening function of 14 pregnant rats was compared with that of 14 nonpregnant controls. The air pressure at which the ET opened (the pressure opening level, Pol) when air is injected into the middle ear, and the pressures maintaining open ET during continued air injection were measured. The Pol was lower in the pregnant rats, whereas there was no difference in pressures between the two groups during open ET. The differences between Pol and the pressures during open ET were smaller in the pregnant rats than in the controls. It was furthermore demonstrated in 2 rats that, after instillation of a surface tension lowering substance in the middle ear, the Pol was reduced markedly, whereas the effect on the pressure during open ET was less pronounced. It is concluded that pregnancy facilitates opening of the ET in rats and it is suggested that it is done by reducing the surface tension of the ET secretion.
Animals↗
Rhinomanometry. IV. A pre- and postoperative evaluation in functional septoplasty.
One hundred patients, subjected to functional septoplasty, were examined pre- and postoperatively with anterior rhinomanometry, questionnaire and rhinoscopy. Nasal airway resistance was described as a resistance (R2) for clinical, and as an angle of the pressure-flow curve (v2) for statistical use. Before operation uni- or bilateral R2 after mucosal decongestion was abnormally high in 72 of the patients. Regression analysis showed that patients with a preoperative R2 greater than 4.5 cmH2O/(l/sec) in at least one cavity were improved after surgery, as shown by rhinomanometry. Patients with such postoperative improvement were significantly more often satisfied and free from nasal obstruction than patients with decreased nasal patency. It is concluded that rhinomanometry is an indispensable aid in the selection of patients for functional septoplasty and for assessing the results of operation.
Adolescent↗