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Biomedical subjects

L Ma

Publications and source records attributed to L Ma.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Therapeutic plasmapheresis in systemic lupus erythematosus].

Nine patients with SLE were treated with plasmapheresis (PP); eight of them having active disease improved rapidly and significantly both in clinical and laboratory parameters. The longest remission period was up to 17 months. The common side effects were hypocalcemia and urticaria but they did not necessitate cessation of therapy. The following treatment course is suggested: PP two to three times a week for two weeks with an exchange amount of 1.5 liters of plasma each time. In order to prevent the patients from antibody rebound phenomenon, administration of steroids and immunosuppressive agents following PP treatment is necessary.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[406 cases of angina pectoris in coronary heart disease treated with saponin of Tribulus terrestris].

Coronary heart disease (CHD) was treated with saponin of Tribulus terrestris. According to 406 cases of clinical observation and a cross test (67 cases treated with Yufen Ningxin Pian as control), the results showed that the total efficacious rate of remission angina pectoris was 82.3%. It was higher than the control group with a total effective rate of 67.2% (P less than 0.05). The total effective rate of ECG improvement (52.7%) was even higher than that of the control group (35.8%). It is shown that saponin of Tribulus terrestris has the action of dilating coronary artery and improving coronary circulation, and thus has better effects on improving ECG of myocardial ischemia. If taken for a long time, it has no adverse reaction on blood system and hepatic and renal functions. Neither does it have side effects. It is one of the ideal medicines to treat angina pectoris.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Analysis of the pathologic diagnoses of 1300 autopsies].

1300 autopsies in this hospital between 1949-1989 were reviewed, and the variation of the autopsy rate was analysed, giving an average rate of 20.7%. In 1258 cases with complete data, the consistency between clinical and pathological diagnoses reached 76.6%. Clinical misdiagnoses and uncertain diagnoses were found to be 19.2% and 4.1% respectively. The statistical figures indicated that infections diseases occupied a dominant position in 1950s, while in recent years cardiovascular diseases and malignant tumors have become the major diseases. Reasons of clinical misdiagnoses and lowering down of autopsy rate are discussed. Furthermore, statistical data cited in this article clearly demonstrate that autopsy is still of extreme importance in investigations of modern medical sciences.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1989

Electrophysiological measures during acupuncture-induced surgical analgesia.

Electrophysiological recordings (electroencephalograms, somatosensory-evoked potentials, cognitive-evoked potentials) were made in five patients during acupuncture-induced analgesia for removal of a thyroid tumor. The electrophysiological measures were unchanged during the operation. Acupuncture's modes of action in producing analgesia are not revealed in this study.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1989

Ovarian mucinous tumor with mural nodules of anaplastic carcinoma.

A case of mucinous cystic ovarian tumor with mural nodules of anaplastic carcinoma in a 30-year-old woman is described. The carcinomatous components within the nodules showed strong immunopositivity for cytokeratin and carcinoembryonic antigen, and ultrastructurally they displayed epithelial and glandular differentiation. Omental metastasis had already developed in the patient, and she received postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide and cis-platinum. No sign of recurrence was evident 4 months after the operation. The literature is reviewed and the importance of adjuvant chemotherapy in the postoperative management of such patients highlighted. The salient pathologic features differentiating mural nodules of anaplastic carcinoma and true sarcoma from prognostically favorable sarcoma-like nodules are presented.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1989

Genetic susceptibility to mucosal damage leads to bacterial translocation in a murine burn model.

Since genetic factors may be important in host resistance to infections after thermal injury, we screened the susceptibility of three mouse strains (CD-1, Balb/c, and C57/bl) to thermally induced bacterial translocation from the GI tract. Bacteria translocated to the MLNs of Balb/c but not the CD-1 or C57/bl mice receiving 25% body burns. The increased incidence of bacterial translocation in the burned Balb/c mice appeared to be due to a burn-induced gut mucosal injury, since the intestinal mucosa of the Balb/c but not the CD-1 or C57/bl mice was damaged 24 hr after the thermal injury. The mucosal injury appears to be mediated, at least in part, by xanthine oxidase-generated oxygen-free radicals, since inhibition of xanthine oxidase activity with allopurinol, or inactivation of xanthine oxidase activity by a molybdenum-free tungsten diet, prevented the mucosal injury and reduced the extent of bacterial translocation.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Lethal burn-induced bacterial translocation: role of genetic resistance.

Since genetic factors may influence outcome after trauma or during infection, the current experiments were performed to examine the resistance of three genetically different mouse strains to burn-induced bacterial translocation. Outbred ICR, inbred Balb/c, and inbred C57/B1 mice, with a normal or disrupted (monoassociated with Escherichia coli C25) GI tract microflora, were subjected to sham or actual 25% body burns. In Balb/c, but not ICR mice, replacing the normal intestinal microflora with E. coli C25 converted the thermal injury from a nonlethal (0% mortality) to a lethal (68% mortality) injury. The increased mortality of the burned Balb/c mice monoassociated with E. coli C25 was associated with a higher incidence (p less than 0.05) and magnitude (p less than 0.05) of E. coli C25 translocation from the GI tract. The C57/B1 mice were intermediate between the Balb/c and ICR strains, in that C57/B1 mice monoassociated with E. coli C25 had a higher mortality and greater E. coli C25 translocation than mice with a normal microflora after thermal injury. Thus the composition of the intestinal microflora as well as the genetic background of the host influence the susceptibility of the host to burn-induced bacterial translocation and survival.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Endotoxin induces bacterial translocation and increases xanthine oxidase activity.

Previously, we documented that endotoxin induces bacterial translocation from the gut and that inhibition or inactivation of xanthine oxidase activity reduces endotoxin-induced bacterial translocation. Consequently, experiments were performed to correlate endotoxin-induced bacterial translocation with changes in intestinal mucosal structure and xanthine dehydrogenase and oxidase activity. Segments of the jejunum, ileum, cecum, proximal colon, distal colon, and liver were harvested from ICR mice 24 hr after IP administration of E. coli 0111:B4 endotoxin (0.1 mg). Xanthine dehydrogenase and oxidase activities were measured in these samples and correlated with intestinal morphology. Bacteria translocated from the intestines to extraintestinal organs in 70% of the mice receiving endotoxin, while the organs of control mice were sterile (p less than 0.01). Endotoxin injured primarily the ileal and cecal mucosa and increased ileal and hepatic xanthine dehydrogenase and cecal oxidase activities (p less than 0.05). These results suggest that xanthine oxidase-induced mucosal damage plays a role in endotoxin-induced bacterial translocation.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Inhibition of endotoxin-induced bacterial translocation in mice.

The primary functions of the gut are to absorb nutrients and exclude bacteria and their products. However, under certain circumstances the gut may lose its barrier function and serve as a reservoir for systemic microbial infections. These experiments were performed to determine the mechanisms whereby endotoxin causes bacteria to escape (translocate) from the gut. Bacteria translocated from the gut to the mesenteric lymph nodes of mice challenged with nonlethal doses of Escherichia coli 026:B6 or E. coli 0111:B4 endotoxin. Physical disruption of the gut mucosal barrier appears to be the primary mechanism whereby endotoxin promotes bacterial translocation. Mucosal injury and endotoxin-induced bacterial translocation were reduced by inhibition (allopurinol) or inactivation (tung-sten diet) of xanthine oxidase activity (P less than 0.01), but were not affected by the platelet-activation factor antagonists, SRI 63-441 or BN 52021. Because the inhibition or inactivation of xanthine oxidase activity reduced both the extent of mucosal injury and endotoxin-induced bacterial translocation, the effect of endotoxin on the gut appears to be mediated, at least to some degree, by xanthine oxidase-generated, oxygen-free radicals.

Allopurinol↗
PubMed1989

Clear cell chondrosarcoma: case report and ultrastructural study.

A case of clear cell chondrosarcoma in a Chinese patient is described. The clear cells showed strongly positive S-100 protein immunoreactivity. Ultrastructurally 2 types of chondroid cells were demonstrated. One type appeared more primitive with abundant electron-lucent cytoplasm and sparse organelles. The other type of cell was more differentiated with presence of microvilli and numerous dilated cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum. Previous ultrastructural studies on these lesions were reviewed and compared with the present findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Antihyperlipidemic capsules in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and its clinical effect on hemorheology and aggregation of thrombocytes.

The authors treated 54 cases of hyperlipidemia with the antihyperlipidemic capsules and the total short-term effective rate was 77.8%. The capsules also showed obvious effects in improving hemorheology, reducing aggregation of thrombocytes, and lowering the blood pressure. The authors believe they would be useful in the prevention and treatment of ischemic apoplexy and coronary disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Endotoxin-induced bacterial translocation: a study of mechanisms.

Previously, we documented that nonlethal doses of endotoxin cause the translocation (escape) of bacteria from the gut to systemic organs. The purpose of this study was to determine which portion(s) of the endotoxin molecule induces bacterial translocation and to examine the role of xanthine oxidase activity in the pathogenesis of endotoxin-induced bacterial translocation. Nonlethal doses of Salmonella endotoxin preparations (wild type, Ra, or Rb), containing the terminal portion of the core polysaccharide, induced bacterial translocation, whereas those preparations lacking the terminal-3 sugars (Rc, Rd, Re, or lipid A) did not induce bacterial translocation. Additionally, only those endotoxin preparations that induced bacterial translocation injured the gut mucosa, increased ileal xanthine dehydrogenase and oxidase activity, and disrupted the normal ecology of the gut flora, resulting in overgrowth with enteric bacilli. Inhibition of xanthine oxidase activity by allopurinol prevented endotoxin (Ra)-induced mucosal injury and reduced the incidence of bacterial translocation from 83% to 30% (p less than 0.01). These results suggest that endotoxin-induced bacterial translocation requires the presence of the terminal core lipopolysaccharide moiety and that xanthine oxidase-generated oxidants are important in the pathogenesis of endotoxin-induced mucosal injury and bacterial translocation.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Route and preparation of 5-Fu administration as preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in rectal cancer. II. Morphologic, ultrastructural and histochemical changes of the cancer cells after intrarectal and intravenous 5-Fu administration].

From March 1981 to October 1985, 5-Fu was preoperatively given to 65 Dukes B and C rectal cancer patients (intrarectal suppository 40 and emulsion 20, intravenous 5). The results indicated that after intrarectal administration, marked changes and destruction of the cancer cells in morphology were observed in 40% of the resected rectal specimens for suppository and in 45% for emulsion; marked retrograde degeneration in ultrastructure was found in 47.5% for suppository and in 50% for emulsion; DNA synthesis was obviously reduced in 63% for suppository and in 75% for emulsion. It is suggested that the emulsion be a better preparation. No obvious changes or destruction in morphology and ultrastructure were observed in cancer cells treated by intravenous drip of high dose 5-Fu though leukopenia below 4000 was found in 2/5. However, it was 0/60 by rectal administration. This implies that the intrarectal route is more rational than the conventional intravenous route. This study presents an alternate supplementary treatment in addition to radiotherapy for the reduction of postoperative local recurrence of Dukes B and C rectal cancers.

Administration, Rectal↗
PubMed1988

Hemorrhagic shock-induced bacterial translocation is reduced by xanthine oxidase inhibition or inactivation.

Experiments were performed to determine whether bacterial translocation (BT) after hemorrhagic shock is due to a reperfusion injury mediated by xanthine oxidase-derived oxidants. Rats were subjected to 30 minutes of shock (30 mm Hg) followed by reinfusion of shed blood. Twenty-four hours after hemorrhage and reinfusion, the mesenteric lymph node, liver, and spleen were harvested from each animal for bacterial culture, and the ileum and cecum were examined histologically. Sham-shocked (control) rats were instrumented, but blood was not withdrawn. The incidence of BT was higher in the shocked rats (61%) than in the sham-shocked animals (7%) (p less than 0.01). Allopurinol (50 mg/kg, administered orally), a competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, reduced the incidence of shock-induced BT to 14% (p = 0.02). Similarly, rats fed a tungsten-supplemented molybdenum-free diet, which inactivates xanthine oxidase, reduced shock-induced BT to 10% (p = 0.02). The histologic damage cause by hemorrhagic shock was prevented by blocking xanthine oxidase activity. Thus hemorrhagic shock-induced bacterial translocation from the gut appears to be mediated by oxidants generated by activation of the xanthine oxidase system.

Allopurinol↗
PubMed1987

Selective immunosuppression with anti-interleukin 2 receptor-targeted therapy: helper and suppressor cell activity in rat recipients of cardiac allografts.

(LEW X BN)F1 cardiac allografts are rejected within 8 days in unmodified LEW rats. ART18, a mouse anti-rat IgG1 monoclonal antibody which binds specifically in vitro to the interleukin 2 receptor (IL 2R) molecule expressed primarily on activated T cells, prolongs allograft survival in a dose-dependent fashion to ca. 3 weeks (p less than 0.001) after being administered for 10 days after transplantation. This effect was related to the specificity of the antibody for IL 2R, as therapy with ART62 (a monoclonal antibody recognizing MHC class I antigen but not binding the rat IL 2R) was ineffectual. Suppressor activity was detected in spleen cells of ART18-treated grafted hosts: in vivo, splenic T suppressor/cytotoxic fraction adoptively transferred into normal LEW improved donor-specific but not third-party test graft survival (17 days, vs. 8 days, respectively, p less than 0.001); in vitro, mixed lymphocyte reaction was profoundly but nonspecifically inhibited (less than 5% of test mixed lymphocyte reaction, p less than 0.001 as compared to acutely rejecting controls). In contrast, splenic T helper (Th) cells from ART18-treated hosts were functionally depressed, as noted by their passive transfer into immunologically anergic B recipients of cardiac allografts (rejection in ca. 40 days, vs. ca. 13 days after transfer of Th from specifically sensitized rats). ART18 treatment also resulted in diminished elaboration of IL 2 as compared to normal (p less than 0.005) or acutely rejecting hosts (p less than 0.001); however, a remarkable increase in the production of IL 3 occurred (p less than 0.001). These results demonstrate that IL 2R-targeted therapy of immunocompetent graft recipients produces a selective immune defect in which donor-specific T suppressor cells are spared, but Th cells attenuated or destroyed. Decreased elaboration of IL2 concomitantly augments the release of IL 3, a lymphokine which might play a role in suppressor effect in vivo. In addition, IL 2R-targeted therapy of the immunodeficient graft recipients abrogates the capacity of alloactivated T cells to re-establish acute immune responsiveness.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Orbital angiosarcoma with subconjunctival presentation. Report of a case and literature review.

An otherwise healthy 37-year-old woman had, over the course of 2 years, a recurring subconjunctival lesion associated with blepharoptosis. Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a large anterior and superior orbital mass. A diagnosis of angiosarcoma (AS) was made from biopsy material. The patient is alive and well 18 months after exenteration and radiation therapy. The clinical and histopathologic features of this tumor are discussed with emphasis on the differential diagnosis of malignant vascular tumors of the orbit.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Local recurrences after subtotal esophagectomy for squamous cell carcinoma.

From July 1982 to June 1985, 100 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus had esophageal resection and reconstruction using an abdominal and right thoracotomy approach (Lewis-Tanner operation). Five patients died within 30 days. The remaining 95 patients were studied prospectively for evidence of local recurrences. It was found that anastomotic recurrences occurred in eight patients, and mediastinal recurrences involving the intrathoracic stomach occurred in seven patients over a mean follow-up period of 13 months. The total local recurrence rate was 16% (15 of 95 patients). The incidence of anastomotic recurrence was shown to be related only to the length of the proximal resection margin and not related to tumor differentiation or lymph node metastases. A proximal resection margin of less than 5 cm measured at operation had a 20% risk of developing an anastomotic recurrence, and a margin of between 5 to 10 cm had an 8% risk. Mediastinal recurrences that encroached on the intrathoracic stomach were found to be related more to the extent of lateral spread of the primary tumor in the mediastinum than to the length of the resection margins. Postoperative radiotherapy in patients with palliative resections decreased the incidence of local recurrences. To reduce the incidence and consequences of local recurrence after esophagectomy, it is suggested that in patients with tumors in the upper thorax, a more complete esophagectomy is warranted, postoperative radiotherapy should be given to patients with short resection margins, and in patients with extensive mediastinal spread, use of the retrosternal route for reconstruction is preferred.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗