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Biomedical subjects

L M Strand

Publications and source records attributed to L M Strand.

22 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Cost of developing a computerized drug file.

The personnel time and costs involved in manually developing a master drug file are described. This system was designed independently by the pharmacy personnel of a 550-bed medical center to support the computer programs for drug purchasing, inventory control, outpatient services, i.v. admixture services, and pharmacy management reports. The master drug file was created to contain data on every drug and nondrug line item used in the pharmaceutical services of the medical center. The process of manually developing the drug file and entering the data into the computer system required six weeks, 732 pharmacy staff hours, 120 hours of supervision by administrative pharmacy personnel, 50 hours of program planning and organization of computerized programs, and cost a total of $8451. The drug file contains 1138 drug formulary line items; 0.88 hours were consumed per line item, at a development cost of $7.43 per line item. Although a commercially available drug file could have provided 35,000 records at half the cost, it was concluded that the independent development of the master drug file was justified in terms of meeting this medical center's specific information needs.

Computers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of theophylline bioavailability using saliva theophylline concentrations.

Substantial error occurs when individual saliva theophylline concentrations are used to predict serum theophylline concentrations. However, the use of saliva theophylline concentrations to determine product bioavailability has never been evaluated. Subjects in this study were 18 stable patients (20-51 yr) with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Three preparations--a capsule (Elixophyllin 400 mg), elixir (Elixophyllin 373 mg), and tablet (Theolair 375 mg)--were administered in a randomized crossover design. Serum and saliva samples were obtained pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours after theophylline administration. The saliva AUC0-infinity and serum AUC0-infinity were highly associated for the elixir (r = 0.84) tablet (r = 0.89), and capsule (r = 0.89). The bioavailability of the tablet and capsule calculated from elixir saliva and elixir serum AUC0-infinity were not significantly different (p = 0.2). The bioavailability of the tablet calculated from saliva and serum was 93% and 102%, respectively. The bioavailability of the capsule calculated from saliva and serum was 113% and 102% respectively. Our data suggests that theophylline bioavailability can be reliably estimated from saliva theophylline concentrations. However, study designs that include larger sample sizes and more frequent sampling may be necessary when determining bioavailability from saliva.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Practice functions necessary for the delivery of pharmaceutical care.

Pharmaceutical care is a concept outlining the responsibilities of individual pharmacists to individual patients. Although widely accepted on a philosophical basis, there is a lack of comprehensive information about the functions and responsibilities pharmacists undertake when providing pharmaceutical care. Pharmacy educators and practitioners at the faculty of pharmacy, University of Toronto, developed and informally tested a process that details the practice functions required of pharmacists when providing pharmaceutical care as originally defined.

Humans↗