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Biomedical subjects

L M Martin

Publications and source records attributed to L M Martin.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Ten-year review of otitis media pathogens.

Data collected from 1980 to 1989 by investigators at the Pittsburgh Otitis Media Research Center were examined to detect changes over time in the prevalence of bacteria isolated from middle ear effusions in patients with otitis media. The organisms isolated most commonly from the 7396 effusions cultured at the center were Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. S. pneumoniae predominated in the subgroup of patients with acute otitis media, whereas H. influenzae was isolated most frequently from patients with otitis media with effusion. The most notable changes to occur during the 10-year period were a statistically significant increase in the prevalence of S. pneumoniae in patients with acute otitis media and a progressive rise in the percentage of beta-lactamase-producing strains of H. influenzae and Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis. The latter finding suggests the need for therapeutic alternatives to amoxicillin, which is not active against beta-lactamase-producing organisms, when these organisms are suspected or cultured from the middle ear.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1988

In-vivo comparison of four absorbable sutures: Vicryl, Dexon Plus, Maxon and PDS.

Absorbable sutures are initially equal or superior to nonabsorbable sutures in terms of tensile strength but are absorbed at variable rates by the action of hydrolysis. This study demonstrated that the in-vivo half-life tensile strength of the braided absorbable sutures polyglycolic acid (Dexon Plus) and polyglactin 910 (Vicryl) is 2 weeks, whereas those of the monofilament absorbable sutures polyglyconate (Maxon) and polydioxanone (PDS) are 3 and 6 weeks respectively. The addition of a single hitch or six knots reduced the in-vitro tensile strength by 30% to 35%. Polyglyconate (Maxon) suture demonstrated the best in-vitro knot security.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Erectile dysfunction in men with diabetes mellitus.

During a fourteen-month period, 497 men were evaluated for a primary complaint of erectile dysfunction. The initial evaluation consisted of a history taken in a conventional manner and supplemented by a patient-completed sexual function questionnaire, a physical examination, and serum testosterone, serum prolactin, and nocturnal penile tumescence studies. When appropriate, additional evaluations, including penile vascular studies, two-hour oral glucose tolerance tests, and psychiatric consultation were obtained. Abnormal glucose metabolism was present in 161 men (32%). Five men (1%) had insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), 80 men (16%) had noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), 55 men (11.1%) had newly diagnosed noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and 21 men (4.2%) had impaired glucose tolerance tests. One hundred forty-seven of these men (91.3%) had organic pattern impotence, and 14 (8.7%) had psychogenic pattern impotence.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Wheelchair accessibility of public buildings in Utica, New York.

This survey reviewed 13 public buildings for accessibility to wheelchair-bound consumers in Utica, New York. Buildings were both private and government supported. The scale used was based on the 1971 specifications of the American National Standards Institute. Buildings surveyed represented those built before and after enactment of the Architectural Barriers Act of 1968 and were subject to various regulations or no regulations concerning accessibility. Results revealed a trend of improved accessibility in both privately and publicly supported facilities, with the most accessible buildings having been built since 1980. No facility was found to be 100% in compliance with standards.

Architectural Accessibility↗
PubMed1986

Cost-effective evaluation of impotence.

Two hundred consecutive men presenting with a chief complaint of impotence have been evaluated with a protocol involving one or two outpatient visits. The initial evaluation for all patients consisted of a history taken in a conventional manner and supplemented by a patient-completed sexual function questionnaire, physical examination, serum testosterone and prolactin, and two-night nocturnal penile tumescence studies. Following the initial evaluation the patients were placed in one of three categories: (1) organic impotence, (2) functional impotence, (3) ambiguous impotence (mixed functional and organic impotence or organic impotence of undetermined etiology). Patients in the latter group underwent additional testing including penile vascular studies, two-hour oral glucose tolerance test, and psychiatric consultation. With this protocol, patients can be efficiently and effectively evaluated as outpatients with costs ranging from +250 to +450.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1983

Psychometric differentiation of biogenic and psychogenic impotence.

In a sequential clinical sample of 64 subjects exclusively diagnosed as either biogenically or functionally impotent, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Psychological Inventory (CPI) standard scales and the Beutler, et al., MMPI signs were all found to be ineffective in reliably classifying patients into the correct diagnostic groupings. Specific item analysis of the MMPI and CPI did identify a significant number of significantly differentiating individual items. Most of these items were shown to be reliably characterizable as indicating either performance anxiety or somatic complaint. Using these classifications of the items, the performance anxiety items were shown, consistent with theory, to be clearly associated with the functional impotence group. The somatic complaint items were shown to be clearly associated with the biogenic impotence group, presumably reflecting the symptoms of physiopathology, such as diabetes, underlying the biogenic condition.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1982

Recognition and management of depression in the elderly.

Depression is probably the most common psychiatric disorder of the elderly. Societal stereotypes and atypical clinical features are contributing factors to inadequate diagnosis and treatment. Somatic complaints without an obvious mood defect and a syndrome of pseudodementia are commonly encountered. Treatment strategies rest firmly on a comprehensive evaluation that considers the biological, psychologic, and social factors involved. Psychotherapy is a valuable tool in some elderly persons. When antidepressant agents are used, it should be recognized that lower than usual dosage may be effective and that the elderly person is particularly sensitive to the autonomic side effects of these chemical agents. Electroconvulsive therapy remains a helpful and sometimes lifesaving resource when other methods have failed.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Erectile impotence--it can be highly treatable.

In brief, the treatment of impotence is the treatment of the underlying cause whenever possible. When irreversible organic impotence is found, however, penile prosthesis should be considered. Both hydraulic inflatable and semirigid rod types are available. Morbidity with the procedure is relatively low in experienced hands and patient satisfaction has been reported as quite high. Pharmacogenic impotence may require a change or reduction of medication. Depression usually responds to some combination of antidepressants, psychotherapy, or electroconvulsive therapy, while modern short-term sex therapy has proved effective in reversing many of the anxiety-related cases. Deep-seated, anxiety-based impotence may require extensive psychotherapy, but many cases of recent-onset psychogenic impotence can be managed quite successfully with education, reassurance, and the optional short-term use of testosterone.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Diagnostic evaluation, classification, and treatment of men with sexual dysfunction.

During a two-year period, 165 men were evaluated for sexual dysfunction. Most evaluations were conducted on an outpatient basis and required two separate visits. Fifty-one per cent, 47 per cent, and 2 per cent of the patients were found to have functional disorders, organic disorders, and incomplete evaluations, respectively. Treatment recommendations were tailored to each patient using information gathered during the diagnostic evaluation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1969

Cerumen types in Choctaw Indians.

Certinen from 432 Choctaw Indians from Mississippi was classified as sticky or dry. The frequency of the autosomal recessive dry type was intermediate between that for Indians of western North America and that for Mayan groups of southern Mexico.

Cerumen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cancer statistics for African Americans, 1996.

Although cancer remains a major public health burden for African Americans, progress is being achieved. For both genders, stomach cancer mortality and mortality related to Hodgkin's disease showed large decreases over the past 30 years. Among African-American females, large decreases in cancer mortality occurred for nonmelanoma skin cancers, rectal cancers, and cervical and other uterine cancers. Tobacco use continues to decline among African Americans and, at present, is significantly lower among African-American youths than among their white counterparts. Despite these successes, additional work remains. Increased patient education regarding self-examinations and improved access to cancer screening are necessary to reduce the high percentage of cancers diagnosed at late stages among African Americans. Improved screening ultimately would increase survival and decrease cancer mortality. Some research has suggested that the increased morbidity and mortality in African Americans are related to poverty, lower education, and inadequate access to care as opposed to inherent racial characteristics. A recent study of black-white differences according to stage at diagnosis of breast cancer confirms some of these factors but also suggests that multiple factors may explain these differences, including mammograms, having a breast examination by a physician, and a history of patient delay. Such observations point to the importance of enacting broad social policies and establishing support mechanisms to diminish the impact of cancer in the African-American community.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of cetylpyridinium chloride on formation and metabolism of human dental plaque].

In this work, the Cepacol (cetylpyridinium chlorid) diluted 1:2, when used for mouthwashes three time a day decreased the "in situ" formation of human dental plaque, however it didn't decreased neither the plaque fermentation, nor the IEP synthesis by the plaque. When the Cepacol was used for treating the "in vitro" dental plaque in both 1:10 and 1:20 dilutions, decreased the fermentation and the IEP synthesis of the "in vitro" plaque.

Cetylpyridinium↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of mammography and Pap test use from the 1987 and 1992 National Health Interview Surveys: are we closing the gaps?

Using data from the National Health Interview Survey Cancer Control Supplements, we examined the trends in mammogram and Pap smear test screening between 1987 and 1992 and the demographic characteristics associated with the use of those screening tests in 1992. In 1992, 67% of women 40 years of age and older reported ever having had a mammogram compared with 36% in 1987. A mammogram within the past year was reported by 29% of women in 1992, an increase from 14% in 1987. Among women 18 and older, 91% had ever had a Pap smear test in 1992, and 43% had one within the past year, an increase from 89% and 38%, respectively, in 1987. These changes represented significant increases in the use of both mammograms and Pap smear tests between 1987 and 1992 (P < .05). Race was not significantly associated with underutilization of mammograms, but income showed a significant relationship, with a declining likelihood of mammogram use as income decreased (odds ratio [OR] = 0.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.3, 0.6 for the income less than poverty level). Pap smear tests were less likely to be reported by older women ( > or = 65), widows, and never-married women, African-American women were more likely than Caucasian women to have had a Pap smear test, and women of other races were the least likely of any race/ethnic group to have ever had one (OR = 0.2, 95% CI = 0.1, 0.4). Women with less than 12 years of education had about a 40% decreased risk of having had a recent mammogram or Pap smear test. Women without a usual source of medical care also underutilized both screening procedures. Significant gains in the use of mammograms were found for all groups between 1987 and 1992. However, for the Pap smear test, some groups reported no differences during the five-year period. Although race and ethnic differences in the rates of screening use have been reduced somewhat, socioeconomically disadvantaged women and those with poor access to health care are still important target populations for increasing screening, particularly mammograms.

Adult↗