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Biomedical subjects

L M Clark

Publications and source records attributed to L M Clark.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Relation between informant-rated personality and clinician-rated depression in patients with memory disorders.

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to examine the convergent validity of informant-rated changes in depressive and related personality traits with clinician-assessed depression in memory-disordered patients. BACKGROUND: Depressive symptoms are frequent complications in persons with dementias such as Alzheimer disease, and caregiver informants consistently report changes in depression and related neurotic traits on the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI) in dementia patients. METHODS: In 78 patients undergoing evaluation of memory complaints at an Alzheimer disease clinic, depression was characterized by clinical diagnosis, a clinician-rated scale, and informant ratings of premorbid versus current depression, anxiety, vulnerability, and neuroticism on the NEO-PI. RESULTS: The diagnostic groups differed in meaningful patterns on the NEO-PI measures. Those with a diagnosis of major depression differed from never-depressed patients in all personality areas, although those with depressed mood differed only on NEO-PI depression. The clinician-rated depression scale correlated modestly with current personality and change from baseline personality. CONCLUSIONS: The NEO-PI provides a useful measure of informants' perspectives on depressive personality changes in patients with memory disorders but does not correspond fully with a clinical syndrome of depression.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

The effect of a structured neonatal resuscitation program on delivery room practices.

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the introduction of the Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) of the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Heart Association into the delivery room of an Irish maternity hospital. DESIGN: Prospective, controlled observational study of 51 deliveries before and 51 deliveries following the training of delivery room personnel in the NRP. SAMPLE: Participants were 33 nurse-midwives and 11 pediatric resident physicians. MAIN OUTCOME VARIABLE: Evaluation of postdelivery, newborn resuscitation practices. RESULTS: The introduction of the NRP was associated with significant improvements in delivery room preparation, in the evaluation and management of the newborn infant, and in thermal protection at birth. Although there was a trend to use more free-flow oxygen following the introduction of the NRP, this was not statistically significant. Bag and mask ventilation was also used more frequently following NRP training. However, there were no significant differences in the use of endotracheal intubation, chest compressions, and medications. Fifteen of the 51 infants became hypothermic prior to the introduction of the NRP; none of the infants developed hypothermia in the post-NRP part of the study.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation↗
PubMed1998

Magnetic resonance imaging correlates of depression in early- and late-onset Alzheimer's disease.

BACKGROUND: Depressive symptoms are frequent complications of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We hypothesized that AD patients with depression would be more likely than nondepressed AD patients to show deep white-matter, subcortical gray-matter, and periventricular hyperintensities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: In a retrospective study of 31 AD patients, depression was characterized by clinical diagnosis (DSM-III-R major depression, depressive symptoms, or no depression), a clinician-rated depression scale, and informant ratings of premorbid (before memory disorder) as well as current depression using the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI), and related to qualitative and quantitative ratings of MRI hyperintensities. RESULTS: In contrast to reports in nondemented elderly patients, there was no relationship between clinical diagnosis of major depressive episode and hyperintensities; however, clinician-rated depressive symptoms were higher in subjects with large anterior hyperintensities. In the early-onset AD group only, MRI abnormalities were related to greater premorbid depression, and less increase in depression after the onset of dementia, as rated by informants on the NEO-PI. CONCLUSIONS: Results highlight the need to consider early- and late-onset AD separately when assessing relationships between personality and MRI abnormalities, and to consider premorbid personality style when drawing conclusions about the etiology of depressive features seen in AD.

Age of Onset↗
PubMed1995

An integrated physical map of human chromosome 16.

We describe an integrated physical, genetic and cytogenetic map of human chromosome 16 comprising both a low-resolution megaYAC map and a high-resolution cosmid contig/miniYAC map, which provides nearly complete coverage of the euchromatic arms of the chromosome. The physical map is anchored to a high-resolution cytogenetic breakpoint map and is integrated with genetic and gene transcript maps of the chromosome by sequence-tagged sites and clone hybridizations.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Cytological and molecular characterization of centromeres in Mus domesticus and Mus spretus.

We have applied EM in situ hybridization (EMISH) and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to samples from diploid primary cell cultures and an established cell line to examine in detail the relative organization of the major and minor satellite DNAs and telomere sequences in the genomes of Mus domesticus and Mus spretus. EMISH localizes the Mus domesticus minor satellite to a single site at the centromere-proximal end of each chromosome. Double label hybridizations with both minor satellite and telomere probes show that they are in close proximity and possibly are linked. In fact, PFGE of M. domesticus DNA digested with Sal I and Sfi I reveals the presence of fragments which hybridize to both probes and is consistent with the physical linkage of these two sequences. The M. domesticus minor satellite is the more abundant satellite in Mus spretus. Its distribution in M. spretus is characterized by diffuse labeling with no obvious concentration near chromosome ends. In addition to this repeat the M. spretus genome contains a small amount of DNA that hybridizes to a M. domesticus major satellite probe. Unlike the M. domesticus minor satellite, it is not telomere proximal but is confined to a domain at the border of the centromere and the long arm. Thus, although both species possess all three sequences, except for the telomeres, their distribution relative to one another is not conserved. Based on the results presented, we propose preliminary molecular maps of the centromere regions of Mus domesticus and Mus spretus.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Isolation and molecular characterization of a highly polymorphic centromeric tandem repeat in the family Falconidae.

An abundant tandem repeat has been cloned from genomic DNA of the merlin (Falco columbarius). The cloned sequence is 174 bp in length, and maps by in situ hybridization to the centromeric regions of several of the large chromosomes within the merlin karyotype. Complementary sequences have been identified within a variety of falcon species; these sequences are either absent or in very low copy number in the family Accipitridae. The cloned merlin repeat reveals highly polymorphic restriction patterns in the peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus). These polymorphisms, which have been shown to be stably inherited within a family of captive peregrines, can be used to differentiate the Greenland and Argentina populations of this endangered raptor species.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Construction of fifteen human chromosome-specific DNA libraries from flow-purified chromosomes.

We report the construction of 15 human chromosome-specific DNA libraries. Metaphase chromosomes were purified by flow sorting and the DNA was extracted and cleaved with HindIII before cloning into the lambda vector Charon 21A. A sensitive miniblot hybridization method was used to monitor the physical and biochemical steps in the cloning procedure. Using this method, we have developed a highly efficient protocol for producing large numbers of recombinant phage from 0.2-1.0 X 10(6) sorted chromosomes. DNA from the following chromosomes was cloned: #4, 6, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14 + 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 and Y. These libraries are available to the scientific research community and will be valuable in the genetic analysis of the human genome.

Cell Line↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Insulin pumps in children with diabetes.

Insulin pump therapy or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion is becoming more common. Nurses can expect to encounter a growing number of children who have insulin pumps and an increasing number of questions concerning the general application and efficacy of these pumps. Therefore it is important that pediatric nurse practitioners, school nurses, and pediatric nurses understand insulin pump therapy and its role in the overall treatment of children with diabetes. This article describes the advantages, disadvantages, and alternatives to insulin pump therapy. It also discusses staff expertise, patient selection criteria, and patient education as elements of successful insulin pump management.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The relationship between self-care and metabolic control in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

To assess the relationship between insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) self-care management and metabolic control in school-aged children, 21 children ages 10 to 14 years with a duration of IDDM of 5.5 years (range 1 to 13 years) were studied. Self-care was defined as the activities that children with IDDM initiate and perform on their own in the management of their disease. Self-care activity was assessed by a revised Self-Care Questionnaire (SCQ), and metabolic control was determined by HbA1c levels obtained at the same time the SCQ was completed. A higher level of self-care management (higher SCQ) was hypothesized to correlate with better metabolic control (lower HbA1c). Regression analysis of SCQ and HbA1c supported the expected inverse relationship but not at a significant level. The only significant predictors of self-care activity and metabolic control were experience at a specialized camp for children with diabetes and race, with Caucasian children scoring higher in self-care and having lower HbA1c values than African American children.

Adolescent↗