Complete phenotypic and genotypic lineage switch in a Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
L Luciano
Publications and source records attributed to L Luciano.
Parenteral versus enteral nutrition: morphological changes in human adult intestinal mucosa.
In animal experiments total parenteral nutrition induces an atrophy of the small intestinal mucosa. In humans morphological data are few and controversial. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of parenteral nutrition on the intestinal mucosa of human adults. For this purpose samples of the proximal jejunum of a) patients with chronic pancreatitis receiving total parenteral nutrition as presurgical treatment, b) enterally nourished patients without (controls) and c) with chronic pancreatitis were compared using light and scanning electron microscopy. Statistical differences were assessed applying computer-assisted morphometry. The results demonstrated that the thickness of the jejunal mucosa decreased already in enterally nourished patients with chronic pancreatitis. However, after total parenteral nutrition the decrease (atrophy) was enhanced due to a strong reduction in villus height albeit the crypt length increased. In addition, scanning electron microscopy revealed distinctive changes in mucosal surface pattern, whereby finger-like villi were replaced by leaf-like villi and by long, winding bifurcating ridges. Cell shedding was absent. In conclusion, total parenteral nutrition in humans induces 1) an atrophy and 2) a remodelling of the intestinal mucosa (epithelium and lamina propria) with a decrease in the absorbing surface. These alterations involve both cell proliferation and cell shedding. The response of the mucosa to parenteral nutrition is immediate and the effect of the treatment in bringing about morphological alterations is more efficacious at the beginning than in the successive period. The basic disorder (chronic pancreatitis) of the patients nourished parenterally contributes to mucosal atrophy, but not to remodelling.
Adult↗
The junctions of the spindle-shaped cells of the stria vascularis: a link that completes the barrier between perilymph and endolymph.
It is current opinion that the intercellular spaces of the stria vascularis represent a closed compartment isolated from the endolymph by the tight junctions of the marginal cells and from the perilymph by the junctional complexes of the basel cells. However, it has not yet been investigated whether these two barriers meet at the stria margins toward Reissner's membrane and the spiral prominence. Possible candidates for this sealing could be junctions between the spindle-shaped cells. In the present study freeze-fracture replicas of guinea pig specimens fixed in the presence of filipin were used in order to investigate the junctions of the spindle-shaped cells and to localize the cholesterol in their plasma membrane. Replicas reveal that, below the belt-like apical zonula occludens, the basolateral plasma membranes of the spindle-shaped cells adjacent to each other and to the basal cells are joined over their entire extension by a large number of junctional strands intermingled with numerous filipin-cholesterol-complexes. Gap junctions are present in the meshes formed by these junctional strands. Thus, the plasma membrane of the spindle-shaped cells shows morphological and cytochemical characteristics which indicate that they are the anatomical components completing the barrier isolating the intrastrial compartment from the surrounding fluids.
Animals↗
Modulation of apoptosis by starvation: morphological and biochemical study of rat intestinal mucosa.
Morphology at light and electron microscopic levels, expression and activation of transglutaminase and DNA fragmentation at internucleosomal sites were used as markers to study the effect of starvation on the apoptosis of small intestinal epithelial cells. The cells entering apoptotic programme in well-fed animals undergo many morphological changes in apical cytoplasm involving alterations in actin cytoskeleton organisation which may cause a discharge of microvilli. Some free floating cells in the intestinal lumen show characteristics of apoptotic cell death, e.g. shrinkage of cell and peripheral condensation of chromatin, while mitochondria and lysosomes remain unchanged. Apoptotic bodies are also seen in scanning electron micrographs. During progressive starvation, epithelial cells do not enter the apoptotic cell death programme. Biochemical markers for apoptosis such as increased transglutaminase activity and DNA fragmentation are clearly discernible in normally fed animals. The percentage of cells labelled immunohistochemically by antibody against transglutaminase decreased during starvation while DNA fragmentation was absent. The exact mechanism for suppressing apoptosis in intestinal cells under starvation is not known. However, the data presented here support the existence of such a regulatory process.
Journal Article↗
Identification of gastric H,K-ATPase in an early vertebrate, the Atlantic stingray Dasyatis sabina.
Virtually all vertebrates acidify their gastric contents to a pH between 0.8 and 2.0. In mammals, acid secretion is mediated by a K-stimulated proton-translocating adenosine triphosphatase (H,K-ATPase), which establishes a million-fold gradient of protons across the apical membrane of the gastric parietal cell. The earliest phylogenetic appearance of gastric acid secretion is in cartilaginous fish, and we sought to verify in this class (Chondrichthyes) the presence and distribution of H,K-ATPase in gastric epithelial cells. An antibody against a synthetic peptide based on the C-terminus of pig H,K-ATPase alpha-subunit was localized in the gastric glands of the Atlantic stingray Dasyatis sabina. The C-terminal antibody stained all cells with tubulovesicles and the apical membrane domain of mucous neck cells. In proximal stomach, gastric glands showed the strongest immunoreactivity in cells close to the isthmus; in the distal stomach, strongest immunoreactivity was found in cells at the base of the glands. Oxyntic cells were more intensely immunoreactive than oxynticopeptic cells. This antibody labeled a single band of M(r) 100,600 on immunoblots of D. sabina gastric microsomes. These results show the earliest phylogenetic occurrence of a gastric ATPase in putative acid-secreting cells and suggest that this enzyme shares structural features with mammalian H,K-ATPase.
Animals↗
Further observations on the morphological alterations of the glomerular capillary wall of the rat kidney caused by chemical and physical agents: standard procedures versus quick-freezing and freeze-substitution.
The purpose of the present study was to pin-point which of the various preparatory steps required by different histological procedures (conventional, cryosubstitution, freezing followed by cryosubstitution or replication) induces alterations in the fine structure of the endothelial and epithelial surface coat (SC) and of the interposed glomerular basement membrane (GBM). Samples of rat kidney cortex prefixed by vascular perfusion, and isolated glomeruli fixed by immersion, were used. The results demonstrate a continuous, homogeneous and amorphous SC and a GBM devoid of laminae rarae when freezing is used and followed either by cryosubstitution and embedding or by fracture, deep etching and replication. Postfixation in OsO4, and especially dehydration in organic solvents at room temperature, generate a filamentous SC and a GBM with laminae rarae. The different morphology may be due to an extraction of glycoconjugates from SC and GBM during postosmication and/or especially to precipitation of these components during dehydration by organic solvents at room temperature. Studies on isolated glomeruli show comparable results and, in addition, demonstrate that the distance of the capillary loop from the surface of the block influences the morphology of SC and GBM. Rinsing the vascular bed before isolation does not induce a loss of SC or GBM components.
Acetone↗
Isolated brush cells of the rat stomach retain their structural polarity.
The brush cells (BC) are highly polarized elements occurring in epithelia of endodermal origin. They have a preferential topographical distribution in the organs in which they reside. In the stomach of the rat, BC prevail near the transitional zone separating the forestomach from the glandular stomach. Thus, a method was developed to isolate and recover BC from this organ with the aim of investigating the changes they may undergo after dissociation. Strips of the rat stomach were severed from the very proximal border of the glandular region and incubated in Hanks' balanced salt solution containing pronase. After sedimentation of the dissociated cells (crude sediment containing all stomach epithelial cell types) two successive cell fractions were prepared on performed Percoll gradient in an attempt to enrich BC in a defined layer. BC were recovered in a fraction at a density close to 1.03 g/ml where they represented about 2% of all cells. The isolated BC changed their form from columnar to pear-shaped; however, they maintained their structural polarity over 2 h as demonstrated by light microscopy, transmission-and scanning-electron microscopy. The fine structure of BC was always satisfactorily preserved. Maintenance of the structural polarity of isolated BC is contrary to the general rule according to which all conventional epithelial cells examined to date lose their polarity after isolation. This result is discussed in relation to morphological findings in isolated sensory cells (hair cells, photoreceptor cells) leading to the suggestion that BC are more similar to these than to conventional epithelial cells.
Animals↗
Trisomy 13 in a patient with leukemic progression of myelodysplasia.
Four months after the diagnosis of refractory anemia, a 60-year-old patient developed acute leukemia with blast cells that were poorly differentiated by morphology and clearly myeloid by immunophenotyping. Cytogenetic analysis performed at leukemization showed trisomy 13. An extra copy of chromosome 13 has already been reported in a few cases of acute leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome.
Anemia, Refractory↗
Cytoplasmic GpIIb-IIIa and cytokine secretion by blasts in a case of megakaryoblastic transformation of essential thrombocythemia.
A 49-year-old woman with a four year history of therapy resistant essential thrombocythemia, progressed to acute leukemia that also proved refractory to chemotherapy. Blast cell features including immunophenotype, cytogenetics and in vitro cell cultures, suggested megakaryoblastic leukemia. In serum-free culture, blasts released GM-CSF and IL-6 which sustained autocrine growth and promoted normal myeloid and megakaryocytic colony formation.
Antigens, CD↗
Alterations in the morphology of glycoconjugate molecules caused by histochemical procedures: comparison of renal glomeruli and articular cartilage.
The fine structure of the glycoconjugate molecules was investigated in the glomerular capillary wall of the rat kidney fixed by vascular perfusion, and in the human and rat articular cartilage fixed by immersion. Kidney and cartilage were either prefixed in aldehyde alone (group a), or with the addition of Alcian Blue 8 GX (group b), or Alcian Blue and 0.3 M MgCl2 (group c), or Acridine Orange at a low (0.01%) and high (0.1%) concentration (group d). The specimens were postfixed either in OsO4 phosphate or cacodylate, with the exception of some of the samples in group a, for which a solution of potassium ferrocyanide-reduced OsO4 was used (group e). All samples were conventionally dehydrated and embedded in Epon. In addition, some of the tissue samples in group c were cryoprotected, frozen in liquid Freon (-150 degrees C) or in nitrogen slush (-210 degrees C), both postfixed and dehydrated by cryosubstitution, and embedded in Epon (group f). The present investigations demonstrate that some well known extracellular structures such as the laminae rarae of the glomerular basement membrane or the interfibrillar matrix of the articular cartilage can be considerably altered in their morphology by the histological procedures applied. Whereas the precipitated glycoconjugates, as seen after staining with cationic dyes or reduced OsO4 and conventional dehydration, can easily be recognized, the superposition of the extended molecules, as preserved by freezing and substitution, prevents their demonstration in native conformation.
Adolescent↗
The "limiting ridge" of the rat stomach.
In the rat, the forestomach is separated from the glandular stomach by a fold of the forestomach mucosa which generates the "limiting ridge" on the inner surface of the organ. This ridge overlaps a deep groove which is flanked proximally by the forestomach and distally by the glandular stomach. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy reveal that the keratinized squamous epithelium of the forestomach merges into the columnar epithelium of the glandular stomach at the bottom of the groove. Among the columnar cells of the distal wall of the groove are numerous brush cells. A remarkably thick lamina muscularis mucosae extends deep into the ridge. The peculiar architecture of the "limiting ridge" and the presence of numerous brush cells in its distal wall suggest that the region not only represents the transitional zone between forestomach and glandular stomach but that it might have a more specific function.
Animals↗
Multicentre evaluation of the temporal bones obtained from a patient with suspected Menière's disease.
A multicentre study of the inner ears of an 88-year-old patient with vertiginous spells and severe hearing loss in the left ear was performed, employing regular and block surface preparations, light and electron microscopy with qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the cochlear and vestibular nerves. There was severe hydrops of the left cochlea and saccule. Reissner's membrane extended into the vestibule and herniated into the perilymphatic space of the non-ampullated end of the horizontal canal. Furthermore, the short canal connecting the posterior ampulla with the utricle had a small, exceedingly thin balloon-like expansion. Only slight hydrops limited to the cochlea was found in the right ear. Sensorineural degeneration was much more pronounced in the left cochlea than in the right. The number of cochlear and vestibular nerve fibres was greatly reduced in the left ear where more fibres with degenerative changes were present. In both specimens the number of myelinated nerve fibres in osseous spiral lamina was smaller than that in the cochlear nerve in the internal auditory canal. Changes occurred in the endolymphatic sacs but were considered non-specific. In this case severe, apparently progressive hydrops and sensorineural degeneration, characteristic of Menière's disease, were associated with atypical onset of clinical symptoms at a late age.
Aged↗
Elastic-like tissue, a new component of the renal glomerular capillary wall in a cartilaginous fish.
Elastic-like tissue composed of tubular microfibrils continuous with, and disappearing into, amorphous material is present in the connective tissue space of the glomerular capillary wall of the river ray (freshwater elasmobranch) kidney. The amorphous material is stained by tannic acid but not by uranyl acetate. Structures with similar morphology and staining characteristics are also found in the subendothelial connective tissue layer of renal arteries in this species. Comparative ultrastructural observations of kidneys from marine rays show elastic-like tissue in the arterial wall but not in the glomerular vessels.
Animals↗
Induction of alkaline phosphatase activity in chronic myeloid leukemia cells: in vitro studies and speculative hypotheses.
Three patients with Ph chromosome + chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in chronic phase suffered from intercurrent pleuritis of undefined origin. At that time, leucocyte alkaline phosphatase activity (LAPA) score was low for circulating neutrophils, but high for those from pleural effusion. LAP negative circulating CML granulocytes were incubated with the pleural liquid: after 40-70 hr, almost all were intensely LAP positive. This finding suggests that the low LAPA score in resting CML neutrophils is attributable to the absence of appropriate stimuli rather than to an incapacity to synthesize the enzyme.
Alkaline Phosphatase↗
Brush cells of the mouse gallbladder. A correlative light- and electron-microscopical study.
The brush cells (BC) of the mouse gallbladder were studied using light and electron microscopy (transmission and scanning) to determine their shape and distribution. Specimens were fixed in glutaraldehyde and postfixed in ferrocyanide-reduced osmium tetroxide. BC selectively stained with toluidine blue could be identified by means of light microscopy and subsequently studied in serial semithin and ultrathin sections. The results revealed that the shape of the BC is flask-like. A slender, occasionally branched cytoplasmic process emerges from the bulk cell body and extends through the basal region of neighboring epithelial elements to the basement membrane. Examination of the entire gallbladder epithelial surface by scanning electron microscopy revealed that the BC are numerous in the neck region of the organ but only scanty or even absent in wide areas of the corpus region. Their number increases again in the fundic region. These results demonstrate a preferential regional distribution of BC in the gallbladder, which is discussed in relation to a possible functional significance of the BC.
Animals↗
Gamma interferon treatment in vivo provokes accumulation of activated monocytes in the venous circulation of rats.
Activated monocytes forming intravascular clumps in the veins of most organs appeared in LEW rats after a 3-day intravenous treatment with recombinant rat gamma interferon. Phenotyping in situ and in cytospot preparations of perfusates revealed that the cells coexpressed the rat monocyte/macrophage antigen ED1 and class II MHC molecules. In addition, most cells reacted with a rat CD11b antibody and weakly expressed determinants detected by the W3/13 and Ox22 reagents. Minor fractions of the activated monocytes were positive for rat CD4 and the Ox2 and ED3 determinants. Cell proliferation was assessed by double staining for bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) incorporation and phenotypic markers. Of the ED 1-positive class II-positive cells, 80% were labeled with BrdUrd after 3 days of combined infusion with gamma interferon. Pulse labeling for 30 minutes revealed 8% BrdUrd-positive intravascular ED 1-positive class II-positive monocytes in situ on day 3 of treatment, which contrasted with almost-absent labeling of this cell population in normal LEW rats. It is concluded that interferon not only promotes activation but also intravascular division of monocytes or their immediate precursors. Interestingly, cells of identical morphology and phenotype were observed in the vasculature of rats during lethal graft-versus-host reactions. Activated monocytes may thus contribute to the pathologic consequences of cytokine treatment and severe systemic immune reactions in vivo.
Animals↗
The laminae rarae of the glomerular basement membrane. Their manifestation depends on the histochemical and histological techniques.
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Animals↗
Flagellar cells and ciliary cells in the renal tubule of elasmobranchs.
Flagella or cilia are present on most epithelial cells in the renal tubule of elasmobranch fishes (little skate, spiny dogfish, smooth dogfish, Atlantic sharpnose, scalloped hammerhead, cow-nosed ray). Flagellar cells, those with numerous flagella ordered in one, two, or more rows on the luminal surface, are shown here for the first time in a vertebrate. The flagellar cells are intercalated among other epithelial cells, each bearing a single cilium, from Bowman's capsule to the third subdivision of the intermediate segment of the nephron. The flagella form undulated ribbons up to 55 microns long. In every ribbon the axis of the central pair of microtubules in the axoneme is oriented parallel to the long axis of the flagellar row. This suggests a beat perpendicular to these two axes. The arrangement of the flagella in ribbons most likely promotes movement of glomerular filtrate down the renal tubule. Cells bearing numerous cilia occur in the large collecting ducts of spiny dogfish but without apparent preferential orientation of the cilia.
Animals↗