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Biomedical subjects

L Lao

Publications and source records attributed to L Lao.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Efficacy of Chinese acupuncture on postoperative oral surgery pain.

One of the challenges of acupuncture research is designing appropriate control groups. To address this problem, after surgical third molar extractions 19 patients were randomly assigned to an acupuncture group (n = 11) or a placebo acupuncture group (n = 8). The length of time for reaching moderate pain and pain intensity after oral surgery were recorded by standard patient self-report. The results indicated that subjects treated with acupuncture reported longer pain-free duration times (mean, 181 versus 71 minutes; p < or = 0.046) and experienced less pain intensity than those who received placebo acupuncture. This study provides a model for an acupuncture control that could examine the placebo effect in clinical acupuncture research.

Acupuncture Analgesia↗
PubMed1995

Electroacupuncture reduces morphine-induced emesis in ferrets: a pilot study.

We treated morphine-induced emesis in ferrets with electroacupuncture (EA) for five minutes at the acupuncture point Neiguan (P6) using two different frequencies of stimulation: 1.0 Hz and 5.0 Hz (n = 5 ferrets per group). Both EA treatments reduced the number of emetic episodes (39% reduction of episodes, p < or = 0.05 at 1.0 Hz; 43% reduction of episodes, p < or = 0.05 at 5.0 Hz) and prolonged the onset time of emesis as compared with control receiving no EA. This model demonstrates that under these conditions EA is effective as an antiemetic against morphine in the ferret and may allow for further studies on the mechanisms of acupuncture and emesis.

Analgesics, Opioid↗
PubMed1993

High-affinity L-aspartate transporter in prostate epithelial cells that is regulated by testosterone.

The prostate gland produces and secretes extraordinarily high levels of citrate. Studies with rat ventral prostate (VP) have demonstrated that aspartate can serve as a four-carbon source of oxalacetate in the synthesis of citrate. To achieve this, prostate secretory epithelial cells must contain a transport system for the active uptake of aspartate from circulation. The present studies with VP epithelial cells confirm the existence of a Na(+)-dependent high-affinity L-aspartate transporter. The transporter has an optimal pH approximately 7.5 and is temperature dependent. It appears to be an anionic amino acid transporter capable of transporting L-glutamate but not basic or neutral amino acids. The transporter is inhibited by ATPase inhibitors, thereby indicating its dependency on a Na+ gradient. The characteristics of the high-affinity L-aspartate transporter are consistent with its operation at the basilar membrane for the transport of circulating aspartate into the cell. Castration (24 hr) resulted in a significant decrease in the ability of VP epithelial cells to transport L-aspartate. The administration of testosterone to castrated rats completely restored L-aspartate transport. In addition, in vitro testosterone addition (10(-8) M for 30 min) to isolated prostate epithelial cells markedly increased L-aspartate transport. Both cycloheximide and actinomycin inhibited the testosterone effect. The studies reveal that testosterone is a regulator of this Na(+)-dependent high-affinity L-aspartate transporter. The mechanism of this testosterone effect appears to involve both RNA and protein synthesis. We now have a model system to elucidate this novel effect of testosterone.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Citrate modulation of high-affinity aspartate transport in prostate epithelial cells.

Prostate secretory epithelial cells have the unique and highly specialized function of accumulating and secreting extraordinarily high levels of citrate. Aspartate is a major four-carbon source of oxaloacetate required for the net synthesis of citrate by these cells. The prostate epithelial cells contain a Na(+)-coupled, high-affinity aspartate transporter which permits the cells to accumulate aspartate from circulation against a large concentration gradient. Because of this unique relationship between aspartate and citrate, it was important to determine if citrate modulated the high-affinity transport of aspartate into prostate epithelial cells. The current studies with freshly prepared prostate epithelial cells obtained from rat ventral prostate demonstrated that citrate exerted two effects on aspartate transport. Physiological levels of extracellular citrate (i.e., equivalent to circulating levels) markedly inhibited (cis-inhibitory effect) aspartate transport. In contrast, intracellular citrate at concentrations associated with normal in situ cells resulted in two levels of stimulation of aspartate transport. A 4-fold increase in aspartate transport occurred when the intracellular citrate was increased up to 500 nmols/g, and an 11-fold increase resulted when the intracellular citrate concentration was elevated to 1800 nmols/g (which is uniquely characteristic of prostate cells). The combined effect of the cis-inhibitory and trans-stimulatory actions of citrate was a consistent 1-2 fold increase in aspartate transport. These studies support the concept that citrate is a physiological regulator of the high-affinity transport of aspartate into prostate secretory epithelial cells in association with the unique and highly specialized function of net citrate production and secretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Cocaine and amphetamine modification of cerebral energy metabolism in vivo.

At the time of maximal behavioral stimulation after injection of amphetamine (5 mg/kg) in mice, elevation of cerebral cortical levels of malate in the citric acid cycle and of the amino acid, alanine, was observed, suggesting that this drug has widespread effects on energy metabolism. Cocaine (20 mg/kg), in contrast, produced elevation of brain glucose but not of citric acid cycle substrates or amino acids at the time of maximal hyperactivity. These observations are discussed in terms of the mechanisms of action of these two central nervous system stimulants.

Alanine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical decisions in the use of acupuncture as an adjunctive therapy for osteoarthritis of the knee.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether demographic, medical history, or arthritis assessment data may influence outcome and rate of decay for patients with osteoarthritis treated with acupuncture. DESIGN: Seventy-three persons with symptomatic osteoarthritis of the knee were recruited for this randomized controlled trial. Both treatment and crossover control groups received acupuncture treatments twice weekly for 8 weeks. Patients self-scored on the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and the Lequesne Algofunctional Index at baseline and 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Sample size for this outcome analysis was 60 patients at 4 weeks, 58 at 8 weeks, and 52 at 12 weeks. RESULTS: Patients' scores on both indexes improved at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Scores were stable regardless of the baseline severity of the osteoarthritis. Despite some decay in outcomes at week 12, measures were significantly improved over baseline. With WOMAC scores partitioned into equal quartiles, a strong effect on outcome was apparent at 12 weeks (4 weeks after treatment) related to initial WOMAC scores. The group with the least disability and pain rebounded to original levels to a greater degree than did those who initially were more disabled. The more disabled groups retained the benefits of acupuncture treatment through the 12-week period. CONCLUSION: Acupuncture for patients with osteoarthritis of the knee may best be used early in the treatment plan, with a methodical decrease in frequency in treatment once the acute treatment period is completed to avoid a rebound effect. Demographic and medical history data were not mediating variables.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Physicians' attitudes toward complementary or alternative medicine: a regional survey.

BACKGROUND: A survey exploring attitudes toward complementary or alternative medicine was distributed to 295 family physicians in the Chesapeake region. Physicians were asked about their knowledge, usage of, and training in complementary therapies and what evidence they expected of complementary medicine to aid in accepting these therapies. METHODS: Questionnaires were distributed at three separate conferences of family physicians with 180 physicians responding. RESULTS: More than 70 to 90 percent of the physicians considered complementary medical therapies, such as diet and exercise, behavioral medicine, counseling and psychotherapy, and hypnotherapy, to be legitimate medical practices. A majority had referred patients to nonphysicians for these therapies or used some of them in their own practices. Homeopathy, Native American medicine, and traditional Oriental medicine were not favored as legitimate medical practice. Areas where physicians had the least amount of training were most likely to be considered as alternative medicine by them. Seventy percent of responding physicians expressed interest in training in multiple areas of alternative medicine. Additionally, there was a strong positive correlation between evidentiary rules physicians believed should apply to orthodox medicine and to alternative or complementary medicine. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this survey show a high interest in alternative and complementary medicine by physicians. Some therapies are already being used by these physicians, and training is desired in most areas.

Adult↗