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Biomedical subjects

L L Martin

Publications and source records attributed to L L Martin.

63 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Synthesis of spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4'-piperidines] as potential central nervous system agents. 5. Conformationally mobile analogues derived by furan ring opening.

Synthesis and antitetrabenazine activity of 4-[2-(arylmethyl)phenyl]piperidines and 4-(benzyloxy)-4-phenylpiperidines, prepared as simplified and possibly more readily synthesized analogues of 3-phenylspiro[isobenzofuran-1 (3H),4'-piperidine], are reported. Several 4-[2-(arylmethyl)phenyl]piperidines display antitetrabenazine activity comparable to imipramine or amitriptyline but are two- to fourfold less active than analogous 3-arylspiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4'-piperidines]. Structure--activity relationships for 4-[2p(arylmethyl)phenyl]piperidines are generally similar to the profile established for 3-arylspiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4'-piperidines]. Significant antitetrabenazine activity is associated only with derivatives where the arylmethyl group is ortho to the piperidine ring. 4-(Benzyloxy)-4-phenylpiperidines and 4-[2-(arylmethyl)phenyl]-4-piperidinols and the corresponding methyl ethers and esters display weak to modest antitetrabenazine activity. 4-[2-(Arylmethyl)phenyl]-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine derivatives, at best, exhibit modest antitetrabenazine activity, with the exception of 4-[2-(phenylmethyl)phenyl]-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine which is approximately equipotent with amitriptyline. The results of these investigations allow certain speculations to be made with respect to the role of the furan ring in the 3-arylspiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4'-piperidines] and antitetrabenazine activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Synthesis of spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4'-piperidines] as potential central nervous system agents.

Synthesis of 1'-methyl-3-phenylspiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4'-piperidine] (7a, HP 365) and the demethyl analogue 9a (HP 505) was prompted by recognition of an aminoalkyl(aryl)isobenzofuran moiety common to the antidepressants talopram (Lu 3-010) and trans-10,11-dihydro-5,10-epoxy-5-[3-(methylamino)propyl]-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-11-ol (MK-940). Convenient laboratory synthesis of 7a was provided by lithiation of 2-bromobenzhydryl methyl ether, followed by addition of 1-methyl-4-piperidone and acid-catalyzed cyclization. N-Dealkylation by standard methods afforded 9a. Synthesis of analogues was stimulated by discovery of marked inhibition of tetrabenazine-induced ptosis for lead compounds 7a and 9a. Optimal antitetrabenazine activity is associated with the 3-phenylspiro-[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4'-piperidine] moiety where nitrogen is basic. Modification of this moiety by introduction of large nitrogen substituents or a C-3 substituent greater than H significantly reduced antitetrabenazine activity. A series of analogues with aromatic substituents was investigated; however, few of these compounds were significantly more active than 7a and 9a. Compound 9a was selected for additional studies.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Obstructive sleep apnea: preventing complications.

The patient with an acute episode of obstructive sleep apnea requires critical nursing care to prevent or manage respiratory failure. The author describes monitoring and preventive nursing measures for these patients.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical communication strategies of nurse practitioners with patients.

Nurses' awareness of their communication strategies is critically important both in identifying effective patterns in their interaction and in teaching themselves to improve their patient education techniques. Ineffective communication between client and nurse practitioner can result in failure to improve health status or deterioration of health status when recommendations are not followed. Studies of nonverbal aspects of clinical communication tend to count or average types of communication behaviors over the entire interaction rather than use sequential analysis of these behaviors. This paper presents initial results of a pilot study that used a sequential analysis of strategic roles played by nonverbal communication in nurse practitioner-patient interactions involving patient education. Because there is little previous work in applying sequential analysis, the grounded theory approach was used to identify nonverbal communication behaviors. Routine visits that focused on osteoporosis prevention were conducted by three nurse practitioners. Two visits per nurse were videotaped and analyzed for sequential events of nonverbal communication by the researchers alone and then in combination with the nurse conducting the visit. Descriptions of each visit were developed based upon both the verbal and nonverbal characteristics of the nurse-patient interactions as observed in the videotaped visits. From these, vignettes were created that summarized each nurse-patient visit according to the nature of the clinical communication that took place. Interviews of both nurses and patients were conducted before and after the visits to explore osteoporosis knowledge, goals, and strategies for the visit.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ease of remarriage for females: a cross-cultural test of competing explanations.

Using data on the relative status of women in 93 societies, the authors attempt "to identify and test two explanations for the existence of sex biases in norms governing remarriage. These explanations focus on the benefits derived from imposing restrictions on women's opportunities in the remarriage process and the countervailing power women command to resist subordination and the limitation of their freedom." Results of a multiple classification analysis indicate that "both theories taken together do predict cross-cultural variation in sex biases in remarriage norms. In general, women experience more difficulty than men in remarriage in societies where females have little power in domestic contexts, there is low value attached to women's economic contribution and women have little control over property, control of female sexual expression is high, and the levirate is practiced."

Behavior↗