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Biomedical subjects

L Krebs

Publications and source records attributed to L Krebs.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Long-term outcome in term breech infants with low Apgar score--a population-based follow-up.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relation between low Apgar score in breech infants and handicap in childhood. STUDY DESIGN: A case-control study. A questionnaire to mothers of 323 non-malformed, singleton infants delivered in breech presentation at term, 105 cases with Apgar score below 7 at 5 min and 218 controls. RESULTS: Four cases (4.6%) and one control (0.5%) had cerebral palsy. In infants without cerebral palsy, speech/language problems were more frequent than controls (10.6 versus 3.2%) (P=0.02). There were no differences in rates of deficits in attention, motor control and perception (DAMP), epilepsy, cognitive developmental delay or learning disabilities. Absence of any handicap or disability was reported in 65 cases (75%) compared to 172 controls (92%) (OR: 3.9; 95% CI: 1.9-7.9). CONCLUSION: Even though low Apgar score indicates an increased risk of neurological sequelae, most (75%) breech infants with low Apgar score are without a handicap/disability at follow-up.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1999

Breech delivery at term in Denmark, 1982-92: a population-based case-control study.

The aim of the study was to determine the influence of intended mode of delivery on neonatal outcome in term breech delivery and to identify risk factors at intended vaginal delivery. Based on register data on all deliveries of non-malformed, singleton fetuses in breech presentation at term (n = 19,476) in Denmark, 1982-92, a review of medical records of all (n = 218) cases with Apgar score < 7 at 5 minutes, including intrapartum and early neonatal deaths and 412 controls, was performed. Planned vaginal delivery was associated with a 15 times greater risk of low Apgar score than elective Caesarean section. Low Apgar score was correlated with duration of second stage of labour, but not with age, parity, birthweight, induction, augmentation or duration of first stage of labour. In conclusion, a pre-labour decision on vaginal delivery was associated with a 15-fold increase in low Apgar score. Prediction of low Apgar score in women selected for vaginal delivery does not seem possible before the second stage of labour.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1999

The relation of breech presentation at term to cerebral palsy.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relation between breech delivery and cerebral palsy, considering the influence of intrauterine growth, low Apgar score at birth, and mode of delivery. DESIGN: Register-based, case-control study. POPULATION: A cohort of infants with cerebral palsy born between 1979 and 1986 in East Denmark, identified by linkage of the cerebral palsy register with the national birth register. Discharge letters from births of breech infants with cerebral palsy were reviewed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Presentation, mode of delivery, gestational age, birthweight, Apgar score, type of cerebral palsy, severity of handicap. RESULTS: Breech presentation at term was associated with a borderline significantly higher risk of cerebral palsy than vertex presentation (OR 1.56; 95% CI 0.9-2.4). Breech presentation infants more often had a lower Apgar score (< 7 at 5 minutes) and were smaller for gestational age (SGA < 2 SD) than were those with vertex presentation; infants with a low Apgar score, or who were small for gestational age, had a higher risk of cerebral palsy. After stratification by being small for gestational age the risk of cerebral palsy was not related to presentation. There were no differences between breech and vertex infants with cerebral palsy in terms of low Apgar score, being small for gestational age, mode of delivery, and severity of the handicap. Breech presentation infants were more often classified as diplegic (77.8% versus 42.3% in cephalic infants). CONCLUSION: The risk of cerebral palsy among term breech presentation infants does not seem to be related to mode of delivery, but is more likely linked to a higher rate of being small for gestational age in breech infants.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1999

Proliferative and apoptotic responses in cancers with special reference to oral cancer.

The study of signal transduction pathways for mechanisms of apoptosis and proliferation has significantly advanced our understanding of human cancer, subsequently leading to more effective treatments. Discoveries of growth factors and oncogenes, especially those that function through phosphorylation on tyrosine residues, have greatly benefited our appreciation of the biology of cancer. The regulation of proliferation and apoptosis through phosphorylation via tyrosine kinases and phosphatases is discussed, as well as the contributions of other systems, such as serine and threonine kinases and phosphatases. Receptors with seven-transmembrane domains, steroid hormones, genes, and "death domains" will also be discussed. This review attempts to compare the regulation of the growth of normal tissues and cancers with an effort to highlight the current knowledge of these factors in the growth regulation of oral/oropharyngeal cancers. Despite the strides made in our understanding of growth regulation in human cancers, the study of oral/oropharyngeal cancer specifically lags behind. More research must be done to further our understanding of oral cancer biology, if we are to develop better, more effective treatment protocols.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[The trend in induced abortions in Denmark until 1995. Illustrated by the relation to other data sources, preventive campaigns during the last years and the stage of pregnancy].

This study presents a review of the trend in the Danish abortion rate, with a view to prevention campaigns and introduction of electronic registration of abortions through the National Patient Registry. The number of induced abortions has been decreasing steadily since 1975; abortion on demand up to the end of 12th gestational week has been permitted by law in Denmark since 1973. The lowest number ever was registered in 1994 and 1995, corresponding to a rate of 13.7 per 1,000 women aged 15-49 years. The number per 1,000 liveborn decreased from 277 in 1993 to 253 in 1994. The relative number of abortions was highest among women aged 20-29 years, and in the capital area. Since 1993 the health authorities have strengthened campaigns to reduce the number of unplanned pregnancies, primarily focusing on younger women and with special programs in the capital area. The reduction for these groups could point to a success of the prevention campaigns, although the rates of terminated pregnancies might be influenced by many other factors.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1997

[Breech delivery. Selection by X-ray pelvimetry].

An attempt was made to evaluate the possible benefit of selecting women for vaginal breech delivery at term by radiological pelvimetry. Information from medical records on 276 singleton breech deliveries were analysed. A total of 188 breech presentations were diagnosed before the onset of labour, pelvimetry was performed in 74 women, where pelvic dimensions too small for recommendation of vaginal breech delivery were found in 30 cases. The overall rate of caesarean section was 78%, among diagnosed patients it was 84% and 64% among undiagnosed breech presentations. Rates of morbidity (low Apgar score and admission to the neonatal care unit) did not differ significantly between infants delivered vaginally or by elective caesarean section. The material, however, is too small for valid conclusions regarding safety of vaginal delivery of term breech in women selected by criteria including estimate of pelvic size.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Reporting of induced abortions in 1994. A comparison between the data in the Registry of Legally Induced Abortions and the National Patient Registry].

Up to 31st December 1994 all cases of legally induced abortions were notified by the physician responsible for the operation to the National Board of Health and recorded in the Register of Induced Abortions. Following this data, abortion statistics will rely on data concerning induced abortions in the Danish National Patient Register, which includes information based upon the unique personal number of all patients admitted to hospitals. The completeness of the Register of Induced Abortions and the National Patient Register as to induced abortions in 1994 was assessed to evaluate the impact of the change in method of monitoring on trends in the national and regional abortion rate. The complete number of induced abortions was estimated to be the sum of the number recorded in both registers, cases recorded only in the Register of Induced Abortions, cases recorded only in the National Patient Register, and the missing number of registration of induced abortions calculated by capture-recapture methods. Of these 18,429 abortions 96.4% were registered in the National Patient Register and 93.5% in the Register of Induced Abortions. There were some regional variations. In some counties more abortions were registered in the Register of Induced Abortions and in others in the National Patient Register. Considering the change from 1995 in sources of the statistics of induced abortions, analyses of trends in the abortion rate in the early 1990s in Denmark must be evaluated with prudence.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1996

[Local guidelines for delivery with breech presentation. A nation-wide questionnaire].

All 30 Danish obstetric departments have answered a questionnaire focusing on local guidelines for delivery of singleton foetuses in breech presentation at term. Two departments recommended caesarean section to all parturients and ten departments to all primiparae. The criteria for recommendation of vaginal delivery varied, one department used pelvimetry, one did not attempt external version, ten did not permit induction of labour. All departments except two always had a specialist in obstetrics present at the delivery, 24 (of 28 departments) an anaesthetist and 20 a paediatrician. The complexity in criteria and organisation reported is not surprising considering different recommendations in the literature, which means that the guidelines are primarily based on traditions and personal experience.

Breech Presentation↗
PubMed1995

Breech at term--mode of delivery? A register-based study.

BACKGROUND: The present study was designed to determine neonatal mortality and morbidity in non-malformed singleton term infants delivered in breech presentation and identify a possible correlation between outcome on the one hand and mode of delivery, parity and birth weight on the other. METHODS: Register-based cohort study of all (n = 15718) singleton term breech deliveries of non-malformed infants in Denmark 1982-1990. Process and outcome measures: mode of delivery, gestational age, birth weight, congenital malformations, intrapartum death, Apgar scores and early neonatal death. RESULTS: A total of 3247 (20.7%) term infants were delivered vaginally, 7106 (45.3%) by elective and 5356 (34.1%) by emergency cesarean section. Infants delivered vaginally and by emergency cesarean section had significantly higher rates of mortality (intrapartum and early neonatal death) and morbidity (low Apgar scores) when compared to those delivered by elective cesarean section. In vaginal deliveries, parity was not correlated with outcome, but infants with a birth weight above 4000 grams had significantly higher rates of low Apgar scores. CONCLUSIONS: Register data on singleton term breech deliveries imply that vaginal delivery is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. However, validation of data and additional information from the medical records are needed before a recommendation of whether selection of parturients, structure of perinatal care or professional skills need to be improved, or all singleton term infants in breech presentation should be delivered by cesarean section.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1994

[Technique of induced abortion, abrasion and vacuum extraction. Clinical trial of Ambu Twin Pump 1000].

Ambu Twin Pump 1000 is a suction pump designed for pharyngeal and tracheal suction in emergency situations. The pump can be operated by foot or by hand. The object of this test was to evaluate the applicability of the pump in performing legal abortion (before 13th. week), suction curettage and vacuum extraction, in places where electricity is not available; thus especially for use in Third World countries. The evaluation of the pump concerned the suction capacity, the stability on the support and finally ease of dismantling and cleaning. It is concluded that Ambu Twin Pump 1000 are easy to use and has sufficient suction capacity for the mentioned purposes. For induced abortion the pump was provided with a 200 ml reservoir for cleaning purposes.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1991

Measles immunity among community hospital employees.

OBJECTIVE: To define measles immunity rates among employees at 2 hospitals during a community outbreak in 1990. DESIGN: Cohort survey using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and questionnaire. SETTING: Two community hospitals. PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-six percent of 2,060 employees. RESULTS: Seven percent (115/1566) of participants lacked ELISA-defined measles immunity. Among employees whose ages were known, 14% (64/467) of those born after 1956 and 5% (50/1086) of those born before 1957 lacked serologic evidence of immunity. Fifty-eight percent of the susceptible persons had substantial patient contact. With ELISA results as the reference for immunity, the predictive value of an undocumented positive history of measles disease or vaccination was 95%; the predictive value of a negative history of both was 52%. Measles developed in 7 employees. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial number of hospital employees lacked ELISA-defined measles immunity, including many who had patient contact or who had been born before 1957. Undocumented disease and vaccination histories were not adequate predictors of serologic status. This study supports the recommendations and suggestions of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee that hospitals should require documented evidence of measles immunity from employees who have patient contact.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The constancy of the relation between pressure and flow in the upper urinary tract of the pig.

The long-term constancy of the pressure-flow relationship of the upper urinary tract of the pig was studied in 8 pyeloureteral units and the short-term constancy in 10 units. No constancy was found for neither pelvic baseline pressure nor for pelvic perfusion pressure with an interval of 10 weeks. Pelvic pressure is a very unstable parameter with time but variating within the normal range. Contrarily, a good constancy was found for both baseline and perfusion pressure when 3 consecutive pressure-flow procedures performed with an interval of 30 min were compared to each other. It is concluded that the short-term constancy of the pressure-flow relationship may allow in vivo investigations of the function--if any--of drugs upon the pyeloureter.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Thermal destruction of benzene.

The thermal destruction of benzene in methane/air flue gas is studied experimentally using an atmospheric laminar flow reactor in laboratory scale. The reactor is operated at four different fuel equivalent ratios (phi = 0.06, 0.1,0.5, 3.7), and temperatures in the range from 850 to 973 K and realises a residence time of 5 s. Stable-species concentrations are measured by gas chromatography (GC) and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), where phenol, acetylene, formaldehyde, acrolein, methane and acetaldehyde are the major hydrocarbon products besides CO and CO2. The augmentation of the temperature from 850 to 973 K increases the benzene conversion rate from 55% to 99%. The experimental results for one fuel equivalent ratio (phi = 0.5) are compared to the benzene model proposed by Emdee et al. (J. Phys. Chem. 92 (1992) 2151-2161). A fair agreement is observed for the benzene consumption and the CO production throughout the temperature range considered here. The small hydrocarbons are not very well matched, which requires further research on the sub-models. Our experimental results on laboratory scale provide a database for the modelling of benzene oxidation in waste incinerators.

Journal Article↗