Biomedical subjects

L Kobzik

Publications and source records attributed to L Kobzik.

168 records · Page 10Linked to original sources

PubMed1984

Monoclonal antibody to an alveolar macrophage surface antigen in hamsters.

A conventionally produced antibody specific for hamster lung macrophages was prepared by immunizing guinea pigs with lung macrophages from LSH (inbred) hamsters. Specificity was achieved by absorbing the resulting serum with hamster blood cells and peritoneal macrophages. This antibody was used to precipitate antigen from detergent lysates of hamster lung macrophages. To produce monoclonal antibodies, F1 hybrids of Balb C X C57Bl6 mice were immunized with these immunoprecipitates. Fusion of splenic lymphocytes from these mice with NS-1 myeloma cells produced 4 hybrid cell lines. Subcloning yielded 18 lines producing antibody reacting only with lung macrophages, and 2 lines secreting nonreactive antibody. Screening used lung and peritoneal macrophages and an ELISA assay. Using gel electrophoresis and lysates of 125I-labeled lung macrophages, all 18 lines reacted with the same antigen, a protein of 102,000 daltons. Subclasses of these monoclonal antibodies included IgG2b kappa and IgG1 kappa. Quantitative ELISA assays showed that the antibody reacted with lung macrophages of LSH and LVG (outbred) hamsters, but not with hamster resident peritoneal macrophages, spleen cells, or bone marrow cells. The antibody did not cross-react with lung or resident peritoneal macrophages from mice, rats, or guinea pigs. By flow cytometry, no reaction was detected with resident, thioglycollate-elicited, or BCG-stimulated peritoneal macrophages. When frozen sections of lung and other organs were examined by indirect immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase methods, only alveolar macrophages were stained.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

Demonstration of an idiotypic antigen on a monoclonal cold agglutinin and on its isolated heavy and light chains.

A potent anti-idiotype serum produced in a rabbit immunized with the isolated heavy chains of an IgM cold agglutinin "Col" was rendered specific by solid-state adsorptions. The anit-Col idiotype was shown to bind specifically to both isolated Col heavy (mu) and light (kappa) chains as well as to intact Col IgM by three methods: (i) reversal of anti-idiotype inhibition of Col cold agglutinin in an automated hemagglutination-inhibition assay system; (ii) adsorption of the anti-idiotype by affinity gels consisting of Col IgM, mu, or kappa chains covalently coupled to Sepharose 2B; (iii) binding of Col IgM and its isolated chains by an anti-idiotype affinity gel. Fragments of Col light chain lacking constant region determinants but still capable of inhibiting anti-idiotype were produced by limited pepsin digestion of the light chains. The finding of shared idiotypic determinants on isolated heavy and light chains of a monoclonal antibody suggests that these chains share a common sequence in a hypervariable region. As an extension of the gene insertion theory of Wu and Kabat, we postulate that genes coding for hypervariable regions may be available for insertion into the DNA for both heavy and light chains.

Agglutinins↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The role of complement and natural antibody in intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Activation of the complement cascade is central to many types of injury. Ischemia-reperfusion is an important example of such an event. Using intestinal ischemia-reperfusion as a model, we have further elucidated the importance and mechanism of this activation. Of novel importance is the evidence that natural antibody is a trigger for these events via recognition of self-antigen. In this article, we review the role of natural antibody and complement in intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. It is hoped that this study will ultimately lead to better understanding of these important modulators and their role in this type of injury.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Particulate air pollution and asthma: a review of epidemiological and biological studies.

The link between exposure to air pollution and exacerbation of asthma symptoms has been investigated by epidemiological study and by direct biological experimentation. In asthmatics, epidemiological studies generally show a positive correlation between the particulate fraction of air pollution and increased morbidity, although roles for other co-pollutants (for example, ozone) are implicated as well. Direct experimentation using air pollutants, especially particles, to investigate their effects on humans or on animal models of asthma provides corroboration of the epidemiology and has begun to identify the pathophysiological mechanisms involved. We begin this review with an overview of air pollution, followed by a survey of the epidemiological and experimental data regarding air pollution particles and asthma. We finish with a discussion of directions for future research.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Lung epithelial cell (A549) interaction with unopsonized environmental particulates: quantitation of particle-specific binding and IL-8 production.

The A549 cell line was used to model in vitro the interaction of alveolar epithelium with environmental particulates. Confocal and electron microscopy demonstrated A549 binding and internalization of titanium dioxide (TiO2), iron oxide (Fe2O3), concentrated ambient air particulates (CAPs), and the fibrogenic particle alpha-quartz. Flow cytometry allowed quantitation of particle binding by measuring increased right angle light scatter (RAS) (TiO2) [40 micrograms/mL], Fe2O3 [100 micrograms/mL], alpha-quartz [200 micrograms/mL], or CAPs [40 micrograms/mL] fold increase RAS: 8.1 +/- 0.9, 4.3 +/- 0.4, 2 +/- 0.1, 1.6 +/- 0.1, respectively). With this quantitative assay, binding of particle was found to be calcium-dependent for TiO2 and Fe2O3 (% inhibition, 61.0 +/- 1.9, 40.0 +/- 5.6, respectively), while alpha-quartz binding was calcium-independent. A panel of polyanionic ligands known to inhibit scavenger-type receptors was used to identify binding mechanisms for environmental particulates. Both heparin and polyinosinic acid (polyI), but not the control polyanion chondroitin sulfate, caused marked inhibition of particulate binding by A549 cells (e.g., TiO2 [40 micrograms/mL] binding; polyI, heparin, and chondroitin sulfate: 73.8 +/- 3.5, 75.5 +/- 6.0, 7.5 +/- 6.7% inhibition, respectively; mean +/- SE, n > or = 4), indicating that scavenger receptor(s), albeit those distinct from the heparin-insensitive acetylated-LDL receptor, mediate particulate binding. The particulates ability to stimulate interleukin (IL-8) production in A549 cells was also tested. alpha-quartz, but not TiO2 or CAPs, caused a dose-dependent production of IL-8 (range 1-6 ng/mL), demonstrating a particle-specific spectrum of epithelial cell cytokine (IL-8) response. The results suggest that lung epithelial cell interaction with environmental particles is mediated by distinct receptors and can lead to particle dependent cytokine responses.

Air Pollutants↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The distinction of mesothelioma from adenocarcinoma in malignant effusions by electron microscopy.

To determine the usefulness of the electron microscopic (EM) differential diagnosis between malignant mesothelioma and metastatic adenocarcinoma in cytologic specimens of serous fluids, we undertook a prospective study of 17 pleural and peritoneal effusions from 14 patients. In the nine effusions identified as malignant by routine cytologic examination, EM correctly diagnosed three mesotheliomas and six adenocarcinomas. EM resolved the differential diagnosis of mesothelioma versus adenocarcinoma in three cases in which routine cytologic examination could not. As with tissue specimens, EM cannot be used to diagnose the malignancy of cytologic specimens; it can, however, reliably identify the origin of cells diagnosed as malignant by routine cytologic examination. We conclude that, when EM is used to evaluate cytologically malignant effusions, it can accurately distinguish mesothelioma from adenocarcinoma. This technique will be diagnostically useful in selected cases and may be helpful in avoiding more invasive procedures as well as delays in diagnosis and therapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗