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Biomedical subjects

L Ketonen

Publications and source records attributed to L Ketonen.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

CT in the differential diagnosis between Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia.

A prospective series of consecutively admitted patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) (n = 68), multi-infarct dementia (MID) (n = 79) and probable vascular dementia (PVD) (n = 46) were studied by CT of the head. In MID 88.6% and in PVD 41.3% of the patients had at least one brain infarct on CT, but only one patient (1.5%) with AD. White matter low attenuation (WMLA) also differentiated MID and PVD from AD, especially among patients aged 75 years or less, and with mild or moderate dementia. In all types, brain atrophy on CT had a positive correlation with the degree of dementia. Infarcts and WMLA on CT, but not brain atrophy seem to be of differential diagnostic value between vascular and degenerative dementia.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Dense middle cerebral artery sign: an indicator of poor outcome in middle cerebral artery area infarction.

Thirteen patients with a dense appearance of the horizontal part of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) "dense middle cerebral artery sign" in CT scans taken within 24 hours after onset of ischaemic stroke had considerably poorer prognosis than controls with stroke, but without the sign. A hyperdense appearance of the MCA is known to be associated with thromboembolism, but dense middle cerebral artery sign is also an early warning of a large infarction, brain oedema and poor prognosis in infarction in the MCA area.

Cerebral Arteries↗
PubMed1986

Lumbar disc disease evaluated by myelography and postmyelography spinal computed tomography.

Five- and ten-millimeter-thick transverse axial computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained at lumbar disc spaces in 81 patients with suspected lumbar disc disease. Scans were obtained following metrizamide myelography. CT and myelography findings were compared and correlated with clinical and surgical findings. Postmyelography CT scan was superior to myelography in 68% since it was able to demonstrate even small herniations. It was especially valuable in the L5-S1 space where the wide epidural space can hide the disc herniation without it being demonstrated by myelography. Also other kinds of pathology which may simulate or complicate disc herniation were readily evaluated by postmyelography CT. Although noncontrast CT scans are usually diagnostic and sufficient, the improved anatomical details obtained by postcontrast CT scans, increase the diagnostic accuracy, and selected, complicated cases may need the CT study with intrathecal metrizamide.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Computed tomography of the pituitary fossa in primary hypothyroidism. Effect of thyroxine treatment.

Computed tomography of the pituitary fossa was performed in 12 patients with primary hypothyroidism before and after thyroxine treatment. In three, herniation of the diaphragma sellae precluded accurate measurement of the density of the hypophysis. Eight of the remaining patients showed abnormally increased density of the pituitary gland after intravenous injection of contrast substance which was significantly correlated with the serum TSH-level (r = 0.913, P less than 0.001). After thyroxine treatment the intrasellar density decreased substantially in all but one. We suggest that the observed contrast enhancement reflects increased pituitary circulation associated with the augmented function of TSH-producing cells in response to thyroid hormone deficiency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Computed tomography in a case of ophthalmoplegia syndrome.

Until now the radiological diagnosis of the Tolosa-Hunt syndrome has been made on orbital venography or arteriography. A case of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome, studied using computed tomography (CT), indicates that CT may be valuable in confirming the clinical diagnosis.

Dexamethasone↗
PubMed1984

Cerebral NMR and CT imaging in dementia.

Thirteen patients with different types of dementia were studied with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and CT imaging of the brain. The overall correlation between CT and NMR findings was good. Areas of hypodensity in cerebral white matter on CT were especially well visualized in the T2-weighted NMR images. Hypodense areas were seen in the white matter of patients with vascular dementias but not in those with primary degenerative dementias. Thus, the presence or absence of white matter changes may be an important factor in the differential diagnosis of vascular dementia and primary degenerative dementia. On the basis of NMR and CT findings, it was difficult to distinguish between the lacunar state type and Binswanger type of vascular dementia. It is suggested, therefore, that these two subgroups of vascular dementia be commonly named angiopathic dementia.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Cerebral MR and CT imaging in polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy.

Cerebral magnetic resonance (MR) and CT imaging of two patients with polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing (PLO-SL) showed widespread progressive central and cortical atrophy. Computed tomography revealed calcifications in the area of the caudate nuclei and putamina in both patients. A reduced volume of brain white matter with deep cortical sulci was the most striking MR finding. Rather short relaxation times in periventricular areas adjacent to ventricular bodies were also observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Gyriform calcification after herpes simplex virus encephalitis.

Intracranial calcification simulating Sturge-Weber syndrome is rare in association with intracranial infection. A case of bilateral gyriform calcification after herpes simplex virus encephalitis evaluated by repeat computed tomography (CT) scans is presented. To our knowledge this is the first published report of CT findings in this entity.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1983

Management of arteriosclerotic aneurysms of the innominate and subclavian arteries.

Two patients with innominate artery aneurysm and four with subclavian artery aneurysm are presented. Resection of the aneurysm and reconstruction of the vascular continuity were performed in all cases. No patient died in association with surgery. The complications included paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in one patient and postoperative infection of the vascular prosthesis, necessitating removal of the graft, in another. Because of the absence of surgical mortality and the acceptable complication rate, surgical resection of these aneurysms is recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

An anomalous retrocaval right iliac artery in a patient with an aortic aneurysm. A case report.

A case of anomalous retrocaval right common iliac artery in a patient with an abdominal aortic aneurysm is presented. In addition to being retrocaval the artery also made a wide loop deep in behind the fibres of the psoas muscle, becoming visible again in the minor pelvis. The incidence of venous and arterial anomalies is briefly discussed, and a summary review of the literature presented.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Serial nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging in patients with cerebral infarction.

Seven patients with supratentorial infarction were studied by means of serial nuclear magnetic resonance imaging using saturation recovery (SR) and proton density (PD) sequences. The earliest changes were visible in the more sensitive T1 dependent images (SR) and may reflect the cytotoxic component of ischemic brain edema. Further progress was also clearly discernible in the PD images and may mainly reflect the slower vasogenic component of ischemic brain edema. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging seems to provide a new approach to early diagnosis of ischemic brain infarction. Furthermore, it may elucidate some aspects of the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke in man.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Surgical treatment of acute superior vena caval syndrome. A report of two cases.

The syndrome caused by the acute obstruction of the superior vena cava with central nervous system symptoms as well as with symptoms related to the oedema of the upper respiratory tract is often very severe and fatal to the patient. Conservative treatment is usually of no help, and consequently the palliative reconstruction of the superior vena cava may be indicated. Two cases of acute superior vena caval syndrome with reconstruction of the superior vena cava are presented. In the first case, when a malignant mediastinal tumour (Hodgkin's) was removed, a segment of the superior vena cava and the anonymous vein had to be removed. Following this operation acute superior vena caval syndrome developed and another operation was performed in which the superior vena cava was reconstructed with a Dacron prosthesis. Radiological examination of the superior vena cava 28 months postoperatively showed the prosthesis patent and the patient was free from symptoms. 51 months after the operation the patient was still asymptomatic. In the second case the obstruction of the superior vena cava was caused by anaplastic carcinoma of the upper lobe of the right lung. The acutely obstructed superior vena cava was reconstructed with a Dacron prosthesis. 9 months postoperatively the superior vena caval syndrome recurred and two months later the patient died of lung cancer. In both cases good palliation of the obstruction of the superior vena cava was obtained.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

Herpes simplex virus encephalitis: progression of lesion shown by CT.

Computed tomography (CT) of six patients with herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSVE) showed a deep temporal low attenuation with patchy enhancement after contrast injection in the acute phase of the disease. The involvement progressed in all surviving patients, all of whom were treated with adenine arabinoside.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Metrizamide cisternography with hypocycloid and computed tomography in sellar and suprasellar lesions.

Metrizamide cisternography with both hypocycloid and computed tomography was performed on 23 patients with a sellar or a suprasellar lesion. The degree of an extrasellar tumour extension or the presence of an empty sella was detected precisely. The procedure was easy to perform and the side-effects were mild to moderate in most patients. When used carefully this diagnostic method provides valuable information when choosing the appropriate treatment for patients with sellar or parasellar lesions.

Adult↗