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Biomedical subjects

L Kessler

Publications and source records attributed to L Kessler.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Effect of synthetic prostaglandin E1 analog on aspirin-induced gastric bleeding and secretion.

Twelve healthy subjects were given aspirin (975 mg four times a day) for four days. On days three and four, each dose of aspirin was preceded by a synthetic protaglandin E1 analog (misoprostol, Searle) either 25 micrograms, 50 micrograms, or placebo in a double-blind balanced full crossover design. Bleeding, gastric secretion of acid and chloride, and accumulation of gastric luminal DNA and calcium as indices of cell shedding and mucus secretion were measured by three daily morning gastric washouts, corrected for gastric emptying. Both bleeding and gastric secretion were greater on day 4 with aspirin and placebo than on day 0. With 50 micrograms misoprostol, and to a lesser extent with 25 micrograms, bleeding and gastric secretion were reduced on day 4 compared to day 4 with placebo or aspirin only days. The reduction in gastric bleeding with the 50-microgram dosage of misoprostol was directly related to the reduction in acid secretion. The ratios of changes in acid and chloride outputs did not indicate any increase in bicarbonate secretion. No changes in the recoveries of calcium or DNA were seen.

Alprostadil↗
PubMed1983

[Comparison of different charts for determining the percentage of hearing loss].

Different methods are being employed at present to determine the percentage of hearing loss, on the basis of speech-and-tone audiometry. We scrutinized 1000 expertises on noise, and we were able to show the comparative mutual relationships between the methods employed, on the basis of regression analysis. The methods according to Trautmann/Oeken were relatively better than the other methods, but none of these methods yielded optimal relations.

Audiometry↗
PubMed1983

Modeling denominator populations for mental health care.

Difficulties in using basic epidemiologic survey techniques in estimating the prevalence of disease in the community have led health services researchers to develop alternative methods using routinely collected health care data. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the application of a model that estimates the prevalence of diagnosable mental disorder in a community, including the proportion of untreated cases. A mathematical model is developed based on a well-known probability distribution (the negative binomial) and simple calculation formulae are presented. This model has been used to estimate total practice population size. This paper extends that work by illustrating the utility of the model vis-a vis a specific type of disorder and shows pitfalls when caseness is not well established. An application of the model to data from two studies in an organized health care setting shows that the estimated period prevalence (one year) of mental disorder is between 17.4% and 21.8%. Of those individuals, it is estimated that 28.6% seek no health care during the year. The implications of these findings and the utility of the model are discussed.

Catchment Area, Health↗
PubMed1982

Diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma intracerebral mass lesions. Usefulness of Tc-99m pertechnetate and Ga-67 citrate brain scans.

This paper summarizes the clinical and diagnostic features of five reports of patients with intracerebral, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. In three patients the brain lesion was the only evidence of lymphoma, while two patients also had concomitant systemic involvement. Four patients had diffuse histiocytic lymphoma and one had a mixed type of malignant lymphoma. In all patients, Tc-99m and Ga-67 brain scans disclosed discrete areas of increased radionuclide uptake consistent with a mass. In each case, brain blood perfusion studies were normal and brain computerized tomographic (CT) scans and cerebral angiograms produced variable nondiagnostic patterns. Craniotomies in four patients provided histologic confirmation of the non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the areas of abnormality. The remaining patient had systemic histiocytic lymphoma with concomitant brain lesions that responded to irradiation. The combined use of the above noninvasive modalities in correlation with clinical findings may result in more accurate prebiopsy diagnoses of intracerebral lymphoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Relations between the discriminatory curve in the speech audiogram and tone audiometric measurement data (author's transl)].

The authors used the multiple linear regression model to describe the relationship between tone and speech hearing in noise induced hearing loss. The authors believe that these mathematic relations are significant for the expert opinion of noise induced hearing loss. Considerable discrepancy between the measured and calculated value might be simulation, aggravation or central disturbances. In these cases ERA should be applied.

Audiometry↗
PubMed1981

Utilization of medical services after short-term psychiatric therapy in a prepaid health plan setting.

Utilization of medical services in Group Health Association of Washington, D.C., was analyzed for patients referred in 1970 for short-term psychiatric therapy under benefits but who had no therapy or referral for at least the 12 preceding months. A matched comparison group and family members were also studied. Medical visits were analyzed in three time periods: the 12 months preceding referral, the next 4 months when therapy was likely to be received, and a final 12 months. Compared with controls, the Index Cases did not show a significant reduction of "offset" in utilization of outpatient medical services after referral, but they did decreases days of medical hospitalization significantly. When Index Cases were divided into low and high users of psychiatric therapy, the former showed a decline, the latter an increase in medical visits, and the difference between them was significant. The before-after change in utilization among other family members was similar to that for index and control subjects. The findings suggest the need to identify the types of patient and the clinical settings which are most likely to maximize the offset effect of brief psychotherapy. Medical care programs should be tailored to meet the different psychotherapy. Medical care programs should be tailored to meet the different psychiatric needs of these and other patients in an effective and efficient manner.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[About the immunologic evidence of tumors in the E.N.T. field (author's transl)].

It is reported about first results of the immunologic evidence of E.N.R. tumors with the help of MEM-tests with application of HEP as antigen. The findings of 31 patients with tumours in the E.N.T. area are confronted with the results obtained from 116 tumour-free control persons and 108 patients with other swelling localisations. The sensitivity of the examinations of E.N.T. tumours was 89.3 p.c., i.e. especially favourable.

Antibodies, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1981

[Evidence of malignant lymph node changes in the neck using scintigraphy].

Lymph-scintigraphic and tumour scintigraphic examinations were carried out on 46 patients with predominantly malignant new growth in the E. N. T. area. The lymph scintigraphy was carried out with 198Au colloid the tumour scintigraphy with 67Ga citrate. Both procedures were used single as well as combined in dependence on the aim.--The lymph scintigraphy gives a statement about the function and the state of the cervical lymph systems under physiologic and pathologic conditions as well as after operation (neck dissection) and radiotherapy. It supports the diagnosis of localisation and gives information about the severeness of surgical treatment of the lymphatic (node) system.--The suitability of 67Ga citrate is confirmed for the positive tumour scintigraphy. It is shown that malignant lymphomas have a greater concentration of the radio nuclide than carcinomas and their metastases. A minimum size of 1.5 cm in diameter ist necessary for a reliable representation. The tumour scintigraphy is valuable within differential diagnosis of treatment of initially unclear histology and of diffusible diagnosis of malignant processes. It contributes to a secure stage division and thus permits a better therapy planning. It supports the control of therapy because of an early recognition of the remaining parts of tumours and recurrence of tumours.--Lymph scintigraphy and tumour scintigraphy are an enlargement of the diagnostic possibilities of tumours in the head and throat area, whereby its combined application is advantageous especially for the exact diagnosis of localisation.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1981

[Animal-experimental examinations on spontaneous regeneration of rhino-basic fractures and dura fistulas (author's transl)].

Small injuries of the dura of the rhino-basis often do not show unambiguous symptoms. Liquorrhoe may be absent or only be present for a short time. There are different conceptions of treatment: active surgical and conservative conceptions. It was proved by animal experiments that small gaps of the dura may close spontaneously by cicatrisation. The experimental results justify a conservative treatment in special cases.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Hereditary disturbance of hearing.

As 40-60% of all heredity disturbances are of genetic origin, it is necessary to apply complex human genetic methods in diagnosis and prevention. Formerly clinicogenetic examinations in most cases only implied the analyses of hereditary constitution. An observation as demonstrated through the examples of several kinships with hereditary disturbances of hearing may serve as a model of complex clinicogenetic investigations. In all cases the diagnosis of hereditary disturbances of hearing must be followed by human genetic family advice.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1980

The lifetime prevalence of mental disorders: estimation, uses and limitations.

The age-specific lifetime prevalence rate of a disease is the proportion of persons surviving to a given age who have experienced the disease at any time during their lives. This measure of morbidity has been used to report findings in many of the epidemiological surveys of mental disorders of the last 30 years. This paper presents a life-table method for estimating age-specific lifetime prevalence rates from incidence and mortality data. The method is applied to Monroe County, New York, case register data on the incidence of schizophrenia. Using this method, we estimate that at least 3% of the White population surviving to age 55 have experienced an episode of schizophrenia at some time during their lives. The difficulties of producing valid estimates of lifetime prevalence and the difficulties in interpreting differences reported in such rates make this morbidity measure of secondary importance to incidence and point-prevalence data.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1979

[Indication and treatment results in elective neck dissection (author's transl)].

Only in about 17 per cent of 129 patients was elective radical neck dissection (RND) carried out in a seven-year-period from 1970 to 1976. In spite of clinical negative lymphatic-nodes-palpation-findings there were 10 observations of histological sured metastases from 22 patients. There occurred especially often tonsil-lateral larynx-entry-and tongue carcinoma of tumour stage T3 as primary localisation. Because of the high seize-rates in the resection-preparations we recommend inclusion of operation in so-called tumour findings more than before in treatment plan.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1977

[Total protein and immunoglobulin concentrations in the parotid saliva of pregnant women].

The content of total protein and immunglobulins in the parotid saliva and blood serum of pregnant women and healthy test persons has been determined by the biuret method and radial immunofiffusion. It was stated that total protein and IgG in the parotid saliva were higher in pregnant women than in healthy test persons, whereas the IgA-levels don't show any differences. IgM was not measurable in the parotid saliva. There was no relationship between saliva and serum immunglobulins. During the pregnancy show the parotid glands another typ of reaction than nonpregnant women.

Female↗