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Biomedical subjects

L Kernoff

Publications and source records attributed to L Kernoff.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1982

Preoperative external biliary drainage in obstructive jaundice. A prospective controlled clinical trial.

57 patients with obstructive jaundice were randomly allocated to surgery with preoperative external biliary drainage (29 patients) and without preoperative external biliary drainage (28 patients). 22 patients ultimately underwent laparotomy after a mean of 11.7 days of drainage and 25 had surgery without preoperative drainage. The postoperative complication rate was low and similar in both groups but complications associated with the drainage procedure were substantial. Perioperative mortality was 4/28 (14%) in the drainage group and 4/27 (15%) in the non-drainage group. There seems to be no advantage associated with routine preoperative external biliary drainage before surgery for obstructive jaundice.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1982

Neutropenia fails to prevent the acute phase stimulation of fibrinogen synthesis.

This study evaluates the role of neutrophil granulocytes in mediating acute phase stimulation of fibrinogen synthesis. Turpentine was administered to neutropenic and non-neutropenic rats and fibrinogen synthetic rates measured in an isolated liver perfusion system. Using the (14C) carbonate technique for the measurement of the absolute synthetic rates of liver produced plasma proteins it was observed that the rates of fibrinogen synthesis of the neutropenic and non-neutropenic rats were significantly greater (p less than 0.01) than those of normal control animals, but were not significantly different from each other. These results suggest that the neutrophil granulocyte may not be of major importance in mediating acute phase stimulation of fibrinogen synthesis.

Agranulocytosis↗
PubMed1981

Sulfonylureas and platelet function.

The platelets of many patients with diabetes mellitus are abnormally sensitive to the effects of aggregatory agents in vitro. It has been proposed that this abnormal platelet function may play a role in the pathogenesis of vascular disease in diabetic subjects. We have investigated the effects of six weeks of treatment with the sulfonylurea agents gliclazide and glyburide on platelet aggregation in 10 noninsulin-dependent diabetic subjects. During treatment with diet alone, the platelets of these patients were abnormally sensitive to aggregation in response to 1 microM of adenosine diphosphate, as compared with those in normal controls. Treatment with both drugs normalized ADP-induced aggregation in these patients. Treatment with glyburide significantly reduced aggregation in response to 10 microM of epinephrine and collagen at 750 microgram/ml. The alteration in platelet function did not correlate with the improvement in plasma glucose concentration, thus suggesting that this may be an effect of the drug. Although one must be cautious in extrapolating these in vitro findings to the clinical situation, this alteration in platelet aggregatory function may be of importance in the prevention of vascular disease in diabetic subjects.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1979

Effects of the sulphonylurea drugs gliclazide and glibenclamide on blood glucose control and platelet function.

Platelet aggregation and adhesion are commonly increased in diabetes mellitus. These abnormalities may in part be responsible for the increased incidence of vascular disease in diabetics. We have investigated the effects of diet, diet plus glibenclamide, and diet plus gliclazide on plasma glucose control and platelet function in 10 newly diagnosed maturity-onset diabetics who had not previously been treated. Before treatment, the mean postprandial plasma glucose value was 13,4 +/- 0,8 mmol/l, which fell insignificantly on dietary treatment, to 12,2 +/- 1,0 mmol/l (P greater than 0,05). Both glibenclamide and gliclazide, when added to the diet, significantly lowered mean plasma glucose values to 9,3 +/- 0,8 mmol/l and 7,8 +/- 0,8 mmol/l respectively (P less than 0,05). Platelet aggregation in response to 1 mumol adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was increased in the diet period, whereas aggregation in response to 10 mumol and 100 mumol was normal. This suggests an increased sensitivity of the platelets to ADP in diabetic patients. The addition of both glibenclamide and gliclazide reduced the magnitude of the response to within the normal range. Platelet aggregation in response to 10 mumol adrenaline and 750 micrograms/ml collagen was significantly reduced by glibenclamide (P less than 0,05). We conclude that sulphonylurea therapy appears to reduce the increased platelet aggregation which occurs in diabetics. This may play a role in the prevention of vascular disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Acute leukaemia.

Current concepts underlying the treatment of the acute leukaemias are presented. Improved drug regimens and ancillary services have been developed and their role in the management of acute leukaemia is reviewed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Studies on platelets contained in eluates following filtration leukapheresis.

Platelets eluted from nylon fiber filters after filtration leukapheresis have been studied. The platelet yield from 61 routine donations was 1.25 +/- 0.18 x 10(11), (mean +/- SEM) corresponding to 1.78 x 10(10) per 500 ml blood processed. Filtered platelets labeled with radiochromate demonstrated reduced recovery in vivo 15 minutes after infusion (38.5 +/- 1.7%) when compared to the control value (68.5 +/- 6.8, p less than 0.001). The survival of those platelets remaining in the circulation after 15 minutes did not however differ from the control value. ADP (10 micrometer, 1 mM), adrenaline (100 micrometer) and collagen (7.25 mg/ml) added in vitro induced less aggregation of filtered platelets than normal control platelets and electron microscopy revealed structural abnormalities. It is concluded that recipients of granulocyte transfusions obtained by filtration leukapheresis are unlikely to be benefited by the platelets contained in these transfusions.

Blood Platelets↗