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Biomedical subjects

L Kay

Publications and source records attributed to L Kay.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

The epidemiology of gallstones in a 70-year-old Danish population.

A random sample of 540 men and women aged 70 years who lived in the western part of Copenhagen County was drawn from the National Central Person Register. The response rate was 74.8% among men and 63.7% among women. Each subject had the gallbladder examined by ultrasonography. The prevalence of gallstone disease was 30.2% and 18.8% among women and men, respectively, being significantly higher among women. Prevalence was assessed in relation to different social and clinical variables. In the univariate analyses gallstone disease was significantly associated with familial occurrence of gallstone disease and high body mass index, whereas it was not significantly associated with social status, childbirths, age at menopause, usage of menopausal hormone therapy, abstinence from alcohol, history of smoking, slimming treatments, and physical activity. By means of a multivariate analysis the history of smoking was found to be significantly associated with gallstone disease when body mass index was taken into account. The significant sex difference disappeared when childbirths and age at menopause were included, which means that clinical variables specific for women in the fertile period could explain the sex difference in gallstone prevalence.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Methods of autologous blood transfusion.

Fear of AIDS has been a major factor in the re-examination of the methods of autologous blood transfusion. Four techniques are currently available, one of which, the pre-operative donation scheme, has supplied 70 per cent of participants' total blood requirements at operation.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

[The value of routine check-ups of patients after radical surgery of colonic cancer or rectal cancer].

UNLABELLED: In this retrospective study, the efficiency of the postoperative follow-up regimen was evaluated in patients, radically operated for cancer of the colon or cancer of the rectum. The follow-up regimen consisted of clinical examination, including sigmoidoscopy every six months, supplemented by an X-ray of the colon every year. Two-hundred and eighty-nine patients were included in the study. Twenty-three local recurrences and 19 new malignant tumors were diagnosed 20 and 13 months (mean) after the primary operation, respectively. About one third of the local recurrences and half of the new malignant tumors were diagnosed at the planned follow-ups. Among these patients, a significantly higher success rate as regards radical operation was observed at the second operation. IN CONCLUSION: more frequent follow-ups during the first two years after the primary operation are recommended in order to improve early diagnosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Behavioral observations of sensory substitution in neonate macaques (Macaca arctoides).

The ability of neonate macaque monkeys to learn to respond to artificial spatial sensory information was studied through the use of compact, head-worn, electronic spatial sonars with audible displays, which translate spatial information into auditory dimensions specifying distance, direction, and surface characteristics. Three animals were born in the dark and raised without vision for 1 to 3 months while wearing either the Binaural Sensory Aid (Animal 1; Kay, 1974) or the Trisensor (Animals 2 and 3; Easton & Jackson, 1983) airborne sonars. Each animal demonstrated alertness to information transmitted by the devices in spontaneous reaching or reinforced discrimination tasks, and more device-related, perceptual-motor activities were observed when the sensors were switched on than when they were switched off. The results show that neonate monkeys can learn effective use of information obtained from sensory substitution devices through unstructured interaction with the environment.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

In vivo measurements of leakage current during transurethral resection.

To estimate the magnitude of leakage current during transurethral resection 3 tape electrodes were applied to the penis and connected to earth through 50 kohm resistances (in order to minimize the current drawn from the neutral plate). A total of maximally 4 mAmp was measured through these electrodes. The measurements were independent of the concentration of hemoglobin in the irrigation fluid, the lubricant applied or whether a Teflon coated shaft was used. The maximum current of 4 mAmp has to pass an area as small as 0.1 mm2 for 0.2 sec in order to produce a second degree burn in the urethra. It is thus concluded that from an electrical point of view transurethral resection is a safe procedure not liable to give rise to any urethral burns. Using an isolated Teflon coated shaft has thus no practical value in reducing the leakage current.

Burns, Electric↗
PubMed1986

Fractures of the tibial shaft conservatively treated.

Strict conservative treatment of fractures of the tibial shaft using traction when there is difficulty in restoring length or axis has given excellent radiological results with very little residual deformity and no serious complications, but only at the cost of doubling the number of days in hospital compared with more recent operative series. For the longitudinal fractures the time to bearing full weight is twice that of the series treated by operation.

Casts, Surgical↗
PubMed1986

Nutritional rehabilitation in cystic fibrosis: controlled studies of effects on nutritional growth retardation, body protein turnover, and course of pulmonary disease.

The effects of a sustained increase in energy and protein intake on weight gain, growth, body protein metabolism, and the course of pulmonary disease were studied in 10 undernourished patients with cystic fibrosis unable to maintain nutrition and growth by the oral route and with declining nutritional and pulmonary status in the year prior to study. A 1-year course of nutrient supplementation using a semielemental high-nitrogen formula was delivered by nocturnal intragastric feeding or as an orally administered supplement; progress was compared with that of 14 height-, sex- and FEV1-matched patients with cystic fibrosis receiving conventional therapy. Supplementation resulted in a catch-up weight gain and sustained improvement in linear growth, with fewer pulmonary infections per year than during the initial observation period. Better weight gain and linear growth than in the comparison group were observed, as well as a significant reversal of the trend for deteriorating lung function. Compared with data from healthy children, 15N-glycine kinetics demonstrated increased protein breakdown and negligible net protein deposition in the treatment group prior to supplementation. After supplementation, synthesis in excess of breakdown, with net protein accretion, occurred by 1 month of supplementation. By 6 to 12 months a significant reduction in the previously high rate of mean synthesis and breakdown was observed, with maintenance of net anabolism. These dynamic changes in whole-body protein turnover reflect a long-term improvement in energy and protein intake, which can favorably affect nutrition, growth, and the course of pulmonary disease in problem cases of cystic fibrosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Influence of rifampicin and isoniazid on the kinetics of phenytoin.

Clearance of phenytoin after i.v. injection of 100 mg was studied in six patients before and after 2 weeks daily treatment with 450 mg rifampicin, and in 14 patients with tuberculosis receiving standard treatment with 450 mg rifampicin, 300 mg isoniazid, and 1200 mg ethambutol daily. Acetylator status was measured by urinary acetylated sulphadimidine. Clearance of phenytoin in patients receiving only rifampicin increased from 46.7 ml min-1 +/- 20.6 ml min-1 to 97.8 ml min-1 +/- 33.4 ml min-1 (P less than 0.01), while clearance in patients on three drugs increased from 47.1 +/- 23.4 ml min-1 to 81.3 ml min-1 +/- 41.6 ml min-1 (P less than 0.01). No significant differences were observed between the six fast acetylators and the eight slow acetylators. Phenytoin kinetics were unchanged after further 3 months of combined treatment. Rifampicin is a strong inducer of the elimination of phenytoin. Combined treatment with isoniazid has no counter-acting effect in either fast or slow acetylators.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1985

Distribution of current during transurethral resection.

To protect the surgeon during transurethral resection (TUR), addition of an earthing lead to the resectoscope sheath has been recommended. In vivo measurements during a prostatic TUR showed that 45% of the high-frequency current returned to earth via such a wire. In vitro tests showed bleeding to have little influence on the amount of current returning through the earthing lead. Since the current in the resectoscope sheath generates heat that may cause secondary urethral stricture, the best safeguard for both patient and surgeon against leak of current is use of an insulated sheath.

Blood Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1985

Adenocarcinoma in the defunctionalized bladder.

A case of adenocarcinoma appearing in the bladder six years after supravesical urinary diversion is reported. The reason for the diversion was chronic bladder inflammation, as in all but one of the 11 earlier reported cases of carcinoma in defunctionalized bladder. The theory that chronic bladder inflammation favors the development of, or possibly leads to malignancy is reviewed,. The conclusion is a recommendation for periodic cystoscopy of the bladder "left behind", and possibly for cystectomy at the time of urinary diversion in patients with a long history of bladder inflammation.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Inspiratory resistance versus general physical training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

The effect of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) three times daily for 6 weeks was compared with that of general physical training (PT) (stair climbing) in 10 out-patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). PT improved 12 min walking distance (12MWD) by 19% (1-28), stair climbing ability (SCA) over four floors at maximum speed by 11% (3-50), maximum oxygen uptake by 10% (2-33), inspiratory flow by 85% (19-113) and improved an index of breathlessness by 44% (3-786). During IMT, 12MWD and SCA decreased by 8% (0-33) and 10% (0-161), respectively, and the other variables decreased by 6-10%. No changes were seen in ventilation during maximum exercise, in maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures, or in variables measured during spirometry. Thus work capacity can be improved by training in COPD maybe because of an increase in inspiratory flow rate, but without a change in maximum exercise ventilation.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Human proapoA-ITangier: isolation of proapoA-ITangier and amino acid sequence of the propeptide.

The metabolic defect in Tangier disease is an increased catabolism of apoA-ITangier. The plasma concentration of proapoA-ITangier (apoA-I1 isoform) is increased in patients with Tangier disease. ProapoA-ITangier has been purified to homogeneity, and the amino acid sequence of the propeptide determined by automated Edman degradation. The propeptide sequence was Arg-His-Phe-Trp-Gln-Gln which is identical to the propeptide sequence of normal proapoA-I. These studies indicate that the increase in plasma proapoA-ITangier is not due to a structural defect in the propeptide sequence of proapoA-ITangier and a defect in conversion of proapoA-ITangier to mature apoA-ITangier. The increased catabolism of apoA-ITangier is due to a primary structural defect in mature apoA-ITangier.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1983

Human plasma proapoA-I: isolation and amino-terminal sequence.

Human apoA-I is synthesized as preproapoA-I, a 267 amino acid precursor apolipoprotein. PreproapoA-I initially undergoes intracellular co-translational proteolytic cleavage into proapoA-I. ProapoA-I is secreted from the cell and was isolated from thoracic duct lymph in the apoA-I1 isoform position. The amino-terminal sequence of proapoA-I isolated from human lymph revealed the presence of 6 additional amino acids, Arg-His-Phe-Trp-Gln-Gln, on the amino-terminal end of apoA-I consistent with the proapoA-I sequence determined by nucleic acid sequence analysis of cloned apoA-I. Our results indicate that proapoA-I is present in human plasma, and undergoes post-translational proteolytic cleavage to mature plasma apoA-I.

Amino Acid Sequence↗