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Biomedical subjects

L Kaufman

Publications and source records attributed to L Kaufman.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Exoantigen test for the rapid identification of Exophiala spinifera.

Exophiala spinifera, one of the etiologic agents of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis, may be wrongly identified as Exophiala jeanselmei because of the morphologic similarity of the two species. A reagent containing a precipitin specific for E. spinifera was produced by absorbing antiserum to E. spinifera with E. jeanselmei serotype 1 antigen. Using this absorbed antiserum, we were able to correctly identify isolates of E. spinifera and differentiate them from those of Exophiala alcalophila, E. jeanselmei (serotypes 1, 2 and 3), Exophiala moniliae, Exophiala pisciphila, Exophiala salmonis, Phaeoannellomyces werneckii and Wangiella dermatitidis.

Antigens, Fungal↗
PubMed1991

Fiberoptic examination of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx in children.

A flexible fiberoptic nasolaryngoscope with color video camera was used to study the nasal cavity and nasopharynx in 243 pediatric patients. The size of the adenoid tissue was judged by endoscopy and classified into three types according to the distance from the vomer to the adenoid tissue. The condition of the nasopharyngeal orifice of the Eustachian tube was also classified into three types relating to the condition of adenoid tissue. Assessment was performed by correlating these measurements with the type of tympanogram, lateral X-ray and clinical complaints. The authors conclude that: (1) Fiberoptic examination allows direct visualization of the size and condition of the adenoid tissue, as well as of the condition of the nasopharyngeal orifice of the Eustachian tube. (2) The size of the adenoid tissue correlates very well with the nasal obstruction complaint as well as with the type of tympanogram. (3) The condition of the nasopharyngeal orifice of the Eustachian tube significantly corresponds with the type of tympanogram. (4) For the indication of adenoidectomy, fiberscopy gives more accurate information than standard X-ray. (5) With a correct choice of premedication and local anesthesia, it is a minor invasive technique which is very well tolerated by children. It is possible in all cases provided it is performed by a skilled endoscopist and preceded by careful explanation to the child. (6) Finally, thanks to the possibility of direct visualization of the fiberscopic image via a monitor, it allows a better explanation of the indication for adenoidectomy to the child's parents.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1991

Acute renal failure secondary to fecal impaction.

A 23-year-old man presented with a massive fecal impaction, and was subsequently found to be in renal failure along with the presence of intraperitoneal free air on x-ray. Following disimpaction, the renal failure rapidly resolved and exploratory laporotomy revealed no colonic perforations. Obstructive renal failure resulting from fecal impaction is a rare but reported complication. In this report acute renal failure is attributed to severe fecal impaction.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1990

Evolution of neuromagnetic topographic mapping.

Magnetoencephalography has developed during the past twenty years with a different overall emphasis than found in electroencephalography. These differences are explored in selected applications. One dominant feature of magnetic studies is a quantitative approach to characterize the strength of neuronal activity, as well as its position within the brain. There is evidence from recent analyses of current source-density measurements in animal models that the deduced peak neuronal strength can also be interpreted in terms of the spatial extent of activity across cortex.

Brain↗
PubMed1990

Oblique reformatting of multislice magnetic resonance images for improved visualization of coronary arteries.

A technique for reformatting multislice magnetic resonance images into arbitrary oblique planes has been developed and implemented on a Toshiba MRT-35 (formerly Diasonics MT/S) imaging system (South San Francisco, CA). This method is designed to allow the user to easily define a new plane by marking with a cursor features of interest on two or three different image levels. These features are combined in the resulting oblique image. The reformatted image can have arbitrary angulation and is created with a pixel dimension equivalent to the original data set. Resolution ranges from the original in-plane resolution to the slice thickness, depending on angulation. An improvement in signal-to-noise ratio results from the effective averaging performed by interpolation. This method is optimally used to correct for small variations in alignment, such as the positioning of the intervertebral disks. It can also be used to generate reformatted images at many different angles from a single multislice data set. This method has been applied to the particular problem of improving the presentation of coronary arteries on a conventional set of multislice spin-echo cardiac images by increasing the visible length of individual coronary segments.

Coronary Vessels↗
PubMed1990

Applications of voxel shifting in magnetic resonance imaging.

Due to the nature of three-dimensional Fourier transform (3-DFT) data acquisition in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the spatial relation between a resolved volume element (a voxel) and the object can be manipulated easily. Those manipulations have practical consequences in terms of registering slice positions with respect to features of interest in producing oblique reformatted images where volume resolution is preserved, and in generating reformatted images that project the viewing plane onto a surface through the object that has an arbitrary shape.

Fourier Analysis↗
PubMed1990

Comparison of cell growth in different parts of breast cancers.

This study was performed to answer the question: which parts of breast cancers are active in terms of proliferation as measured by the Ki-67 antibody and in terms of cell division as measured by the mitotic index. Forty-six breast samples were studied, including 34 breast cancers and 12 benign conditions. The intraductal component of infiltrating breast cancers showed a significantly lower proliferation index than the infiltrating component. The cells at the periphery of infiltrating tumour strands showed a higher proliferation activity than the cells in the core. These findings suggest that infiltration advances through preferential active growth of the cells at the invasion front.

Antigens, Surface↗
PubMed1990

Collaborative evaluation of antigen detection by a commercial latex agglutination test and enzyme immunoassay in the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis.

The Cand-Tec Candida detection system and enzyme immunoassay for serum mannan were retrospectively compared in a controlled collaborative evaluation of antigen detection in 32 patients with candidiasis proven by biopsy or culture from a normally sterile site and with sera drawn within 7 days of inclusion. With a threshold titer of 1/8, which excluded false-positive results in 17 hospitalized patients without candidiasis, sensitivities for all 32 patients with candidiasis were 44% for the Cand-Tec assay and 17% for the enzyme immunoassay. Both assays provided greater sensitivity when sera were drawn within 24 h of inclusion in the study and in the category of patients with invasive candidiasis (57% by Cand-Tec and 33% by enzyme immunoassay). The Cand-Tec assay gave false-positive results (titer, greater than or equal to 1/8) in 4 of 6 patients with transient candidemia, in 1 of 20 otherwise healthy patients with rheumatoid factor, and in 1 patient with a positive cryptococcal latex agglutination test. Three serum specimens from 3 of 32 patients with candidiasis contained rheumatoid factor and gave titers of greater than or equal to 1/8 by the Cand-Tec assay. Detection of serum mannan by enzyme immunoassay was less sensitive but more specific than the Cand-Tec Candida detection system for the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis.

Antigens, Fungal↗
PubMed1990

Comparison of antibody, antigen, and metabolite assays for hospitalized patients with disseminated or peripheral candidiasis.

Repeat serum samples from 22 patients with proven disseminated candidiasis and 42 with simple peripheral colonization were assayed for Candida antibodies by coelectrosyneresis, immunoprecipitation, and A and B immunofluorescence, for metabolites by D-arabinitol measurement, and for antigens by the mannan immunoassay and Cand-tec latex agglutination (mean number of samples tested, 2.5 per patient). For the antibody and metabolite assays, the results showed no statistical difference between the two groups. By contrast, the results of both antigen assays were positive for a significantly larger number of patients with disseminated candidiasis than of those with simple peripheral colonization. Results were regardless of whether the patients were neutropenic. They were not predictive of death. We calculated that the mannan antigen assay had 29% sensitivity and 97% specificity for the diagnosis of disseminated candidiasis. Likelihood ratios of a positive and a negative result of this test were 9.2 and 0.7, respectively, for this diagnosis. In the latex agglutination test, likelihood ratios were 2.5, 1.5, 1.6, and 0.3 when the test was positive for dilutions of 1/8, 1/4, and 1/2 and was negative, respectively.

Adolescent↗