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Biomedical subjects

L Katz

Publications and source records attributed to L Katz.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Endometrial stromal sarcoma: a clinicopathologic study of 11 cases with determination of estrogen and progestin receptor levels in three tumors.

Eleven cases of endometrial stromal sarcoma were obtained from the files of Yale New Haven Hospital from 1969 to 1981 for clinicopathologic correlation and determination of the outcome after hormonal therapy with progestational agents. Histologically, nine of the tumors were classified as low grade stromal sarcomas, and two were of a high grade. All of the patients underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy as the main modality of treatment. Two patients received radiation, three adjuvant chemotherapy, two hormonal therapy (Megace 160 mg qd), three received no therapy at all, and the treatment is not known in one case. Two of the patients who received no therapy had recurrences and were placed on hormonal therapy. The remaining patient was a stage IV and died of disease 3 months after diagnosis. All four of the patients who were treated with hormonal therapy are alive, free of disease, or with stable tumor from 2 to 6 years after diagnosis. The presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progestin receptors (PR) was demonstrated in the tumor in some of the cases; this may explain the sensitivity of this neoplasm to hormonal therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Expression of the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin-B-resistance methylase gene, ermE, from Streptomyces erythraeus in Escherichia coli results in N6-monomethylation and N6,N6-dimethylation of ribosomal RNA.

The ermE gene was cloned from Streptomyces erythraeus into Escherichia coli on a series of plasmids. When transcribed from the lac promoter, ermE conferred high-level resistance to erythromycin and other macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin-B (MLS) antibiotics. A methylase activity capable of N6-mono- and N6,N6-dimethylation of adenine residues in E. coli rRNA was detected in extracts of MLS-resistant cells. In addition, rRNA extracted from MLS-resistant E. coli contained N6-mono- and N6,N6-dimethylated adenine residues.

Adenine↗
PubMed1987

Strategies for visual word recognition and orthographical depth: a multilingual comparison.

We investigated the psychological reality of the concept of orthographical depth and its influence on visual word recognition by examining naming performance in Hebrew, English, and Serbo-Croatian. We ran three sets of experiments in which we used native speakers and identical experimental methods in each language. Experiment 1 revealed that the lexical status of the stimulus (high-frequency words, low-frequency words, and nonwords) significantly affected naming in Hebrew (the deepest of the three orthographies). This effect was only moderate in English and nonsignificant in Serbo-Croatian (the shallowest of the three orthographies). Moreover, only in Hebrew did lexical status have similar effects on naming and lexical decision performance. Experiment 2 revealed that semantic priming effects in naming were larger in Hebrew than in English and completely absent in Serbo-Croatian. Experiment 3 revealed that a large proportion of nonlexical tokens (nonwords) in the stimulus list affects naming words in Hebrew and in English, but not in Serbo-Croatian. These results were interpreted as strong support for the orthographical depth hypothesis and suggest, in general, that in shallow orthographies phonology is generated directly from print, whereas in deep orthographies phonology is derived from the internal lexicon.

Discrimination Learning↗
PubMed1987

Dietary habits and colorectal cancer incidence in a second-defined kibbutz population.

The incidence of colorectal cancer in Israel is highest in European- and American-born immigrants. This is believed to be related mainly to their dietary habits. To investigate this issue further, we compared the diets of a sample of members of a well-established kibbutz (BA), which was settled by immigrants of European origin, with the diets of an age- and sex-matched sample of European-born residents of Tel-Aviv and of a previously studied kibbutz (GB). The diet of the people of kibbutz BA compared with those in Tel-Aviv was significantly lower in poultry and significantly higher in polyunsaturated fats; it also had a higher polyunsaturated/saturated fats ratio. Compared with both the Tel-Aviv residents and the kibbutz GB members, the kibbutz BA members had a significantly lower intake of saturated fats; they also had a higher intake of dietary fiber, available carbohydrates, calories, and many minerals and vitamins. However, the incidence of colorectal cancers in the kibbutz BA population was slightly, but non-significantly, higher than expected, based on age, ethnic group, sex, and calendar year-specific national incidence rates. These results are in contrast to our earlier study in which we found that kibbutz GB had less colorectal cancer than expected; thus, the results of the current study are presently unexplained.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Cancer incidence in a cohort of infertile women.

To explore further the relation between infertility and breast and female reproductive cancers, cancer incidence among 2,632 Israeli women treated for infertility between 1964 and 1974 was evaluated. Cancer incidence through December 1981 was determined by matching the study cohort to the Israel Cancer Registry. The observed number of cancers was compared with sex-age-ethnic and calendar-year, site-specific national cancer rates. There were 42 cancers observed compared with 37.4 expected, yielding a standardized incidence ratio of 1.1 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.8-1.5). Analysis by infertility diagnosis demonstrated no significant excess of total cancer incidence; the standardized incidence ratio was 1.3 (95% CI = 0.8-1.8) for infertility due to hormonal deficiency, 0.7 (95% CI = 0.3-1.4) for mechanical infertility, 1.6 (95% CI = 0.6-3.6) for infertility of the male partner, and 1.1 (95% CI = 0.5-2.2) for unclassified diagnosis. Site-specific analyses revealed a significantly increased risk (8.0; 95% CI = 2.5-19.3; four cases observed, 0.50 expected) of endometrial cancer for the hormonal group and a nonsignificant excess of breast cancer and melanoma. Although numbers were small, women with disorders causing unopposed estrogen production had a risk of 1.4 (95% CI = 0.8-2.2) for all cancer sites, which reached 10.3 (95% CI = 2.6-28.2; three cases observed, 0.29 expected) for endometrial cancer and 1.8 (95% CI = 0.8-3.4; eight cases observed, 4.43 expected) for breast cancer. Among women with nonhormonal infertility, there was a suggestion of increased risks of carcinoma of the ovary (3.2; 95% CI = 0.3-32.9; two cases observed, 0.63 expected) and thyroid (3.0; 95% CI = 0.3-24.6; two cases observed; 0.67 expected). No evidence of an association between ovulation-inducing drugs and cancer was found. This study supports the hypothesis that infertility caused by hormone deficiency is a risk factor for uterine cancer, but is inconclusive regarding breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Olfaction and hemodialysis: baseline and acute treatment decrements.

The effect of hemodialysis (HD) on olfactory recognition and memory function was investigated in people receiving chronic HD treatment. Fifteen subjects were given an olfactory recognition task 0.5 h before and 0.5 h after a dialysis session in counterbalanced order. Ten dialysis patients received a verbal recall task twice. Ten age-matched normal subjects received the olfactory task twice. Results were: (1) olfactory scores in the HD group were significantly lower than control subjects scores; (2) within the dialysis sample, olfactory identification scores were significantly lower after treatment than before, and (3) there were no parallel decreases in memory performance of the dialysis group after a HD treatment. We therefore conclude that those subjects receiving HD treatment demonstrate acute and chronic deficits in olfactory recognition which are unlikely to be due to fatigue, cognitive disequilibrium, anticoagulant treatment or high levels of uremic toxins.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Cognitive profiles of some subtypes of learning disabled adults.

Test profiles of 100 learning disabled adults were analyzed in an attempt to determine if patterns of learning disability subtypes which have been identified in children also persist into adulthood. On the basis of Wide Range Achievement Test reading and arithmetic grade level scores, subjects were classified into one of three subgroups. The classification resulted in finding 32 subjects who were substantially better at reading than arithmetic, 17 who were better at arithmetic than reading, and the remaining 51 with less than a 1.5-year grade level discrepancy between reading and arithmetic. Subgroup membership was used as the independent variable in a series of one-way analyses of variance which tested for differences in performance patterns on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and components of the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery. While results support the view that most learning disabled individuals do not have specific disabilities, results suggest that it is possible to identify relatively small specific subtypes similar to those previously identified in learning disabled children, with some doing well at reading but poorly at arithmetic, and others doing very poorly at reading but relatively better, but not normally, at arithmetic. Cognitive testing of the first of these two specific subtypes revealed particular deficits in visual-spatial, nonverbal problem solving and complex psychomotor tasks. The second subtype did better on tasks of that type, but poorly on linguistic tasks.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1986

Elevated systolic blood pressure as a predictor of long-term cancer mortality: analysis by site and histologic subtype in 10,000 middle-aged and elderly men.

The association of a casual reading of blood pressure (BP) in 1963 to subsequent 15-year cancer mortality was examined in a cohort of 10,059 middle-aged and elderly men. Systolic BP (SBP), but not diastolic BP, predicted significantly long-term cancer mortality occurring in 369 subjects. The covariate-adjusted relative risk (RR) estimated by Cox's proportional hazard model was 1.10 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.00-1.21]. In patients aged less than 60 at the beginning of the study, increased cancer mortality was mainly observed in association with SBP of more than 150 mm Hg. In subjects aged 60 or above, the estimated RR was 1.21 (95% CI, 1.03-1.42). Exclusion of 40 men in whom diagnosis made prior to 1963 or death occurred through 1965 did not alter the results. An excess mortality in men who reported pharmacologic treatment for hypertension while under follow-up was fully accountable by their age, BP, and smoking habits. Analysis by site suggested that the association was mainly due to increased mortality from cancer of the digestive and genitourinary organs (estimated RR's, respectively, 1.20 and 1.26; 95% CI's, respectively, 1.03-1.39 and 0.99-1.59). Analysis by histologic subtype suggests an association with adenocarcinoma (RR = 1.19, 95% CI, 1.04-1.37) but not squamous cell or transitional cell carcinomas, myeloma, lymphomas, and leukemias.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Medical devices.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Beds↗
PubMed1984

Orthographic and phonemic coding for lexical access: evidence from Hebrew.

In Hebrew script, vowels are represented by small dots appended to the consonants. However, in print the dots are almost always omitted, and because a single consonant string may represent several different words (with different vowels), the reader can assign to it a unique meaning and pronunciation only in relation to the syntactic and semantic contexts. We investigated the role of phonemic mediation for lexical access when printed Hebrew words are presented in isolation. Two experiments manipulated phonemic ambiguity by comparing consonant strings that have only a single meaningful pronunciation with strings that have several meaningful pronunciations. Although naming was slower when several pronunciations were possible, these phonemically ambiguous strings were not recognized more slowly in a lexical-decision task. A third study, in which lexical decisions were made for consonant strings presented with the vowel dots, showed that nonword homographs were rejected more slowly than were nonword homophones. These results suggest that in Hebrew, orthographic codes play a more important role in the process of word recognition than do phonemic codes, especially in comparison with the roles played in other languages.

Female↗
PubMed1984

Incidence of lung cancer in five towns in Israel, 1960-74.

Age-standardized incidence rates of lung cancer, based on data from the Israel Cancer Registry, were calculated in five urban areas in Israel during three 5-year periods: 1960-64, 1965-69 and 1970-74. The rates in these towns and during the different periods were compared. For both sexes the incidence was lowest in Jerusalem, the city with the lowest air pollution. The incidence rate of lung cancer in males during the entire period reviewed fell in all towns except for Tel Aviv, where it rose. Cancers of the urinary bladder and of the pancreas did not display these trends. Possible explanations for the differences are discussed.

Adult↗