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Biomedical subjects

L Kaplan

Publications and source records attributed to L Kaplan.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of psychiatric and psychosocial interviews on children.

To test child and parent reactions to direct interviewing, a survey was administered to parents and children who had been directly interviewed as part of two family alcoholism studies. Subjects had been asked about possible psychopathology in the children and about psychosocial stressors that the children may have experienced. For this study, parents and children were asked if the children had been upset by the experience or affected in any negative way. The results show a positive response from both parents and children to all aspects of the interview. There were no serious negative effects. Many parents and children enjoyed the interview, and none of the families indicated that they would not continue to participate in the study because of the questions asked of the children.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The use of systolic pressure variation in hemodynamic monitoring during deliberate hypotension in spine surgery.

The systolic pressure variation (SPV), which is the difference between the maximal and minimal systolic blood pressure (SP) during one ventilatory cycle, was studied in ten patients during posterior spine fusion. To minimize the blood loss, deliberate hypotension to a mean blood pressure of 50 mmHg was introduced by a continuous infusion of sodium nitroprusside. SPV was further divided into two components, delta up and delta down, using SP during a short apnea as a reference point. All hemodynamic parameters were measured at the beginning of anesthesia, 15 minutes after induction of hypotension, before cessation of nitroprusside infusion, and 15 minutes after the end of the hypotensive period. During the hypotensive period (166 +/- 53 minutes), cardiac output (CO) decreased significantly from 4.83 +/- 1.36 L/min to 3.86 +/- 1.07 L/min (p less than 0.05). Heart rate (HR), central venous pressure (CVP), and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) did not change during this period and bore no correlation to the changes in CO. The only variables that changed during the hypotensive period, in addition to CO, were SPV (from 13.1 +/- 4.9 mmHg to 16.9 +/- 5.1 mmHg, p less than 0.02), and delta down (from 6.0 +/- 3.8 mmHg to 9.9 +/- 6.3 mmHg, p less than 0.05). The delta down segment was the only hemodynamic variable whose changes during the hypotensive period showed a significant (p less than 0.018) correlation with the changes in CO. delta down reflects the degree of decrease in left ventricular stroke output in response to a positive pressure breath, and thus is a sensitive indicator of preload.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The acute effects of radiofrequency energy in articular cartilage: an in vitro study.

SUMMARY: The purpose of this investigation was to determine the acute effect of radiofrequency (RF) energy on articular cartilage. Six fresh human articular cartilage specimens were obtained from patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty for unicompartmental osteoarthritis. A jig was used as the RF-energy was delivered to 2 designated treatment areas. These areas included a normal and a diseased area of articular cartilage tested at 3 voltage settings (kilohertz per voltage root mean square), 133 to 147 (setting 2), 161 to 179 (setting 4), and 190 to 210 (setting 6) for 3 seconds. The designated testing areas were marked with tissue dye and processed using standard histological techniques. A scalloped concave excavation with a smooth surface remains at each treatment site. The chondrocytes are viable at the RF-treated sites without alterations in nuclear cytoplasmic nor lacunae structure when compared with collateral untreated areas. In conclusion, chondrocytes remain viable, no collagen abnormalities are detected, and diseased areas are smoothed without further evidence of fibrillation. RF-energy appears to be safe for use on articular cartilage.

Cartilage, Articular↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment for depigmentation resulting from burn injuries.

A new surgical technique to "repigment" skin that has been depigmented by deep partial-thickness burn injuries has been developed and proven to be successful. Partial-thickness burn injuries frequently heal with pigmentary changes. Occasionally, permanent depigmentation is observed, especially in areas such as the hands and fingers. This article reports our surgical technique and our success in using it to treat depigmentation after burn injuries. This new technique consists of superficial dermabrasion of the depigmented region, followed by transplantation of melanocytes via epithelial grafts. With this technique, 15 separate surgical procedures have been performed on 11 patients. The follow-up period for these patients has ranged from 0.5 months to 94 months, with an average of 14 months. The skin-graft take has been excellent in all patients. The color match ranges from good to excellent. No complications have been observed, and this procedure has consistently and reliably improved the disfigurement from depigmentation after these burn injuries.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Biochemical markers of compliance in the Physicians' Health Study.

The Physicians' Health Study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial using a 2 x 2 factorial design to test the effects of low-dose aspirin on risk of cardiovascular disease and beta-carotene supplementation on the incidence of cancer. To evaluate self-reported compliance with assigned treatment, we measured serum thromboxane B2, which is decreased after aspirin use, and plasma beta-carotene in samples of study participants drawn from three geographic locations in three different time periods. Thromboxane B2 levels were markedly lower in those assigned to aspirin (median = 63.5 pg/mL) than in those given aspirin placebo (median = 3,600 pg/mL, P less than .0001). Similarly, those assigned to beta-carotene had significantly higher levels (median = 1,176 ng/mL) than those given placebo (median = 306 ng/mL, P less than .0001). In addition, there was a highly significant positive correlation between levels of these biochemical markers and the self-reports of compliance (r = 0.65 for thromboxane B2 and r = 0.69 for beta-carotene, P less than .0001). These findings support the validity of the self-reported compliance in the Physicians' Health Study.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Critical analysis of results in club feet treated surgically along the Norris Carroll approach: seven years of experience.

We have used the Norris Carroll approach to the surgical release of resistant club feet for the last 7 years. Critical analysis of 33 idiopathic club feet, after an average follow-up of 4 years, by clinical and radiological methods showed 82% satisfactory results and 18% unsatisfactory. The results indicated a trend toward limited plantar flexion in these feet, as well as mild supination that disappeared with walking. The advantage of the dual skin incision approach is easy access to both plantar medial and posterolateral structures. The calcaneocuboid joint is released and emphasis is put on release of the lateral tether.

Arthroplasty↗