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Biomedical subjects

L Kanerva

Publications and source records attributed to L Kanerva.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Delayed and immediate allergy caused by methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride.

Epoxy resin compounds (ERC) include a large number of chemicals, such as epoxy resins (ER), reactive diluents and hardeners. Many hardeners, e.g., aliphatic polyamines, are well-known sensitizers. Another type of ER hardeners are the phthalic anhydrides, such as methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride (MHHPA) and methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride (MTHPA), which have been reported as causing immunologically-mediated respiratory diseases and contact urticaria, but not allergic contact dermatitis. Here, we present a horizontal boring-machine worker who developed allergic contact dermatitis, as well as allergic rhinitis and an immediate contact skin reaction from MHHPA. Patch testing with a dilution series of MHHPA in pet. elicited the following results: 2%, 1% and 0.5%, +2; 0.25% and 0.125%, + (3- to 6-day readings). An immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study also indicated that the patch test reactions were conventional-delayed allergic reactions. Interleukin 8 was observed in the epidermal cells, whereas interleukin 4 immunoreactivity was detected in the dermal cells. Immunoreactivity to-interleukin 5, granulocyte/macrophage-colophony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or eosinophil cationic protein was not seen. In conclusion, the patient developed both Type I and Type IV allergy to MHHPA. The clinical data, patch test results, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic observations indicated that the MHHPA allergy detected by the patch test reaction was a conventional delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction. The patient also had an allergic patch test reaction to para-phenylenediamine and diaminodiphenylmethane, possibly representing occupational sensitization.

Allergens↗
PubMed1997

10 years of patch testing with the (meth)acrylate series.

Statistics on 10 years of patch testing with 30 (meth)acrylates were compiled. Altogether 275 patients were patch tested and 48 patients (17.5%) had an allergic reaction to at least 1 (meth)acrylate. The (meth)acrylates most often provoking an allergic patch test reaction were 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (2-HEA; 12.1%), 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (2-HPMA; 12.0%) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA; 11.4%). No allergic reactions were caused by 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (2-EHA), 2,2-bis[4-(methacryloxy)phenyl]propane (BIS-MA), trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), oligotriacrylate 480 (OTA 480), N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBAA), or ethyl cyanoacrylate (ECA). The frequency of allergic patch test reactions presented cannot be considered as a "ranking" list of the most sensitizing (meth)acrylate compounds. In order to be able to judge the sensitization capacity of various (meth)acrylate compounds in humans, it would be necessary to have detailed information on the exposure history of the patients studied, including the purity of the (meth)acrylate compounds. Currently, this is not possible because (meth)acrylate-containing products regularly contain undeclared (meth)acrylate compounds.

Allergens↗
PubMed1997

Nasal provocation test in the diagnostics of hairdressers' occupational rhinitis.

Hairdressers are exposed daily at their work to many different hair chemicals and dandruff. The work-related nasal symptoms are common, especially with hair bleaching and striping. There are some reports on hairdressers asthma, but publications concerning occupational rhinitis among hairdressers are very few. The purpose of this study is to investigate the work-related rhinitis symptoms of hairdressers, and to study whether nasal provocation tests (NPTs) can be applied in diagnostics. The study subjects were 40 hairdressers having work-related rhinitis symptoms. Detailed work and exposure histories and work-related symptoms were inquired of using a questionnaire. Prick tests were done. Altogether 142 NPTs were done: 40 placebo, 36 dandruff, 35 ammonium persulphate (APS), and 31 ammonium thioglycolate (ATG). To register the nasal response rhinorrhea and nasal blockage were scored. In 3 allergen NPTs there was an essential change in the nasal status: in 2 APS and in 1 dandruff tests. Three patients were diagnosed as having an occupational rhinitis. The low number of positive reactions in NPTs and few positive reactions in skin prick tests verified that immediate allergy caused by hairdressers' work substances is uncommon. However, in cases of clear work-related rhinitis, there is a need to perform examinations to find the probable allergy.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric purity analysis of acrylates and methacrylates used as patch test substances.

BACKGROUND: To make a correct diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis, patch testing needs to be performed, and the patch test substances need to be pure. OBJECTIVE: We wanted to study how pure commercial (meth)acrylic patch test substances are. METHODS: The purity of (meth)acrylic patch test substances (diacrylates, dimethacrylates, and triacrylates) dissolved in acetone was determined by gas chromatography. The impurities were identified by mass spectrometry in both electron impact and chemical ionization mode. RESULTS: The analyzed dimethacrylates were very pure (97% to 99%). The purity of the three studied diacrylates were 81% to 91%, but tripropyleneglycol diacrylate (81% pure) contained as much as 13% of tripropyleneglycol monoacrylate. The purities of the triacrylates were 82% to 86%. All diacrylates and triacrylates contained 1% to 13% of the corresponding hydroxyacrylates. CONCLUSION: The impurities may result in false interpretation of the patch test results, and accordingly in wrong diagnosis. If the patch test substance is impure, at least, the chemical impurities that can be detected by gas chromatography should be measured and reported in a certificate of analysis, preferably from each batch.

Acrylates↗
PubMed1997

Immediate and delayed skin allergy from cow dander.

BACKGROUND: Cow dander is the most common cause of occupational contact urticaria in Finland. Occasionally cow dander also causes allergic contact dermatitis, which can be revealed by patch testing with cow dander. OBJECTIVE: A patient with a combined type I and type IV allergy to cow dander is the subject of this report. RESULTS: She had intense pruritus, whealing, and severe dermatitis, but no respiratory symptoms. Skin tests and radioallergosorbent test indicated that she had both type I and type IV allergy to cow dander. CONCLUSION: Increasing numbers of cases with both type I and type IV allergy are reported, but the mechanism is not clear. In our clinic, we classify immediate reactions as contact urticaria if the clinical picture involves whealing, and as protein contact dermatitis if dermatitis dominates the clinical picture. If delayed allergic patch test results are obtained, we consider it allergic contact dermatitis.

Allergens↗
PubMed1997

Contact allergy and cross-reactions caused by prilocaine.

BACKGROUND: Allergic contact dermatitis from local amide anesthetics such as lidocaine (Xylocaine), bupivacaine (Marcaine, Bicain), mepivacaine (Carbocaine), etidocaine (Duranest), and prilocaine (Citanest) is rare. Allergic contact dermatitis from prilocaine has been reported only from EMLA cream. OBJECTIVES: We report on a patient sensitized from prilocaine used as a local infiltration anesthetic. METHODS: Conventional patch testing with various local amide anesthetics as well as intracutaneous tests with amide anesthetics were performed. RESULTS: Patch testing with EMLA cream (as is) (Astra, Sweden), containing prilocaine and lidocaine provoked an allergic patch test reaction, whereas patch testing with lidocaine was negative. Patch testing with Citanest containing 2% prilocaine and adrenaline was positive. Also articaine gave an allergic patch test reaction, whereas mepivacaine, benzocaine, and caine-mix were negative. Intracutaneous tests with prilocaine and articaine were positive. CONCLUSION: Our patient had been sensitized from prilocaine and cross-reacted to articaine, but not to other amide anesthetics. Cross-reactions between prilocaine and amide anesthetics were reviewed. As there seem to be no clear rules regarding cross-reactivity among various amide anesthetics, it is safest to test as many amide type anesthetics as possible in case of a delayed type allergy to any member of this family.

Anesthetics, Local↗
PubMed1996

Nickel allergy in adolescents in relation to orthodontic treatment and piercing of ears.

The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of nickel hypersensitivity in adolescents in relation to sex, onset, duration and type of orthodontic treatment, and the age at which ears were pierced. The subjects were 700 Finnish adolescents, from 14 to 18 years of age, of which 476 (68%) had a history of orthodontic treatment with metallic appliances. The study consisted of patch-testing for a nickel allergy and a patient history obtained by a questionnaire and from patient record. The frequency of nickel sensitization in the whole group was 19%. Nickel allergy was significantly more often found in girls (30%) than in boys (3%) and in subjects with pierced ears (31%) than in those with no piercing of ears (2%). Orthodontic treatment did not seem to affect the prevalence of nickel sensitization. None of the girls who were treated with fixed orthodontic appliances before ear piercing showed hypersensitivity to nickel, whereas 35% of the girls who had experienced ear piercing before the onset of orthodontic treatment were sensitized to nickel. The results suggest that orthodontic treatment does not seem to increase the risk for nickel hypersensitivity. Rather, the data suggests that treatment with nickel-containing metallic orthodontic appliances before sensitization to nickel (ear piercing) may have reduced the frequency of nickel hypersensitivity.

Adolescent↗