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Biomedical subjects

L Körner

Publications and source records attributed to L Körner.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Pressure recording in the subacromial bursa.

The microcapillary infusion (MCI) technique was evaluated in monitoring pressure in the subacromial bursa in 30 shoulders in healthy volunteers. The total pressure in the bursa was studied as the volunteers held their arms at rest and as they lifted their arms and held them lifted with or without a weight of 1 kg in the hands. The pressure in the bursae at rest averaged 8 mm Hg and was found stable during a 40-min period. When the arms were lifted, the average bursa pressure increased from 8 to 39 mm Hg. As the arms were held up, the weights were put in the hands, and the average bursa pressure then further increased to 56 mm Hg. When the infusion catheters were repeatedly flushed, during a period of 5 min and with a total of 1.2 ml of saline, the average bursa pressure doubled regardless of arm position and load in the hands. The compliance of the bursae decreased from 0.09 to 0.04 ml/mm Hg when the arms were lifted and from 0.04 to 0.02 ml/mm Hg when the arms were lifted and the hands were loaded. The MCI method was found suitable for recording pressure in the subacromial bursa during exercise.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Intramuscular pressure and muscle blood flow during exercise in chronic compartment syndrome.

In nine patients with chronic compartment syndrome, the intramuscular pressure and muscle blood flow during constant dynamic exercise was studied by the microcapillary infusion method and by the 133-xenon clearance technique. Although muscle blood flow was normal at the start of exercise, pain and impaired muscle function eventually developed; muscle blood flow decreased while muscle relaxation pressure increased. The changes of muscle blood flow could not be correlated with any change of mean muscle pressure during exercise. Eight months after fasciotomy the exercise test was repeated. Patients experienced no symptoms and the muscle relaxation pressure and blood flow during exercise were normal. It is suggested that chronic compartment syndrome is due to increased muscle relaxation pressure during exercise which causes decreased muscle blood flow, leading to ischaemic pain and impaired muscle function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Hip joint pressure after femoral neck fracture.

The hip joint pressure in 40 patients with intracapsular femoral neck fractures was measured on the fracture table prior to surgery. All but 1 patient had pressures well below 20 mmHg with the hip unreduced. When the hip was extended and internally rotated, the pressure rose to values exceeding the normal arteriolar pressure in most patients, with a peak pressure of 135 mmHg. In nine of 22 Garden IV fractures, the pressure remained low despite extension and inward rotation. Injection of contrast medium in three of these hips indicated a rupture of the joint capsule. The pressure response to extension and internal rotation was less marked in fractures older than 72 hours. The findings do not support the hypothesis that a hip-joint tamponade is a common etiologic factor for the development of femoral head necrosis following fracture. However, prolonged reduction maneuvers with the hip joint in extension and internal rotation can create intracapsular pressures high enough to temporarily jeopardize the circulation of the femoral head.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Tibial condylar fractures. A twenty-year follow-up.

In a series of 260 fractures of one or both tibial condyles that were treated at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery I, Sahlgren Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden, between 1959 and 1965, the main indication for surgical treatment was clinical evidence of instability of the extended knee joint. Two hundred and four of the patients were followed for 7.3 years and the results were presented in 1973. A longer follow-up of twenty years on 102 of these 204 patients is reported in this paper. The distributions of fracture types and treatments were similar in the two series and, in general, the results were unchanged. Ninety per cent of the patients achieved an excellent or good result and 10 per cent achieved a fair or poor result. The inferior results were seen in the unstable split-depressed and depressed fractures in which a depression of the articular surface of more than ten millimeters persisted. The results of this study support the conclusions that were made in 1973: that patients without clinical impairment of lateral or medial stability of the extended knee joint should be treated non-operatively, irrespective of the roentgenographic appearance of the fracture, and that those with an unstable knee joint should be treated operatively. We have achieved satisfactory results after percutaneous cerclage wiring in split fractures and after open reduction and bone-grafting in split-depressed and depressed fractures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Relation of intramuscular pressure to the force output and myoelectric signal of skeletal muscle.

The force output of the biceps brachii muscle during static isometric contractions was studied in 26 arms of 23 subjects in relation to the simultaneously recorded level of the electromyogram (EMG) and the intra-muscular pressure (IMP). The EMG was picked up with wire electrodes and the IMP recorded through wick catheters or by infusion technique. The load at the wrist was monitored using a force transducer. A near linear relationship with correlation coefficients exceeding 0.96 was shown between the load on the wrist on the one hand and IMP and EMG on the other. The regression coefficients of the relation between the load and IMP or EMG varied considerably between individuals and between different measuring points in the same individual. In cases where the correlation between the wrist load on one hand and the IMP and EMG on the other was poor because of varying synergistic interaction between the flexor muscles, the EMG and IMP were always well correlated. This means that they change in the same way when the mechanical output of the muscle varies. This was also the case in three experiments where the IMP and EMG from all three elbow flexors were recorded while the subjects changed from a supinated to a pronated position supporting a constant load on the wrist. Considering these observations we present indirect evidence that IMP and the level of the EMG signal both are good estimators of isolated muscular force under isometric static conditions and over limited time.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The relation between spectral changes of the myoelectric signal and the intramuscular pressure of human skeletal muscle.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate if the intramuscular pressure generated during an isometric muscle contraction is important for the appearance of EMG spectral changes accompanying localized muscular fatigue. The EMG and intramuscular pressure of the left biceps brachii in eight volunteers were recorded during standardized isometric contractions by means of intramuscular wire electrodes and infusion catheters, respectively. Spectral changes were elicited by a submaximal contraction and the intramuscular pressure at which the induced spectral changes were able to recover was determined. It was found that significant recovery was possible only if the intramuscular pressure dropped below a level of about 2.7 kPa (20 mm Hg). It is concluded that the intramuscular pressure during a sustained isometric contraction is relevant for the generation of fatigue induced spectral changes, and that measurement of the intramuscular pressure makes possible predetermination of whether or not an isometric muscle contraction is liable to result in localized muscular fatigue.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Dislocation of the elbow joint.

Although dislocation of the elbow is a common injury, it has been the subject of very few papers in the orthopaedic literature during the last 20 years. The recommendations for treatment have usually been conservative but in later years wider indications for surgical treatment with ligament repair have been recommended. Seventy-two patients with simple elbow dislocations (38) and fracture dislocations (34) treated at the departments of orthopaedic surgery in Göteborg 1975-1980 were reviewed. Results for patients with simple dislocations were excellent and good in 85 per cent and no difference could be recorded between those treated by surgery and those treated conservatively. Results after treatment of fracture-dislocations were generally worse and only 41 per cent achieved excellent or good results. We concluded that most simple dislocations should be treated conservatively with closed reduction followed by a short period of immobilization. In fracture-dislocations surgical repair of the elbow ligaments should be considered especially when the radial head has been excised.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Fractures of the calcaneus. A comparison of open and closed treatment.

Twenty patients with displaced intraarticular fractures of the calcaneus treated by open reduction and early postoperative motion exercises were compared after 2-12 years with 19 patients with similar fractures treated closed. The two groups were comparable regarding follow-up time, age, sex-distribution, and preinjury occupation. The pain and disability were almost equal in both groups. Three patients in both groups had marked residual symptoms, and equally many had negligible symptoms. The operated patients had less reduced subtalar motion, better ability to jump and run, longer walking distances on uneven surfaces, and reduced forward tilting of the lateral part of the posterior articular surface, but only a slightly improved Böhler angle. Nine operated and eight conservatively treated patients had radiographic signs of osteoarthrosis. Open reduction of the intraarticular fracture of the calcaneus may provide stability, allowing early motion and eventually improved subtalar function. However, postoperative complications are common, and the overall end results of open and closed treatment are almost equal. Primary operation of the fractured calcaneus should therefore rarely be indicated.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Muscular compartment pressure following reconstructive arterial surgery of the lower limbs.

Intramuscular pressure in the anterior tibial compartment and calf circumference were measured daily during six days following reconstructive surgery for lower limb atherosclerosis in 31 patients. Both intramuscular pressure and calf circumference were significantly increased in the operated extremity from the first postoperative day. Maximum intramuscular pressure was found on the second postoperative day. No patient developed a compartment syndrome. Calf circumference increased more slowly and reached maximum on the fifth postoperative day. Following successful reconstructive arterial surgery intramuscular pressure and calf circumference increased most in patients undergoing dissection of the groin and leg, probably reflecting intraoperative damage of lymphatic vessels. In four patients where the reconstructive arterial surgery failed intramuscular pressure and calf circumference remained unchanged postoperatively despite dissection of the groin and leg. Thus, the present study suggests that both impaired lymphatic drainage and increased capillary filtration contribute to the development of increased intramuscular pressure and calf circumference following reconstructive arterial surgery of the leg.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Bristow-Latarjet procedure for recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder. A 2-5 year follow-up study on the results of 112 cases.

A follow-up study of 111 out of 112 patients operated on for shoulder joint dislocation according to the Bristow-Latarjet procedure during the years 1975 through 1979 in four Swedish hospitals is presented. The average follow-up time was 30 months (range 24-60 months). There were seven cases of significant recurrences (6 per cent). During follow-up, further surgery had been performed on four of these. Another eight patients (7 per cent) had experienced occasional insignificant subluxations. In one case neurolysis of the musculocutaneous nerve was undertaken because of postoperative paresis of elbow flexors. The average limitation of outward rotation as compared with the nonoperated side was 19 degrees in adduction and 21 degrees in abduction. There was a measurable difference in strength between the operated and nonoperated shoulders. The results were considered excellent or good by 101 of the patients (90 per cent), fair by eight and bad by three. Of 12 cases with failed surgery before the Bristow-Latarjet procedure 10 regarded the result as good or excellent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Effect of marking laboratory animals on the results of pertussis vaccine potency tests].

White mice used for protection tests with pertussis vaccines when marked with fuchsin before challenge showed reduced survival rates compared with their equally treated but unmarked cage mates. The fuchsin used had been dissolved in denaturated alcohol. On account of the small amounts of marking material applied, there was probably no direct toxic effect. Further methods of marking have then been studied in this delicate test system. Contrary to expectations the marking with picric acid solution showed no adverse effect at all. The shearing of an area of the fur, however, resulted in an even more detrimental effect than the use of fuchsin. The clipping of the top of one ear rested below the level of significance. Most probably the marked mice were neither affected adversely by the handling when marked nor by an actual chemical or mechanical impairment, but by the initiation of stress induced by the majority of their unmarked cage mates. At any rate, a possible influence of the marking of animals on the result of test procedures should be carefully considered.

Animal Identification Systems↗
PubMed1983

The coracoid transfer for recurrent dislocation of the shoulder. Technical aspects of the Bristow-Latarjet procedure.

One hundred and twelve shoulders with recurrent anterior dislocation were treated with the Bristow-Latarjet procedure and had a two to five-year follow-up after surgery. The incidence of redislocation was 6 per cent, and an additional 7 per cent of the patients reported occasional subluxation. In 106 shoulders, a radiographic study was carried out in order to determine the importance of factors such as healing and position of the transferred coracoid process with regard to the postoperative clinical results. No redislocation or subluxation occurred in the forty patients in whom the transplant showed osseous or fibrous union at the scapula and was located inferior to the equator of the glenoid and less than one centimeter medial to its rim. In shoulders in which either the transplant had migrated more than 1.5 centimeters from that position or was placed one centimeter or more medial to the glenoid rim, the incidence of redislocation or subluxation was significantly increased.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Radiography of the shoulder after Bristow repair.

A radiologic follow-up of 30 shoulders in 29 patients operated upon according to the Bristow procedure is presented. Four projections of the shoulder were found necessary for adequate radiographic evaluation of the surgical results, a.p., lateral, oblique lateral and modified axial views. The two latter projections are appropriate for evaluation of the bony transplant and its relation to the anterior glenoid rim. Radiographic findings relating to bony union of the transplant and to the clinical results are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Endoprosthetic arthroplasty of the ankle joint. A clinical and radiological follow-up.

Eighteen ICLH ankle arthroplasties in 16 patients were followed up 15 to 52 months postoperatively (mean 36 months) by a review of the records, and clinical and radiological examinations. Five arthroplasties were performed for osteoarthrosis, 13 for rheumatoid arthritis. The overall clinical result was rated excellent in 2, good in 8, fair in 6, and poor in 2 joints. In osteoarthritic joints the results were somewhat poorer, no patient obtaining a rating of excellent but 2 of good, 2 of fair, and one of poor. Radiolucent zones greater than 2 millimeters were seen around the tibial component in 7 cases. Loosening defined as radiographic signs of movement between the prosthetic components and bone was present in 4 cases. The high occurrence of obvious loosening and large radiolucent zones indicates that mechanical problems will be encountered frequently in the future. From the results of this study it is concluded that ankle arthroplasty has a definite place in the treatment of severe arthritis in rheumatoid patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Experience with Swedish multifunctional prosthetic hands controlled by pattern recognition of multiple myoelectric signals.

Clinical experience with two types of multifunctional prosthetic hand, controlled by pattern recognition of multiple myoelectric signals is reported. The prostheses have been used for between one and five years by five patients. The pattern recognition control system enabled the patients to control six separate movements accurately after a short period of training. One of the tested prostheses, the SVEN-hand, was not reliable enough to allow clinical use outside the laboratory. The ES-hand, a second generation multifunctional prosthesis, has promising features, being self-contained and fast moving. It is concluded that multi-functional prosthetic hands help amputees to avoid tiresome and awkward compensatory movements. Their scope, however, does not extend beyond that of conventional myoelectric prostheses. Their combined movements are cosmetically more appealing than a single three-point grip. In order to gain wider acceptance, multifunctional prosthetic hands must reach a state of development comparable to conventional myoelectric devices particularly with regard to weight and compactness. A pattern recognition control system is essential to the design.

Adult↗