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Biomedical subjects

L Juhasz

Publications and source records attributed to L Juhasz.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Patterns of cigarette sales and lung cancer mortality in some central and eastern European countries, 1960-1989.

BACKGROUND: Remarkable increases in lung cancer risk recently have been observed in the Central and Eastern European (CEE) area. This study examines the patterns of lung cancer mortality rates and cigarette sales in 1960-1989 in seven CEE countries with a total population of 97.5 million and 43,000 deaths from lung cancer in the last year under study. METHODS: Trends in cigarette sales and mortality rates from lung cancer in seven CEE countries were compared for the years 1960-1989. RESULTS: Among males, recent lung cancer death rates were the highest in Europe, and trends by country largely reflected the varied prevalence and duration of smoking in previous decades. For females, lung cancer mortality rates were much lower, although there were exponential rate increases. In the more recent birth cohorts, there were some declines in mortality rates among males, but not among females. CONCLUSIONS: The rising cigarette consumption through the 1960s, 1970s, and, in some countries, the 1980s is accompanied in most of the countries by rising lung cancer mortality rates for young adults. This increasing cigarette consumption will determine future trends in lung cancer, which will increase well beyond the turn of the century and will continue longer for females than for males. This outlook underlines the urgent need for comprehensive lung cancer prevention with the concerted control of smoking as a priority. The role of cofactors and their interaction with smoking deserve further exploration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Teratogenicity and transplacental pharmacokinetics of 13-cis-retinoic acid in rabbits.

No embryotoxic or teratogenic effects, considered to be treatment related, were observed in rabbits after daily oral doses of 3 mg/kg of 13-cis-retinoic acid (13-cis-RA) from Day 8 to Day 11 of gestation. In contrast, treatment with 15 mg/kg/day significantly increased the rate of fetal resorptions (22%) and 13 out of 68 surviving fetuses (16%) were malformed. Pharmacokinetic studies with both dosing regimens of 13-cis-RA in pregnant rabbits showed that on Day 11 of gestation, high concentrations of parent compound, 13-cis-RA, and its major metabolite, 13-cis-4-oxoRA, existed in maternal plasma. Much lower concentrations were found for all-trans-4-oxoRA and all-trans-RA. The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of all-trans-RA following the 15 mg/kg/day dosing regimen of 13-cis-RA was only 1.2% that of parent compound 13-cis-RA. At this dose, embryo levels of 13-cis-RA, 13-cis-4-oxoRA, and all-trans-4-oxoRA were 2.5-, 4.7-, and 3.6-fold higher by AUC comparison (24-hr period of Day 11) compared with the dose of 3 mg/kg. However, embryo levels of all-trans-RA were virtually identical at both doses and were, in fact, somewhat lower than endogenous concentrations measured in untreated rabbit embryos. In contrast to mice, where isomerization from 13-cis- to all-trans-RA was suggested to be crucial for the teratogenic action of 13-cis-RA, we found that the teratogenic action of 13-cis-RA (15 mg/kg/day) in rabbits is characterized by increased whole embryo concentrations of 13-cis-RA, 13-cis-4-oxoRA, and all-trans-4-oxoRA, but not of all-trans-RA.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1989

Effect of exogenous pyruvate on acrylamide neuropathy in rats.

The protective effect of exogenous sodium pyruvate on the distal-proximal progression of experimental acrylamide neuropathy in rats was examined. Incorporation of 2% (w/w) sodium pyruvate powder in the diet of rats receiving subcutaneous injections of an aqueous solution of acrylamide (35 mg/kg/day, 5 days/week) retarded the onset and development of functional, morphological, and biochemical measures of acrylamide neuropathy. Pyruvate supplementation did not alter hexobarbital sleep time or zoxazolamine paralysis time, two in vivo measures of microsomal mixed-function oxidase activity, and the disposition of radioactivity in plasma or sciatic nerve following subcutaneous injection of [14C]acrylamide. Although acrylamide can interfere with energy metabolism at a variety of sites where pyruvate can rescue neurons (axons), the data of this study are consistent with our earlier hypothesis that acrylamide neuropathy may be associated with a glycolytic deficit. The exact site of pyruvate protection is unknown. Exogenous pyruvate is perhaps utilized by axons to circumvent toxin-induced glycolytic inhibition and provide chemical energy for fast axonal transport.

Acrylamide↗
PubMed1978

A study in mice of benzodiazephine-anticholinergic interaction: protection against restraint-immersion and forced exertion-induced gastric mucosal erosion.

The effectiveness of benzodiazepines and anticholinergics administered alone or in combination in preventing restraint-immersion and forced exertion-induced gastric mucosal erosion was investigated in mice. The benzodiazepines used were diazepam and chlordiazepoxide HCI and the anticholinergics were propantheline bromide and clidinium bromide. The administratio of a benzodiazepine with an anticholinergic resulted in additive or supra-additive protective effects in both systems. In the restraint-immersion system, diazepam combined with propantheline bromide at a ratio of 1 to 13.7 yielded a 4.53-fold supra-additive effect. At ratios of 4.6 or 1.5 parts of propantheline bromide to 1 part of diazepam an additive effect was observed. One part of diazepam, when combined with 1.4 to 12.0 parts of clidinium bromide resulted in supra-additive effects of about 1.5-fold. The co-administration of chlordiazepoxide HCI and clidinium bromide in ratios of 2 to 1 or 2.5 to 1 resulted in supra-additive effects of 2.4- and 1.85-fold, respectively. At higher and lower ratios additive effects were demonstrated. In the forced exertion system, diazepam combined with either anticholinergic resulted in supra-additive effects of 2- to 3-fold which occurred at ratios of diazepam to the anticholinergic varying over an 8-fold range. The co-administration of 2 parts of chlordiazepoxide HCI and 1 part of clidinium bromide resulted in a 2.84-fold supra-additive effect in the forced exertion system. These results are discussed in relation to the use of benzodiazepine anticholinergic combinations in the treatment of human gastric and duodenal ulcer disease.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy of nizatidine, clarithromycin and bismuth subcitrate therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication in duodenal ulcer patients--a preliminary report.

The triple combination of nizatidine, clarithromycin, and bismuth subcitrate resulted in an ulcer healing rate of 98% and an H. pylori eradication rate of 90%. Corresponding 'intention-to-treat' figures were 92% and 84%, respectively. These results suggest that further studies, shorter in duration, using lower dosages, and possibly testing other combinations with a double-blind methodology, are required.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗