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Biomedical subjects

L Jones

Publications and source records attributed to L Jones.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
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Caregiver AOD use, case substantiation, and AOD treatment: studies based on two southwestern counties.

This article includes two separate studies: the first explores the impact of caregiver AOD use on CPS case substantiation; the second compares CPS-involved and CPS-noninvolved females in AOD treatment systems. Results suggest that cases with indications of AOD use are more likely to be substantiated than cases without; and increasing numbers of children and younger maternal ages are risk factors for CPS involvement among AOD-using women. Related findings are also presented, followed by implications for practice and research.

Adult↗
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HIV 101 for women.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Anti-HIV Agents↗
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N-nitrosoproline excretion by rural Nebraskans drinking water of varied nitrate content.

The N-nitrosoproline (NPRO) test for in vivo nitrosation was applied in a study of 44 rural Nebraska men drinking high- or low-nitrate water from private wells. The subjects followed diets low in NPRO and nitrate for 5 days. On days 4 and 5 they avoided ascorbate-rich foods. Urine was collected for 24 h on day 4 while the subjects followed normal activities and on day 5 after an overnight fast and taking 500 mg L-proline. We determined NPRO, nitrate, creatinine, and specific gravity in the urines, and nitrite and nitrate in single saliva specimens collected on days 4 and 5. Results for all variables were separated into those above and below the median values and were analyzed by univariate and multivariate consideration of the contingency tables. Nitrate concentration in drinking water (> or = or < 10 ppm nitrate-nitrogen) was significantly associated with both day 4 and day 5 NPRO (> or = or < 1.5 micrograms/day; P < 0.04); and with urine nitrate (> or = or < 1.5 mmol/day), saliva nitrite (> or = or < 5 mg/liter), and saliva nitrate (> or = or < 25 mg/liter) (P < or = 0.002). Urine nitrate was significantly (P < or = 0.03) associated with both day 4 and day 5 NPRO, with odds ratios of 4.2 and 5.4, respectively. Creatinine was positively associated with NPRO on day 4 (P = 0.04). These findings, like those of a recent study in Denmark, showed an association between nitrate intake in water and NPRO formation. Their significance for people drinking high-nitrate water remains to be determined.

Adult↗
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A trial with a new peripheral implanted vascular access device.

In a prospective study, a new implanted vascular access device designed for peripheral placement in the arm was evaluated. Thirty-two patients requiring long-term venous access received the Port-A-Cath P.A.S. Port over a 13-month period. The access devices were used for multiple therapies including chemotherapy, antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, and blood products. After 4,896 patient days (range 12-388), 19 complications occurred in 14 patients or 3.88/1,000 catheter days. The infection rate was 3% or 0.2/1,000 catheter days. Port pocket cellulitis was reported in 3% of patients or 0.2/1,000 catheter days. Vein phlebitis occurred at 12.5% or 0.8/1,000 catheter days. Two instances of vessel thrombosis occurred (6.2% or 0.4/1,000 catheter days). Ten incidents in six patients of inability to aspirate blood samples were noted (18.75% or 2/1,000 catheter days). No infiltrations or extravasations were reported. Nurses involved in this early trial found performance similar to the standard venous chest ports. Peripheral port placement was accepted well by patients.

Adult↗
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Preoperative planning and surgical technique for performing a Dwyer calcaneal osteotomy.

To improve the technique of Dwyer closing wedge calcaneal osteotomies, specific methods for planning the degree of angular correction and for accurate achievement of this correction are presented. Patterns are made from preoperative radiographs and are cut and re-aligned in the desired fashion to establish the amount of angular correction necessary. The operative technique developed uses drill holes and a standard depth gauge. Measurement of the thickness of the bone at the level of the Dwyer or any other osteotomy thereby allows determination of the size of the base of the resection wedge necessary to achieve the desired angular correction.

Calcaneus↗
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Societal interventions to prevent child abuse and neglect.

A framework for understanding child maltreatment in terms of complex and interacting factors from the individual to the societal level can aid in conceptualizing and implementing prevention efforts. Research on interventions at the societal level can guide a broad range of activities, increasing their effectiveness and viability. Fundamental approaches include evaluation of specific interventions and systems-level research on implementation and development of best practice in prevention activities for different portions of society. Research can indicate the roles that each individual, agency, organization, community, and level of government can play. The U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child provides a useful framework for societal level change to improve the welfare of children and families.

Child↗
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Maternal intravenous hydration and amniotic fluid index in patients with preterm ruptured membranes.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of an intravenous (i.v.) fluid bolus on the amniotic fluid index (AFI) in patients with preterm ruptured membranes. METHODS: Nonlaboring patients at 24-37 weeks' gestation with documented ruptured membranes were randomized to either no hydration or to an i.v. fluid bolus with 1 L of normal saline administered over 30 minutes. All patients had a baseline AFI measured. The same blinded examiner repeated the examination 90 minutes later. RESULTS: Six patients were randomized to the hydration group, seven to the control group. The groups were similar in age, gravidity, parity, time since rupture, gestational age, and baseline AFI. In the hydration group, the AFI increased 5.1 cm (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.9-7.3) after the fluid bolus. In the no-hydration group, the change was 0.6 cm (95% CI-1.1 to 2.2). The difference in the change in AFI between groups was 4.5 cm (95% CI 1.3-7.7) (P = .008). CONCLUSION: The AFI is sensitive to maternal hydration in patients with preterm rupture of membranes and can be increased with an i.v. fluid bolus.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Garlic powder in the treatment of moderate hyperlipidaemia: a controlled trial and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of 900 mg/day of dried garlic powder (standardised to 1.3% allicin) in reducing total cholesterol. DESIGN: Double-blind, randomised six-month parallel trial. SUBJECTS: 115 individuals with a repeat total cholesterol concentration of 6.0-8.5 mmol/l and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol of 3.5 mmol/l or above after six weeks of dietary advice. INTERVENTION: The active treatment group received dried garlic tablets (standardised to 1.3% allicin) at a dosage of 300 mg three times daily. The control group received a matching placebo. OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary end-point: total cholesterol concentration; secondary end-points: concentrations of LDL and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoproteins (apo) A1 and B, and triglycerides. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the groups receiving garlic and placebo in the mean concentrations of serum lipids, lipoproteins or apo A1 or B, by analysis either on intention-to-treat or treatment received. In a meta-analysis which included the results from this trial, garlic was associated with a mean reduction in total cholesterol of -0.65 mmol/l (95% confidence intervals: -0.53 to -0.76). CONCLUSIONS: In this trial, garlic was less effective in reducing total cholesterol than suggested by previous meta-analyses. Possible explanations are publication bias, overestimation of treatment effects in trials with inadequate concealment of treatment allocation, or a type 2 error. We conclude that meta-analyses should be interpreted critically and with particular caution if the constituent trials are small.

Analysis of Variance↗