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Biomedical subjects

L Johnston

Publications and source records attributed to L Johnston.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Effects of gender on inpatient psychiatric hospitalization.

In this study of inpatient hospitalization, gender was found to be a significant variable. Effects of gender upon admission and discharge Global Assessment Scale scores raises the possibility of differential criteria for men and women to be admitted or discharged: a "gender bias effect." Results also support the hypothesis of a "patient gender effect" of greater responsiveness to treatment by women. As predicted, gender showed complex interactions with other variables, including diagnosis, age, marital status, and prior hospital experience. Length of stay was not found to be related to gender.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Current status of milieu psychiatry.

Appreciation of the role of milieu in psychiatry has waxed and waned in response to various scientific, ideologic, and social pressures. In this review, historical trends in the use of environment in treatment of mental illness are integrated with social science and empirical research studies of milieu. While the insights of social scientists of the prepsychotropic drug era helped sensitize psychiatry to deleterious effects of hospitalization, the 1960s saw development of a schism between an antipsychiatry movement and a defensive medical reaction, now critical of the excesses and claims of proponents of milieu treatment methods. Recent research studies, however, have begun to document significant effects of milieu upon treatment outcomes, suggesting an opportunity for renewed collaboration between social scientists and hospital psychiatrists. The importance of directing future research efforts toward more specific parameters of milieu in interaction with different diagnoses or patient populations is discussed.

Hospital Units↗
PubMed1982

Sagittal growth trends of the development of cleft palate in mice homozygous for the "paddle" gene.

Paddle is a lethal, single recessive gene mutation in the mouse which results in a large median cleft palate and chondrodystrophy. Comparative cephalometric measurements on the growth of the normal and paddle fetal craniofacial complexes were made to determine the cause of cleft palate in paddle. Two methods of cephalometric measurements were used with 20 parameters analyzed. Both methods revealed a reduction in maxillary and mandibular growth, and a reduced cranial base angle which did not allow forward movement of the tongue under the primary palate, and hence obstructed shelf movement.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Pantothenic acid content of human milk.

One-day diets were recorded by 22 lactating women 1 to 6 months postpartum. Pantothenic acid content of the diets was estimated using a published table of pantothenic acid values for food. The mean pantothenic acid intake of the lactating women was 7.6 mg/day over the 6-month period. The day after diet recording, the women collected two samples of breast milk during the first feeding of the day after 5 AM. The first sample was obtained at the beginning of the feed (fore milk) and the second at the end of the feed (hind milk). The pantothenic acid in the milk was determined by microbiological assay using Lactobacillus plantarum, after prior treatment of the milk with intestinal phosphatase and pigeon liver extract to free bound pantothenic acid. There was no significance acid in the milk was 6.7 microgram/ml. No change occurred in the concentration of pantothenic acid in the milk from 1 to 6 months postpartum. There was a significant (p less than 0.005), positive correlation (r = 0.51) between the pantothenic acid in the diet of the mother the day preceding milk collection and the pantothenic acid content of the milk.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The omnipotent suppressor SUP45 affects nucleic acid metabolism and mitochondrial structure.

Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) strains sensitive to a variety of drugs were used to select for novobiocin-resistant mutants that were simultaneously temperature-sensitive. The mutants remained as sensitive as the parent strains to a wide range of drugs other than novobiocin, and did not exhibit any suppression of suppressible auxotrophic markers. At the non-permissive temperature, the mutant cells arrested mainly as unbudded cells, and were instantly defective in DNA and RNA synthesis, but not protein synthesis. The cloned wild-type gene was identified as SUP45, which has been previously implicated in the translation process. Our results suggest that SUP45 may have a function in addition to, or different from, the one that has been assigned to it previously.

Cloning, Molecular↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Stenting and superior vena caval syndrome.

The use of intravascular stents in the management of Superior Vena Caval Obstruction is a relatively recent development. We describe our experience with six patients, aged between 64 and 85 years who developed SVC obstruction secondary to malignant disease and who had one or more intravascular stents inserted. Five of the patients had lung cancer and one metastatic breast carcinoma. Positive histology was available in three cases. A partial or complete clinical response was seen in all patients and two patients developed recurrent symptoms. Stenting appears to provide effective palliation of SVC obstruction symptoms.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A survey of pediatric cardiology nurses' understanding of warfarin therapy.

Children with underlying cardiac defects represent the largest cohort of pediatric patients requiring oral anticoagulant therapy. This study aimed to determine how much pediatric cardiology nurses understood about warfarin therapy, given their role as patient educators. Surveys were sent to four Australian pediatric hospitals that provided inpatient cardiac services. Data are presented descriptively, with relationship between variables analyzed using linear regression analysis. Forty-one completed questionnaires were received from 94 registered nurses. The majority of nurses held an undergraduate degree in nursing and were classified as senior registered nurses. Nurses did not demonstrate a good understanding of warfarin therapy. Knowledge deficits were identified across a broad spectrum of areas, with only 30% of nurses reporting that they felt equipped to provide families with education regarding oral anticoagulant therapy. Nurses regularly provide patients with education regarding medication regimes; however, the effectiveness of that education is rarely evaluated. This study suggests that pediatric nurses working with patients who are often prescribed oral anticoagulant therapy have significant knowledge deficits about anticoagulant therapy. The impact of this lack of knowledge on the effectiveness of patient education has not been evaluated, but it is unlikely to be helpful.

Anticoagulants↗