Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

L Johansson

Publications and source records attributed to L Johansson.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Combinations of nonlabeled, 125I-labeled, and anti-idiotypic antiplacental alkaline phosphatase monoclonal antibodies at experimental radioimmunotargeting.

PURPOSE: Placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) is a membrane-bound oncofetal antigen that can be used for radioimmunotargeting. Preinjection of nonlabeled monoclonal anti-PLAP antibody (H7) and postinjection of monoclonal anti-idiotypic anti-PLAP antibody (alpha H7) were used in order to improve the localization efficacy of 125I-labeled H7. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A human cervix adenocarcinoma cell line (HcLa Hep 2) was inoculated subcutaneously in 24 nude mice. Repeated quantitative radioimmunoscintigraphic recordings were performed on 27 occasions in each of the 24 mice during the observation period which lasted for nearly 3 months. The tumor and nontumor doses were calculated according to the Medical International Radiation Dose Committee formula on the basis of the scintigraphic data. RESULTS: All tumors were clearly visualized as early as one day after injection of 125I-labeled H7. The remaining radioactivity was exclusively located in the tumors at days 30-81. As much as 12-16% of the injected dose/g accumulated in the tumors during the first 2 days after injection, and remained stable at this high level for approximately 10 days in all investigated groups. Radioactivity in the whole body was rapidly eliminated during the same time period. The highest tumor/nontumor dose ratio was obtained after a single injection of 125I-labeled H7. CONCLUSION: Neither a preinjection of nonlabeled H7 nor a postinjection of alpha H7 nor a combination of both strategies resulted in improved tumor/nontumor dose ratios compared to a single injection of labeled H7. The monoclonal antibody H7 has a rapid and high uptake, combined with a prolonged retention time in the tumors. The kinetic properties of H7 are different from antibodies targeting intracellular tumor antigens.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

Hydration does not influence the image quality in bone scintigraphy: an investigation using 99Tcm-HDP.

We investigated the possibility that the increased diuresis caused by hydration leads to enhanced renal excretion of radiotracer and thereby increases the target-to-background activity ratio and improves the image quality in bone scintigraphy. The study was carried out using paired comparisons in 10 healthy volunteers. Whole-body antero-posterior and postero-anterior acquisitions were obtained for 4 h after the administration of 99Tcm-hydroxymethylene diphosphonate with and without hydration. The bone-to-soft tissue activity ratio was semi-quantified by comparing regions of interest acquired from geometrical means of the acquisitions. Hydration was performed by slowly drinking 1.5 litres of water after administration of the tracer. Hydration induced a slight enhancement of excretion of the activity, but it had no effect on the bone-to-soft tissue activity ratio, nor did it influence image quality. We conclude that hydration could be avoided when it is cumbersome for the patient. However, as hydration reduces the radiation dose to the urinary bladder wall, which is the critical organ, hydration should be maintained in younger patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Candida glabrata prosthesis infection following pyelonephritis and septicaemia.

Candida glabrata is a well-known cause of lower urinary tract infections. Systemic infections caused by this organism are less common, but have increased dramatically in recent years. Prosthesis infection caused by C. glabrata is extremely rare. We report a case of prosthesis failure due to C. glabrata 5 y after candidaemia and pyelonephritis caused by this organism. The same C. glabrata strain was isolated from both infections, as confirmed by the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1997

The pharmacological characterization of a novel selective 5-hydroxytryptamine1A receptor antagonist, NAD-299.

The pharmacological properties of a novel selective 5-hydroxytryptamine1A (5-HT1A) receptor antagonist, NAD-299 [(R)-3-N,N-dicyclobutylamino-8-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-5-carboxamide hydrogen (2R,3R)-tartrate monohydrate] were examined in vitro and in vivo and compared with the reference 5-HT1A receptor antagonist, WAY-100635 [N-(2-(1-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-yl))ethyl)-N-(2-pyridinyl) cyclohexanecarboxamide trihydrochloride]. The new compound had high affinity for 5-HT1A receptors in vitro with a Ki value of 0.6 nM. The only other receptors for which NAD-299 had affinity less than 1 microM were alpha-1 and beta adrenoceptors with Ki values of 260 and 340 nM, respectively. Thus, the selectivity of NAD-299 for 5-HT1A receptors was more than 400 times. WAY-100635 had considerably higher affinity than NAD-299 for alpha-1 adrenoceptors (Ki = 45 nM) and dopamine D2 and D3 receptors (Ki = 79 and 67 nM, respectively). Like WAY-100635, NAD-299 competitively blocked 5-HT-induced inhibition of vasoactive intestinal peptide-stimulated cAMP production in GH4ZD10 cells and had no intrinsic activity. Both compounds were therefore 5-HT1A receptor antagonists in vitro and also behaved as such in in vivo experiments. Thus, they competitively antagonized the 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin-induced 5-HT behavioral effects, hypothermia, corticosterone secretion and inhibition of passive avoidance behavior without causing any actions of their own. The effective dose of NAD-299 varied between 0.03 and 0.35 micromol/kg s.c., depending on the test and the dose of 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗
PubMed1996

Synthesis and pharmacology of the enantiomers of UH301: opposing interactions with 5-HT1A receptors.

The (S)-enantiomer of 5-fluoro-8-hydroxy-2-(dipropylamino) tetralin [(S)-2a; (S)-UH301] was the first reported 5-HT1A receptor antagonist. We now give a full account on the synthetic effort leading to the preparation of the racemate and the enantiomers of 2a. The crystal and molecular structure of 2a. HBr has been determined by X-ray diffraction and the absolute configuration has been deduced using statistical tests of the crystallographic R values. The unit cell is tetragonal (P4(1)2(1)2) with a = b = 13.2235(2), c = 39.560(1) A and contains two crystallographically independent molecules in each asymmetric unit. The two solid state conformers differ in the conformation of the N-propyl groups. The pharmacological characterization of the enantiomers was done by use of in vivo biochemical and behavioural assays in rats. The (R)-enantiomer of 2a is a 5-HT1A receptor agonist of low potency while (S)-2a does not exhibit any agonist properties at 5-HT1A receptors. As a consequence of the opposing effects of the enantiomers, the racemate, rac-2a, does not produce any clear-cut effects in rats. The reduced efficacy of (S)-2a as compared to the well known 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(dipropylamino) tetralin (1;8-OH-DPAT) may be due to the fluoro-substituent induced negative potential of the aromatic ring.

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin↗
PubMed1996

MRI examination of the glenohumeral joint after traumatic primary anterior dislocation. A descriptive evaluation of the acute lesion and at 6-month follow-up.

Primary traumatic anterior dislocation of the shoulder in young patients has a high recurrency rate. There are varying opinions on the pathology behind the recurrences. The aim of this study was to describe the MRI characteristics of the acute lesion, and at 6-month follow-up. Thirty patients aged 18-30 years with primary traumatic anterior dislocation of the shoulder were randomized into two groups. One group was treated with acute arthroscopic lavage within 10 days. The control group was treated with traditional non-operative therapy. All patients underwent acute MRI within 10 days and before the arthroscopic lavage, and again at the 6-month follow-up, for evaluation of the lesions. The acute MRI verified Hill-Sachs lesions in all patients. At the 6-month follow-up MRI, there was no change in the size of the Hill-Sachs lesion. This was also the case with the six patients in the control group with recurrent dislocations during the first 6 months. Twenty-nine patients (97%) had joint effusion at the acute MRI, which was very useful for evaluation of the soft tissue pathology. The glenohumeral ligaments were detached in 20/30 patients (66%), and the labrum in 22/30 patients (70%). A capsulolabral detachment classified as a Baker 3 lesion was seen in 16/30 (53%) of the patients, including all six patients with recurrent dislocation. At the 6-month control only 3/30 (10%) of the patients had joint effusion for adequate evaluation of the labrum and ligamentous pathology. A Hill-Sachs lesion was found in 100% of the patients after primary dislocation, and recurrent dislocations did not change the size of the lesion. The study supports the opinion that this lesion is overlooked in the clinical situation. The joint effusion at the acute MRI was of utmost importance for evaluation of the soft tissue pathology. The 6-month MRI control was therefore considered inconclusive when evaluating capsulolabral lesions, due to lack of effusion. MRI arthrography with contrast administration would have been very helpful at the 6-month examination.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

The contribution of secondary heavy particles to the absorbed dose from high-energy photon beams.

High-energy photon radiotherapy sources produce non-negligible numbers of secondary heavy particles (neutrons, protons and alphas) which contribute to the dose in a patient. They also present a radiation protection problem. The contribution of such particles to the absorbed dose in a tissue-like medium and to the equivalent dose is considered in this study experimentally. Track etch detectors were chosen as a basic type of measuring instrument: cellulose nitrate Kodak LR115 and polyallyldiglycol carbonate CR39 were used as detectors. Several methods of directly read datum (track density, track parameter, LET spectrum etc) interpretation have been analysed. It has been ascertained that the contribution of secondary heavy particles represents approximately 0.002 of the photon dose and 0.02 of the equivalent dose, both at 50 MeV as maximum photon energy. The contribution of a 20 MV bremsstrahlung beam is roughly one-fifth of that at 50 MV.

Alpha Particles↗
PubMed1996

Effects on the nervous system among welders exposed to aluminium and manganese.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose was to study the effects on the nervous system in welders exposed to aluminium and manganese. METHODS: The investigation included questionnaires on symptoms, psychological methods (simple reaction time, finger tapping speed and endurance, digit span, vocabulary, tracking, symbol digit, cylinders, olfactory threshold, Luria-Nebraska motor scale), neurophysiological methods (electroencephalography, event related auditory evoked potential (P-300), brainstem auditory evoked potential, and diadochokinesometry) and assessments of blood and urine concentrations of metals (aluminium, lead, and manganese). RESULTS: The welders exposed to aluminium (n = 38) reported more symptoms from the central nervous system than the control group (n = 39). They also had a decreased motor function in five tests. The effect was dose related in two of these five tests. The median exposure of aluminium welders was 7065 hours and they had about seven times higher concentrations of aluminium in urine than the controls. The welders exposed to manganese (n = 12) had a decreased motor function in five tests. An increased latency of event related auditory evoked potential was also found in this group. The median manganese exposure was 270 hours. These welders did not have higher concentrations of manganese in blood than the controls. CONCLUSIONS: The neurotoxic effects found in the groups of welders exposed to aluminium and manganese are probably caused by the aluminium and manganese exposure, respectively. These effects indicate a need for improvements in the work environments of these welders.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Effect of hemithorax irradiation alone or combined with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide in 47 pleural mesotheliomas: a nonrandomized phase II study.

In order to assess the value of radiotherapy in the treatment of pleural mesotheliomas, we studied tumour response and survival after hemithorax irradiation alone (RT), or radiotherapy combined with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy (RTCT). Forty seven patients with pleural mesotheliomas received irradiation of the diseased hemithorax at 8 MV (megavolt) photons to a total dose of 40 Gy, administered in 20 daily fractions of 2 Gy for 5 days a week. One month after RT, patients aged < or = 70 yrs with a good performance status were offered supplementary chemotherapy (CT) with doxorubicin 30 mg.m-2 body surface on Day 1 and Day 8, combined with cyclophosphamide 600 mg.m-2 on Day 1, in cycles of 21 days. Tumour response was evaluated by computed axial tomography (CAT) before and 1 month after RT and/or CT. Only 3 of the 47 (95% confidence interval (95% CI)-0.6-13%) irradiated tumours responded with a partial response (PR). In 31 patients treated with RT alone, one PR was observed; whereas, in the combined treatment group, 2 out of 16 responded with PR to RT. CT with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide induced only 2 out of 16 PRs (95% CI -3.4-28.4%), and the combined treatment consisting of RT followed by CT induced 2 out of 16 PRs. The median survival following the initiation of RT was 7 months in all patients (n = 47), 6 months in the RT group (n = 31), and 13 months in the combined RTCT group (n = 16). Chest pain, performance status and body weight were not favourably affected by the radiotherapy. We conclude that hemithorax irradiation of pleural mesotheliomas with a moderately high dose is not useful, since it produces no improvement in chest pain, few objective tumour responses and no prolongation of survival.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Aspects of histopathologic subtype as a prognostic factor in 85 pleural mesotheliomas.

BACKGROUND: The prognosis of patients with pleural mesothelioma is more dependent on "pretreatment factors" than on the effect of therapeutic interventions. Histopathologic subtype is one of several important prognostic factors in pleural mesothelioma, and several studies indicate that the epithelial subtype of pleural mesotheliomas has a more favorable prognosis than the sarcomatoid. In this study, we retrospectively evaluated qualitative and quantitative aspects of the tissue specimens used for histopathologic diagnosis in 85 patients with pleural mesothelioma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The prognostic roles of two different histopathologic classification systems were evaluated in 85 consecutive cases of pleural mesotheliomas. Efficiency of different diagnostic procedures, influence of the size of the biopsy specimens on the histopathologic diagnosis, and immunohistochemical profiles for histopathologic subtypes of mesotheliomas were also evaluated. RESULTS: Patients with pure epithelial mesotheliomas (n = 35), and especially those with the tubulopapillary subtype (n = 18) of epithelial mesotheliomas, survived significantly longer than those with a sarcomatoid component (n = 50). With larger biopsy specimens (surgical biopsy, autopsy), more tumors were classified as biphasic (36/78 vs 9/44, p < 0.005). The sarcomatoid mesotheliomas comprised about 20% of the tumors regardless of type of biopsy. Staining intensity for cytokeratin CAM 5.2 was equal in all types of mesotheliomas, while intensity with cytokeratin AE1/AE3 decreased from the epithelial to the sarcomatoid mesotheliomas. Staining with vimentin was most intense among the sarcomatoid mesotheliomas, while with epithelial membrane antigen it was most intense among the epithelial mesotheliomas. CONCLUSIONS: The quality of the biopsy specimens has considerable impact on the possibility to arrive at a correct histopathologic diagnosis. Based on our results, we suggest tubulopapillary mesotheliomas be regarded as "low-grade mesotheliomas" and other types, including the epithelioid type of epithelial mesotheliomas, as "high-grade mesotheliomas." This should be taken into account when designing clinical trials.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1996

Three cases of dental technician's pneumoconiosis related to cobalt-chromium-molybdenum dust exposure.

Dental technician's pneumoconiosis (DTP) is a rather recent finding in subjects exposed to the dust generated in dental laboratories producing metal-framed removable partial dentures from alloys based on cobalt, chromium, and molybdenum. This study presents details of the first three Swedish cases of DTP with some emphasis on the diagnostic procedures and the dust exposure. A follow-up of at least 5 years from diagnosis is included.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The Norwegian diet during the last hundred years in relation to coronary heart disease.

OBJECTIVE: The influence of dietary changes on serum cholesterol and CHD during the last century in Norway has been evaluated. DESIGN: Data on food consumption are based on national food supply and household consumption surveys. To be able to calculate comparable series of the dietary content of energy, fat, saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids and dietary cholesterol, we compiled food composition data covering this century. The dietary effect on serum cholesterol was estimated by Keys equation. RESULTS: Changes in dietary lipids precede the increase and the decrease in mortality of CHD. The estimated serum cholesterol level in the population increased by approximately 1 mmol/l during 1900-1960, and decreased by approximately 0.6 mmol/l during 1960-1992. These changes correspond to a 60% increase and a 30% decrease in risk for CHD. However, the observed change in mortality of CHD was greater. During 1951-1955 and 1971-1975 it increased by 120% in men and 80% in women aged 50-59 years and during 1971-1975 and 1991-1993 it decreased by 43% and 29%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Change in dietary lipids have the potential to explain a great deal of the changes in mortality of CHD in Norway during this century. A reduced consumption of boiled coffee and an increase in the consumption of antioxidants may also have contributed to the reduced mortality of CHD the last 20 years.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1996

Eldercare in Sweden: issues in service provision and case management.

Sweden's extensive eldercare system emphasizes home and community-based care provided by municipal government. Recent policy reform is designed to improve the provision and coordination of long-term care by transferring the responsibility and resources for the health care component from regional to local government. Policy designed to help older people manage at home has emphasized formal care, but support for family caregivers is now receiving increased attention. Care managers in municipal eldercare are responsible for individual client need assessment and level of care determination. Recent reforms in service provision combined with a weaker economy in the 1990s have increased the importance of the care manager's role in Sweden. Many municipalities are now testing new forms of service delivery that focus on the roles of care managers. These include a purchaser-provider model in which the care manager decides on a package of care and purchases some of the services from private or public providers. Under this system the care manager has increased responsibility for monitoring outcomes and determining how resources are used more effectively.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Separation and detection of 4-hexadecylaniline maltooligosaccharide derivatives with packed capillary liquid chromatography-frit fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry.

A LC-MS method is under development for the separation and detection of mixtures of native glycolipids and of oligosaccharide derivatives. The LC system is based on slurry-packed capillary columns. Frit fast atom bombardment (frit-FAB) is used as the LC-MS interface and ionisation technique and the column is connected to the frit via a 50 microns I.D. fused-silica capillary liner. Post column addition of matrix is achieved using a 50 microns I.D. fused-silica capillary liner with 2.5% (v/v) matrix solution. The two liners are joined through a septum and end side by side against the frit. The detection limit was found to be less than 1 pmole in the negative ion mode. A mixture of tetra to deca maltooligosaccharides reductively aminated with 4-hexadecylaniline (M4-10-HDA) was separated on a straight phase silica column using gradient elution.

Aniline Compounds↗