Frequency of four cystic fibrosis mutations in a Swedish population.
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Cystic Fibrosis↗
Biomedical subjects
L Johansson
Publications and source records attributed to L Johansson.
Nutritional status according to mini nutritional assessment in an institutionalized elderly population in Sweden.
BACKGROUND: In 1992, local municipalities in Sweden took over full responsibility for the long-term care of elderly. This has led to an increased care burden for the various assisted accommodation services run by the municipalities. OBJECTIVE: Since ageing and chronic diseases are risk factors for protein-energy malnutrition, we evaluated the nutritional status of all individuals in assisted accommodation, i.e., service flats (SF), old people's homes (OPH), group living for the demented (GLD), and nursing homes (NH), in three Swedish municipalities. METHODS: Of 994 eligible subjects, 872 were examined; the average age was 84.5+/-8 years, and 69% were female. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) scale (0-30 points) was used, consisting of 18 point-weighted questions in four categories, i.e., anthropometry, global and dietary issues, and self-assessment. RESULTS: MNA <17, i.e., malnutrition, was noted in 36% of the study population. Divided according to accommodation type, the MNA scores were <17 in 21% of individuals in SF, 33% of those in OPH, 38% of those in GLD, and 71% of those in NH. The corresponding values for MNA scores 17-23.5 (risk for malnutrition) were 49, 51, 57, and 29%, respectively. Average body mass index (BMI) values were 24.2+/-5 (SF), 23.6+/-5 (OPH), 23.9+/-4 (GLD), and 22.3+/-4 (NH). BMI values < or =20 were found in 18% of those in SF, in 25% of those in OPH, in 19% of those in GLD, and in 33% of those in NH. Both MNA and BMI correlated with upper arm and calf circumference, with r values ranging from 0.4 to 0.7 (p<0.001). MNA and BMI correlated significantly (r = 0.52, p<0.001). Age correlated with MNA and BMI with r values of 0.1 (p<0.01) and 0.14 (p < 0.001), respectively. Subjects with significant help requirements during meals ate fewer whole meals per day than those who could feed themselves. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the MNA, one third of the study subjects living in assisted accommodation, and more than half of those living in NH, appeared to be malnourished. Further studies are necessary to assess to what extent these nutritional disturbances are reversible.
Aged↗
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of metoprolol in patients with impaired renal function.
The pharmacokinetics of metoprolol have been studied in a group of patients with varying degrees of renal impairment and in healthy subjects after administration of 20 mg of metoprolol tartrate intravenously and 50 mg orally in a single dose and during steady-state conditions. There were no significant differences in the extent of bioavailability or rate of elimination of the drug between the 2 groups. The fraction of the oral dose systemically available during steady-state was 59 +/- 9% in the renal patients and 55 +/- 7% in the control group. Total body clearance in the patients with renal failure was 1.0 +/- 0.1 L/min and in the healthy subjects it was 0.8 +/- 0.1 L/min. The corresponding values for the elimination half-life were 4.6 +/- 1.2h and 4.1 +/- 1.0h, respectively. The beta-adrenoceptor blocking effect of metoprolol (determined as percent reduction of exercise heart rate) did not differ significantly between the 2 groups during steady-state conditions. The effect on exercise heart rate was linearly related to the log of the plasma concentration of metoprolol. The relationship was identical for the single dose and during steady-state conditions, indicating that accumulation of metabolites in patients with renal failure does not influence the beta-blocking properties of metoprolol.
Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
Motility stimulant effects of prostasome inclusion in swim-up medium on cryopreserved human spermatozoa.
The chance of obtaining a fertilization and establishing a pregnancy increases with the number of motile spermatozoa that can reach and interact with the oocyte after the time of insemination. In an attempt to increase the recovery of freeze-thawed and motile spermatozoa, the swim-up medium was supplemented with prostasomes and some other effectors. Swim-up media supplemented with prostasomes were superior in comparison to the other effectors investigated in the recovery of motile spermatozoa for insemination. These results suggest that prostasome inclusion in swim-up medium might be of benefit in improving results in assisted reproductive technologies using freeze-thawed spermatozoa.
Aminopeptidases↗
Cold hardiness in the boreal adder, Vipera berus.
In three freezing experiments we examined the freeze tolerance in newborn adders, Vipera berus, from East-central Sweden. After a two to three hours exposure to freezing, ten out of eleven fast frozen snakes survived and recovered completely after being exposed to -3.1 degrees C on average. In the other two experiments with fast and slow freezing followed by long exposures lasting for 22-30 hours, none of the snakes survived average exposures at -4.8 degrees C or -3.8 degrees C, respectively. The glucose content of blood from frozen snakes was significantly higher than in unfrozen ones. The increase was small and its contribution to freeze tolerance doubtful. Compared to other freeze tolerant reptiles, the adder was categorised as virtually non freeze tolerant capable of surviving only a short exposure not colder than approximately -4 degrees C. Supercooling could play a role in winter survival but their precise choice of hibernation site is probably the most important.
Adaptation, Physiological↗
Praomys (Mastomys) natalensis: a model for gastric carcinoid formation.
The gastric carcinoid tumors of Praomys (Mastomys) natalensis have been reviewed with respect to histogenesis, development, biochemistry, and morphological properties. Multicentric gastric carcinoids frequently develop in the oxyntic mucosa of aging Mastomys. The development of these tumors can be significantly enhanced by drug-induced hypergastrinemia, e.g., histamine2-receptor blockade. Spontaneous and drug-induced gastric carcinoids are endocrine in nature, as evidenced by their argyrophilic staining properties and chromogranin A content. They are also rich in histidine decarboxylase activity and produce large amounts of histamine, although other hormones, such as peptide YY and enteroglucagon, have also been demonstrated in these tumors. Ultrastructurally, gastric carcinoids are composed of tumor cells with typical secretory granules resembling those of enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells. A close examination of the gastric carcinoids in Mastomys reveals striking similarities with gastric carcinoids developing in humans suffering from chronic atrophic gastritis type A or from the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome in combination with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1). Both these conditions are associated with hypergastrinemia and a higher risk for developing multi-centric gastric carcinoids of ECL-cell origin. The Mastomys tumor model therefore appears to be a significant experimental model in which induction and formation of gastric carcinoid tumors can be studied.
Animals↗
Care needs and sources of support in a nationwide sample of elderly in Sweden.
In a representative, nationwide sample of non-institutionalized elderly in Sweden the bulk of help with basic and instrumental ADL came from informal sources. Formal services played a complementary role and were primarily associated with advanced age and living alone. The findings also indicated a strong preference among the elderly for informal support,with the preference for formal services being strongest among the elderly with the greatest need of care.
Activities of Daily Living↗
Small cell carcinoma of the parotid. Fine needle aspiration and immunochemical findings in a case.
The clinical, cytomorphologic, histopathologic, electron microscopic and immunohistochemical findings in a case of small cell carcinoma of the parotid gland are presented. Fine needle aspiration cytology and immunocytochemistry made the diagnosis of undifferentiated small cell carcinoma, which was confirmed by studies on the resected tumor. The immunohistochemical findings in this case are compared with those of small cell carcinomas of other sites. This tumor entity in salivary glands appears to have a less aggressive behavior than when it is primary in the bronchial tree.
Aged↗
Distribution of renal scars and intrarenal reflux in children with a past history of urinary tract infection.
The distribution of renal scars in children with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and a past history of urinary tract infection was studied to see whether a correlation existed between renal scarring and intrarenal reflux. In 37 children with one or more scars in one or both kidneys, scarring was significantly more frequent in the polar areas than in the lateral area. In 7 children with intrarenal reflux (IRR), the distribution of IRR was almost identical with that of renal scarring. When children with marked VUR (grade IV-V) were analyzed separately, a uniform distribution of scars was found. It was concluded that fused papillae, which normally are most frequent in the polar area, are a prerequisite for the development of IRR/renal scars.
Adolescent↗
Xenografting of human pleural mesotheliomas to athymic rats and mice.
We xenografted cells from eight human pleural mesotheliomas to athymic rats and from one tumour to athymic mice. Four of the tumours grew for one or more passages in rats. Two of the tumours could be serially long-term passaged in athymic animals over a period of 33 months for 27 passages and 41 months for 18 passages, respectively. The growth rates of the two long-term transplantable tumours increased during the initial passages, after which the tumour-volume doubling time remained 3-5 days. Only one of the nine transplanted mesotheliomas exhibited growth characteristics suitable for drug-testing experiments.
Animals↗
[Mediastinoscopy auxiliary to thymectomy by the cervical route].
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Endoscopy↗
PET studies of glucose metabolism in patients with schizophrenia.
The hypothesis of abnormal patterns of metabolism in schizophrenia was examined in a series of six young patients with psychotic symptoms satisfying the research diagnostic criteria. After intravenous injection of 11C-glucose obtained through a photosynthetic process, the regional activity of 11C in brain was measured with a four-ring positron camera. Regions of interest were obtained from computed tomographic images. Each patient underwent a second positron emission tomographic examinations after 4-5 weeks of treatment with a neuroleptic drug. No evidence of a hypofrontal pattern was found, but after treatment there was a reduced frontal uptake on the left side compared with temporal regions. The left-right asymmetry in the lentiform nucleus was reduced after treatment.
Acute Disease↗