Spinal versus general anaesthesia for bone marrow harvesting.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
L Jensen
Publications and source records attributed to L Jensen.
Short-term in vivo priming of bone marrow haematopoiesis with rhG-CSF, rhGM-CSF or rhIL-3 before marrow harvest expands myelopoiesis but does not improve engraftment capability.
In an attempt to optimize bone marrow grafts for autologous transplantation 37 sequential patients suffering from various haematological diseases were treated with either recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) (n = 23) or granulocyte-macrophage CSF (rhGM-CSF) (n = 8) for 5 days or interleukin 3 (rhIL-3) (n = 6) for 10 days before marrow harvest. All patients were in marrow remission at study entry. In contrast to rhIL-3, the administration of rhG-CSF or rhGM-CSF caused a significant (P < 0.01) increase in blood absolute neutrophil count. An increased marrow cellularity and a rise in the myeloid:-erythroid ratio was seen in the majority of patients during therapy, and in the rhIL-3 treated group a rise in the number of megakaryocytes and increased marrow fibrosis was seen in most patients. Moreover, a median of 2-, 5- and 10-fold increase in myeloid progenitors was the result of short-term administration of rhIL-3, rhGM-CSF and rhG-CSF, respectively. However, transplantation performed with primed expanded marrow grafts did not significantly reduce the time to myeloid regeneration when compared to historical controls. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that short-term priming with haematopoietic cytokines before autologous bone marrow stem cell harvest is a safe procedure which effectively expands marrow haematopoisis without enhanced engraftment capability.
Adolescent↗
Reduction in accumulation of plaque, stain, and calculus in dogs by dietary means.
We conducted 215 evaluations for plaque, stain, and calculus in 120 dogs at two research sites. Dogs were balanced in groups of five according to baseline plaque index scores; groups were randomly assigned to treatment or control dietary regimens. Dental cleanings were done on Day 0. Dogs in the treatment group were fed a food formulated to reduce accumulation of plaque, stain, and calculus. Control group dogs were fed a commercially available dry dog food. No other foods, treats, or snacks were given to either group. We graded 22 teeth for plaque accumulation on Day 7 and for stain and calculus accumulation on Day 21. Six trials were conducted and the results reported as a combined mean for all treatment and control groups. Dogs fed the treatment food had significantly less plaque, stain, and calculus accumulation (p = 0.001) than dogs fed the control food. Plaque, stain, and calculus accumulation can be reduced by dietary means.
Analysis of Variance↗
Locomotor activity in spinal man.
We studied whether spinal locomotor centres of patients with paraplegia can be activated by external stimuli. In patients with complete paraplegia, coordinated stepping movements were induced by weight support and standing on a moving treadmill. The pattern of leg muscle electromyographic (EMG) activity was similar to that seen in healthy subjects although EMG amplitude was smaller. With daily training the amplitude of gastrocnemius EMG activity increased during weight-bearing phase of stepping and the degree of inappropriate tibialis anterior activity decreased. Patients with incomplete paraplegia profited from the training programme in that their walking on a stationary surface improved even when unsupported. Our results may suggest new ways to improve mobility of patients with paraplegia.
Adult↗
Bacteria-induced IgE-mediated histamine release: examination of patients with chronic bronchitis (CB) during acute exacerbations.
Twelve patients hospitalized with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (CB) and infected in the lower respiratory tract with H. influenzae (HI) or Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) were examined. Bacteria, isolated from the expectorate caused an IgE-mediated histamine release from the patient's own blood leukocytes, indicating that all were sensitized to their own bacteria. Sensitization was only observed in some of the patients when tested with a standard panel of HI or SP obtained from other patients, indicating the importance of using the patient relevant bacterial antigenic determinants. No sensitization was found in twelve controls. The patients showed cellular hyperreactivity to HI and SP, i.e. the releasability was higher than in the control group. The cellular hyperreactivity was not dependent on sensitization since it was also found against the non-infecting species. Both sensitization and cellular hyperreactivity may contribute to the aggravation of the disease.
Aged↗
Effect of acute magnesium administration on the frequency of ventricular arrhythmia in patients with heart failure.
BACKGROUND: There is a high incidence of ventricular arrhythmia and sudden death in patients with heart failure. Unfortunately, currently available antiarrhythmic agents have only limited efficacy and may result in proarrhythmia and hemodynamic deterioration in these patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied the acute effect of intravenous magnesium chloride on the frequency and severity of ventricular arrhythmia in 30 patients with symptomatic heart failure using a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design. The left ventricular ejection fraction was 23.0 +/- 8.0% (mean +/- SD). No patient had a history of symptomatic ventricular arrhythmia or was receiving antiarrhythmic agents, calcium channel antagonists, or beta-blockers. Patients were randomized to receive placebo (5% dextrose [D5W] in water alone) or magnesium chloride in D5W given as a bolus of 0.3 mEq/kg over 10 minutes followed by a maintenance infusion of 0.08 mEq/kg per hour for 24 hours. The magnesium concentrations 30 minutes and 24 hours after the bolus were 3.6 +/- 0.1 and 4.2 +/- 0.1 mg/dL, respectively. There was no significant change in serum potassium concentration during magnesium administration. Blinded analysis revealed that administration of intravenous magnesium chloride, compared with placebo, significantly decreased total ventricular ectopy per hour (mean +/- SEM, 70 +/- 26 versus 149 +/- 64, P < .001), couplets per day (23 +/- 11 versus 94 +/- 59, P = .007), and episodes of ventricular tachycardia per day (0.8 +/- 0.2 versus 2.6 +/- 1.0, P = .051). CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous magnesium chloride administration reduces the frequency of ventricular arrhythmia in patients with symptomatic heart failure.
Adult↗
Today's second generation: evidence from the 1990 U.S. census.
"The prospects for today's second generation will be considerably shaped by their current social, economic and demographic status. This article provides a statistical portrait of children of immigrants by analyzing data from the 1990 U.S. Census of Population and Housing. With the second generation defined as children under age 18 with at least one foreign-born parent, the study describes place of residence; household demographic, social and economic circumstances; household head's socioeconomic status; and characteristics of children themselves. Data on second-generation children are broken down by year of immigration of parents and child's nativity. Data for children with native-born parents are provided for comparison."
Adolescent↗
Priming with recombinant human hematopoietic cytokines before bone marrow harvest expands in vivo and enhances ex vivo recovery of myeloid progenitors in short-term liquid cultures.
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Short-term liquid marrow cultures (STLMC) are a potential source for autografting. We have previously shown that the quality of such grafts from transplantation candidates may be improved by hematopoietic cytokine support, especially if purified CD34-positive progenitors are cultured. The aim of this preclinical work was to quantitate ex vivo recovery of myeloid progenitors (colony-forming units-granulocyte/macrophage [CFU-GM]) in STLMC before and after short-term, in vivo treatment with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF), or interleukin-3 (rhIL-3). EXPERIMENTAL SETUP: Twenty-two sequential patients in marrow remission for hematological malignancies and eligible for autologous marrow transplantation received rhG-CSF or rhGM-CSF for 5 days or rhIL-3 for 10 days before marrow harvest. Marrow samples before and after in vivo priming were studied for CFU-GM in pre- and post-STLMC. RESULTS: After priming with rhG-CSF, rhGM-CSF, or rhIL-3, the number of isolated light-density cells increased nine-, six-, and two-fold, respectively. The total number of sampled (18 mL marrow) myeloid progenitors preculture (day 7/14 CFU-GM x 10(4) increased significantly from median 0.7/1.1 before to 37.3/26.7 after priming with rhG-CSF (n = 8) and from 5.6/3.4 before to 46.6/44.9 after priming with rhGM-CSF (n = 8) but remained unchanged (3.7/1.5 to 3.6/5.7) after priming with rhIL-3 (n = 6). The number of myeloid progenitors postculture (day 7/14 CFU-GM x 10(4) per 18 mL marrow) in cytokine-supported STLMC significantly increased from median 0.3/0.6 before to 7.0/5.3 after priming with rhG-CSF and from 1.9/1.6 before to 24.4/14.4 after priming with rhGM-CSF but remained unchanged (0.4/0.6 to 0.4/0.2) after priming with rhIL-3. Cytokine-primed and purified CD34+ marrow cells may be expanded in STLMC by a cytokine-driven differentiation into late myeloid progenitors and endstage cells. CONCLUSION: In vivo priming of bone marrow cells by hematopoietic cytokines significantly increases the recovery of harvested pre- and postculture myeloid progenitors. During cytokine-supported STLMC, early myeloid progenitors may differentiate into a "very late" progenitor pool with a potential for fast marrow regeneration. The number of such progenitors in cytokine-supported short-term liquid cultures may be sufficient for fast myeloid engraftment and complete peripheral blood or marrow stem-cell support after high-dose chemotherapy.
Antigens, CD↗
[Delivery conduction in patients with cicatrix of a prior cesarean section. Pilot study].
INTRODUCTION: In the clinical practice there is an increasing number of patients with a previous cesarean section. OBJECTIVE: 1. The description of the evolution of patients with previous cesarean section and the possibility of a vaginal delivery. 2. To compare, in patients in labor, a pharmacological approach (ocitocic conduction and peridural anesthesia) vs a spontaneous evolution. METHOD: -a clinical, random and prospective study. We analyze: age, parity, cause of previous cesarean section, obstetrical conditions at the moment of hospitalization, route of delivery, maternal and neonatal complications and days of hospitalization. ANALYSIS: univariable with single frequency and bivariable with contingency table (chi2) and comparison of means (T test). RESULTS: Incoming to the study of 81 cases. Sixteen per cent were operated on without labor. Eighty four per cent (n-68) were separated randomly into two groups: 26 pharmacologically managed and 42, with a spontaneous approach. Within the first group, 84.6% delivered vaginally; the latter group, 88.1%, delivered vaginally. The only variable with a statistically significant difference was the greater cervical dilatation in the spontaneous grop at the moment of hospitalization. CONCLUSION: The probability of vaginal birth after cesarean section is 72.8%, which increases to 86.7% in labor spontaneously initialized. The active management doesn't differ in this study, which has a 10% of power, of spontaneously management.
Adult↗
Elderly with cardiac disease: analysis of current nursing literature.
Demographic trends clearly indicate that the Canadian population is aging. As well, cardiovascular disease is the most common chronic disease in the elderly. The purpose of this project was to undertake a systematic and comprehensive review of nursing literature published from 1980 to 1992 on cardiac disease in the elderly. To date, no critical analysis of nursing knowledge in this area has been conducted. Thirty-eight articles were found to meet the inclusion criteria and were reviewed according to purpose, subject characteristics, variables studied, research method employed, scientific and/or theoretical merit, and relevance for practice. What is known concerning the elderly with cardiac disease, along with recommendations for future nursing research, are presented. Information about the quantity and quality of literature related to cardiac disease in the elderly is important for the development of a scientific base for nursing practice.
Age Factors↗
Health care utilization, family context, and adaptation among immigrants to the United States.
We use the 1990 National Health Interview Survey supplement on Family Resources to examine the health care utilization patterns of immigrant and native-born adults in the United States. We modify a standard health care utilization framework by including duration of residence in the United States and measures of immigrant adaptation and family health context to model both the probability and number of physician contacts in the previous year. We find that duration of residence has a strong effect. Recently-arrived immigrants are much less likely to have had a contact in the previous year and had fewer contacts than either native-born or longer-term immigrant adults. Once the measures of adaptation--age at immigration and language of survey interview--are included, immigrants who have been in the United States for 10 years or more are not statistically different from the native-born. Family characteristics, including measures of exposure to the formal health care system, slightly reduce the size of the effects but do not alter the basic relationship between duration of residence and health care utilization. These results suggest that, net of socioeconomic characteristics, access to health insurance, and differences in morbidity, recent immigrants are much less likely than both the native-born and those immigrants of longer duration, to receive timely health care.
Adult↗
Assessment of oral malodor in dogs.
This paper describes a methodology for measuring and assessing changes in canine oral malodor with the intent that it can be used to evaluate products designed to make pets' breath more acceptable to their owners. Ten judges, able to discriminate and rank malodorous chemical compounds, were trained as a formal sensory panel by an expert in sensory evaluation techniques. The panel was assembled to determine changes in oral malodor resulting from dietary manipulation. A dry experimental food served as the test food, and a commercial dry dog food as the reference food. Dogs fed the experimental food developed significantly less oral malodor (p < 0.01) than when they were fed the control food.
Animal Feed↗
Insights from latent partition analysis into categories inherent in wellness-illness.
How health-disease is perceived or conceptualized is important for nursing research. There is increasing evidence that individual representations are important in constructing the experience of health-disease. What is the personal saliency of health-disease for the individual? To explore the patterns of meaning inherent in health-disease, a card sort was undertaken among 15 healthy individuals and 15 individuals with chronic renal disease. Both groups were given 28 cards to sort twice: once for when they felt 'well' and again for when they felt 'ill'. The theoretical basis underlying the items of the card sort was a model of wellness-illness being developed. Latent partition analysis was used to cluster the concepts from each data set followed by multi-dimensional scaling to analyse the structure of the intercategory probability estimates. A possible unidimensional pattern of meaning (harmony) emerged for the 'well' data and a two-dimensional pattern (disharmony and optimism) for the 'ill' data. This represents a preliminary step in the development of a theoretical model that would permit assessment of the meaning of health-disease for the individual.
Adult↗
Poverty among older Americans: the plight of nonmetropolitan elders.
Elderly persons in nonmetropolitan areas are more likely to be poor than their metropolitan counterparts, and the gap between them increases with age. This study provides a comprehensive empirical comparison of the nature of income poverty among metropolitan (metro) and nonmetropolitan (nonmetro) elders. Drawing on the 1990 Current Population Survey, we document differences in poverty by age and for various demographic subgroups of the elderly population. These analyses show that poverty rates are higher among nonmetro elders for virtually all demographic subgroups. We estimate logistic regression models to predict the likelihood that elders are poor to separate the effects of population composition from those of nonmetro residence. We find that even after controlling for age, sex, race, marital status, and living arrangements, nonmetro elders are more likely to be poor than those in metro areas.
Adolescent↗
Wellness: the dialectic of illness.
From a review of empirical and theoretical work, a model of wellness-illness evolved. The unfolding of events associated with wellness-illness is depicted as a generic paradigm with health, disease, wellness and illness existing in a dialectical relationship. Although distinct, health-disease and wellness-illness are neither mutually exclusive nor polar opposites. Rather, they are one in the same process, acknowledging the changing person in the changing world. Wellness-illness is the human experience of actual or perceived function-dysfunction through the interaction of cognitive-affective dimensions. This experience arises out of intrapersonal, interpersonal, health-disease-related and extra-personal factors.
Disease↗
NHLBI workshop summary. Idiopathic pneumonia syndrome after bone marrow transplantation.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
Evaluation of milk antibiotic residue screening tests in cattle with naturally occurring clinical mastitis.
Milk from 172 commercial cows with mild to moderate clinical mastitis was tested with five antibiotic residue detection assay systems. One hundred cows were treated with one of two intramammary beta-lactam antibiotics, and the remaining 72 cows were treated with intramuscular oxytocin. Milk samples were collected pretreatment, twice after therapy, and again 21 d following the initiation of treatment. Presumptive false-positive assay results were tabulated from all pretreatment and 21-d milk samples and from samples collected following oxytocin therapy. The percentage of false-positive results was 43.6, 37.7, 81.7, 2.6, and 18.8% for the CITE probe (beta-lactam), Delvotest-P, Charm Farm, LacTek (beta-lactam), and Bacillus stearothermophilus var. calidolactis disk assay, respectively. In four of the assay systems, average SCC were significantly higher in samples yielding false-positive results than in those with negative results. Specificity and sensitivity were estimated for each assay system, and, based on these estimates, positive and negative predictive value curves were graphed as the prevalence of milk samples containing detectable concentrations of exogenous antibiotic residues in the sample population was varied from 0 to 100%.
Animals↗
Elaiophylin as a rumen fermentation efficiency enhancer.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Animals↗