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Biomedical subjects

L Jenkins

Publications and source records attributed to L Jenkins.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Psychiatric and psychological morbidity as a function of adaptive disability in preschool children with aggressive and hyperactive-impulsive-inattentive behavior.

Children with high levels of aggressive-hyperactive-impulsive-inattentive behavior (AHII; n = 154) were subdivided into those with (n = 38) and without (n = 116) adaptive disability (+AD/-AD) defined as a discrepancy between expected versus actual adaptive functioning. They were compared to each other and a control group of 47 normal children. Both AHII groups were more likely to have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder than control children; more symptoms of general psychopathology; greater social skills deficits; more parental problems; and lower levels of academic achievement skills. Compared to AHII - AD children, AHII + AD children had (1) more conduct disorder; (2) greater inattention and aggression symptoms; (3) more social problems, less academic competence, and poorer self-control at school; (4) more severe and pervasive behavior problems across multiple home and school settings; and (5) parents with poorer child management practices. Thus, adaptive disability has utility as a marker for more severe and pervasive impairments in AHII children.

Achievement↗
PubMed1998

A case-control study of true-positive versus false-negative cervical smears in women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) III.

Cervical smears (n = 150) from five departments showing high-grade dyskaryosis were examined by three cytologists. All the smears came from patients with biopsy-proven CIN III. One hundred had been correctly reported (true positives) but 50 had originally been reported as negative and had been found to be positive only on review (false negatives). There were significant differences between the two sets in the characteristics of the dyskaryotic cell population. The false-negative smears tended to have fewer than 200 dyskaryotic cells. The nuclei of the dyskaryotic cells tended to have fine rather than coarse nuclear chromatin. A smear with fewer than 50 dyskaryotic cells is 26 times more likely to be reported as negative than one with more than 200 dyskaryotic cells. The results suggest that there is a type of severely dyskaryotic smear that is inherently likely to be missed on routine screening.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1998

Molecular cytogenetic evidence for a common breakpoint in the largest inverted duplications of chromosome 15.

Chromosomes from 20 patients were used to delineate the breakpoints of inverted duplications of chromosome 15 (inv dup[15]) that include the Prader-Willi syndrome/Angelman syndrome (PWS/AS) chromosomal region (15q11-q13). YAC and cosmid clones from 15q11-q14 were used for FISH analysis, to detect the presence or absence of material on each inv dup(15). We describe two types of inv dup(15): those that break between D15S12 and D15S24, near the distal boundary of the PWS/AS chromosomal region, and those that share a breakpoint immediately proximal to D15S1010. Among the latter group, no breakpoint heterogeneity could be detected with the available probes, and one YAC (810f11) showed a reduced signal on each inv dup(15), compared with that on normal chromosomes 15. The lack of breakpoint heterogeneity may be the result of a U-type exchange involving particular sequences on either homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids. Parent-of-origin studies revealed that, in all the cases analyzed, the inv dup(15) was maternal in origin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Culture, law and psychiatry in Hawaii.

Hawaii is a set of islands with a broad mix of cultures. The law is American, but it was predominantly derived from English Common Law. Thus, the law is derived from a very distant culture. Theoretically, this 'transplanted' law could cause difficulties for people from Pacific cultures. Indeed, it appears to create difficulties for individuals with mental illness. A substantial number of these people are arrested for disobedience of a law that is not sensible for their culture. This problem is an example of the need for cultural knowledge when a psychiatrist conducts an examination for the legal system. An individual may appear legally guilty or medically insane when acting within cultural norms.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

A nurse-managed smoking cessation intervention during diagnostic testing for lung cancer.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To determine the effectiveness of a nurse-managed smoking cessation intervention. DESIGN: Prospective, descriptive, one-group, pretest/post-test. SETTING: Urban, academic, tertiary-care setting. SAMPLE: Fifteen adult male and female smokers with a suspected diagnosis of lung cancer who were admitted to an inpatient thoracic surgery unit for diagnostic testing. METHODS: Subjects received a nurse-managed smoking cessation intervention during hospitalization with subsequent verification of smoking status at a clinic visit six weeks postintervention. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: Self-reported smoking status and saliva cotinine levels at six weeks postintervention. FINDINGS: Eighty-seven percent of subjects reported an intent to quit smoking within the month. At six weeks postintervention, 93% of the subjects reported at least one cessation attempt, and 40% were confirmed, via saliva cotinine analysis, as abstinent from smoking during the prior week. CONCLUSIONS: A nurse-managed smoking cessation intervention was successful in achieving short-term cessation. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Hospitalization for diagnostic testing associated with lung cancer may represent an opportunity for nurses to deliver a smoking-cessation intervention.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Women: work and health.

OBJECTIVES: This report describes the sociodemographics, household characteristics, and health of women according to workforce status and job conditions. The report also presents data on men for comparison. METHODS: This report combines data from numerous data systems, including: The National Health Interview Survey, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, National Maternal and Infant Health Survey, National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities Surveillance System, and the National Occupational Mortality Surveillance System, which are conducted by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries and Annual Survey of Occupational injuries and illnesses conducted by the U.S. Department of Labor; and the Current Population Survey conducted by the U.S. Department of Commerce. The report also presents selected tables from publications of the Women's Bureau and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. RESULTS: The report presents summary data on physical conditions and exposures, health conditions attributed to work, other health conditions that impact on work, health promotion in the workplace, and health-related benefits provided by employers. Most estimates are shown according to sex, age, race, ethnicity, educational attainment, and major occupational group.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1996

Survival after repeat hepatic resection for recurrent colorectal hepatic metastases.

BACKGROUND: This is a retrospective clinical study done to examine survival of patients undergoing repeat hepatic resection for recurrent colorectal hepatic metastases. METHODS: The records of 131 patients undergoing hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer were reviewed. Curative resection was performed in 107 of these patients. Thirty-one experienced recurrences confined to the liver. Thirteen (13 of 107, 12%) of them underwent resection and make up the study population. RESULTS: The eight men (62%) and five women (38%) had a median age of 60 years (range, 32 to 75 years). In 30% of patients recurrence developed near the original resection site. In 70% the recurrences were remote from the original site. The patients underwent a total of six wedge resections, two left lateral segmentectomies, three right lobectomies, and two trisegmentectomies. Average blood loss was 2995 cc; average hospital stay was 17.2 days. Morbidity was 23% (3 of 13); mortality was 8% (1 of 13). Four patients died of recurrent disease, with a mean disease-free survival of 9.7 months (median, 7.5 months; range, 3 to 21 months) and mean total survival of 39 months (median, 24 months; range, 8 to 99 months). One of these patients had a second recurrence resected at month 21 and lived an additional 78 months. Seven patients were alive with no evidence of disease, with a mean follow-up time of 34.9 months (median, 14 months; range, 1 to 186 months). Actual 5-year survival was 23% (3 of 13). Actual disease-free 5-year survival was 15% (2 of 13). CONCLUSIONS: In properly selected patients morbidity, mortality, and survival after repeat resection are similar to those after initial resection.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Molecular cytogenetic analysis of inv dup(15) chromosomes, using probes specific for the Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome region: clinical implications.

Twenty-seven cases of inverted duplications of chromosome 15 (inv dup [15]) were investigated by FISH with two DNA probes specific for the Prader-Willi syndrome/Angelman syndrome (PWS/AS) region on proximal 15q. Sixteen of the marker chromosomes displayed two copies of each probe, while in the remaining 11 markers no hybridization was observed. A significant association was found between the presence of this region and an abnormal phenotype (P < .01). This is the largest study to date of inv dup(15) chromosomes, that uses molecular cytogenetic methods and is the first to report a significant association between the presence of a specific chromosomal region in such markers and an abnormal phenotype.

Adolescent↗