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Biomedical subjects

L James

Publications and source records attributed to L James.

89 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

L-carnitine treatment in glutaric aciduria type I.

Patients with organic aciduria may have a higher than normal requirement for L-carnitine. In a patient with type I glutaric aciduria, serum total L-carnitine levels were 8.5 microM (normal, 54.4 +/- 14.2 [2 SD] microM). After treatment with L-carnitine for 1 month, serum levels of both free and total L-carnitine were normal with an acyl-to-total ratio of 0.18. The fractional clearance rates of free and acylcarnitine were increased fourfold by treatment. Acetylcarnitine accounted for a lower than normal percentage of acylcarnitine recovered in serum and urine. Data suggest that this patient may have been carnitine-deficient.

Carnitine↗
PubMed1977

Hemoglobin alpha chain deficiency in black children with variable quantities of hemoglobin Bart's at birth.

Hematologic and globin chain synthesis studies have been made in 21 children, aged 2 to 6 years, many of their parents, and several normal adults and alpha-thalassemia heterozygotes. At birth, 11 children had about 5% hemoglobin (Hb) Bart's, 5 had about 2% Hb Bart's, and 5 had no trace of Hb Bart's. A significant decrease in mean corpuscular volume. (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) values and an increase in the beta/alpha ratio was observed in the first group; microcytosis and hypochromia were absent in the children of the second group although the beta/alpha ratio was significantly increased. The alpha chain deficiency is familial. Increased alpha/alpha ratios were present in many parents although only two parents of children with 5% Hb Bart's at birth had hematologic findings suggestive of the presence of the same type of defect as observed in the children with the larger amount of Hb Bart's at birth.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Effect of treadmill exercise on asthmatic children.

Measurement of peak expiratory flow rate before and after treadmill walking repeated at hourly intervals in asthmatic children disclosed progressive decreases in exercise-induced asthma. Treadmill running was followed by more extreme excercise-induced bronchospasm than treadmill walking. Exercise-induced asthma occurred in some children whose heart rates did not reach 160 during treadmill exercise, and heart rate during exercise was not correlated with the extent of exercise-induced bronchospasm.

Asthma↗
PubMed1976

Oxalate (Halogeton) poisoning of sheep: certain physiopathologic changes.

Certain clinical changes associated with acute oxalate (halogeton) poisoning were determined in sheep given (by stomach tube into the rumen) a lethal dose of Halogeton glomeratus. Plasma concentrations of calcium and calcium ion activity decreased over several hours to such low levels that tetany or coma occurred and death followed. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of calcium did not reflect the degree of hypocalcemia. In 2 pregnant sheep administered halogeton, the plasma concentration of calcium in the fetus did not decrease despite the appearance of severe maternal hypocalcemia. Increases in plasma total inorganic phosphate and magnesium concentrations occurred as the hypocalcemia progressed. Hyperglycemia was often marked as hypocalcemia became severe; however, as hyperglycemia increased, plasma immunoreactive insulin concentrations remained inappropriately low in relation to the plasma concentration of glucose. Intravenous infusion of a calcium solution at this time was associated with marked increase in immunoreactive insulin concentration and a decrease in glucose concentration. Ruminal activity, as measured by frequency and amplitude of contractions of the rumen, was greatly reduced as hypocalcemia progressed. Seemingly, body temperature became lowered as severity of the hypocalcemia progressed. Seemingly, body temperature became lowered as severity of the hypocalcemia increased, as determined by intramuscularly or intraperitoneally implanted temperature telemetry devices. However, the occurrence of tetany and the fleece covering could either modify or reverse this decrease in body temperature.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Selective attention and auditory event-related potentials in somatization disorder.

Janet suggested a disorder of attention was fundamental to hysteria. This idea was investigated in this study by examining mismatch negativity (MMN), which depends upon a subtraction of cortical potentials evoked by background stimuli from those evoked by target stimuli. Ten patients with somatization disorder (SMD) were compared with ten normal individuals. MMN was smaller in somatizers, particularly at the central recording site. One interpretation of this observation is that somatizers respond more similarly than normals to "relevant" and "irrelevant" stimuli. This finding of an impairment in attentional processing in somatization disorder suggests a subtle neurophysiological disturbance.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of body temperature on accuracy of continuous cardiac output measurements.

Intermittent measurement of cardiac output is routine in the critically ill surgical patient. A new catheter allows real-time continuous measurement of cardiac output. This study evaluated the impact of body temperature variation on the accuracy of these measurements compared to standard intermittent bolus thermodilution technique. This prospective study in a university hospital surgical intensive care unit included 20 consecutive trauma patients. Data were collected with pulmonary artery catheters, which allowed both continuous (COC) and bolus (COB) thermodilution measurements. The catheter was placed through either the subclavian or internal jugular vein. Measurements for COB were performed using a bolus (10 cm3) of ice-cold saline with a closed-injectate delivery system at end-expiration. Computer-generated curves were created on a bedside monitor, and the average of three measurements within 10% of one another was used as COB. COC was determined as the average of the displayed CO before and after thermodilution CO measurements. Body temperature was measured from the pulmonary artery catheter and was grouped as < or =36.5 degrees C, 36.6-38.4 degrees C, and > or =38.5 degrees C. COB and COC were compared for agreement by plotting the mean of the differences (COB - COC) between the methods. The differences were plotted against the average of each pair and analyzed with linear regression. One hundred seventy-eight paired measurements were made over a period of 1 to 3 days. CO ranged from 3.7 to 15.5 L/min. Eighty-one percent of measurements were at a temperature of 36.5-38.4 degrees C. Approximately 7% of measurements were at a temperature below 36.5 degrees C and 11.2% were in patients with a core temperature above 38.5 degrees C. Correlation between the two techniques was 0.96, 0.91, and 0.82 for temperatures of < or =36.5 degrees C, 36.6-38.4 degrees C, and > or = 38.5 degrees C, respectively. In conclusion, the COC measurements correlate well with COB in trauma patients with a core temperature < or =38.5 degrees C. The accuracy degraded at higher temperatures, which may be related to the smaller signal-to-noise ratio at elevated body temperatures.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship between extent of burn injury and magnitude of microbial translocation from the intestine.

The gut can be a source of sepsis after thermal injury. In the present study the relationship between the extent of burn injury and magnitude of bacterial translocation was investigated. Mice underwent 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, or 50% total body surface area full-thickness burn and simultaneous gavage with 1 x 10(10) 14C-labeled Escherichia coli. mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, spleen, peritoneal fluid, and burn wound were excised 4 hours after burn injury. Residual radioactivity and bacterial colony counts were measured, and percentages of viable organisms were calculated. Results showed that the rate of translocation of 14C E. coli increased proportionally with the burn size, reaching a maximum at 30%. The cutaneous eschar collected a remarkable amount of labeled bacteria, suggesting enteric microflora as a possible source of contamination of the burn wound via endogenous routes. The percentage of viable organisms in the tissues demonstrated that the ability of mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, and eschar to clear translocated bacteria was directly affected by the severity of the burn injury.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A retrospective look at tip location and complications of peripherally inserted central catheter lines.

In 1982, Southern Regional Medical Center in Riverdale, Ga, instituted a program for selected intravenous nurses to insert and manage peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs). At present, approximately 125 to 150 PICCs are inserted annually by eight experienced IV nurses. In this retrospective study, the authors review medical record data on PICC insertions that occurred between January 1987 and December 1991. The optimal tip location is defined as the superior vena cava (SVC) and an anterior-posterior one-view chest x-ray is performed to confirm tip location. This study focuses on the initial location of the PICC and actions taken to correct the initial tip placement if not in the SVC. Medical records were reviewed for complications including mechanical phlebitis, infections, ruptured catheters, clotted catheters, or vein thromboses. The frequency of these complications, their prevention, and management are discussed.

Adolescent↗