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Biomedical subjects

L Jacobsson

Publications and source records attributed to L Jacobsson.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Phagocytosis and dynamic RES scintigraphy: an evaluation of commercial colloids in rats.

Reticuloendothelial system (RES) phagocytic function or capacity can be measured by clearance studies with test substances. This study in the rat examines three commercially available 99Tcm-labelled test substances, and different methods of calculating RES capacity. Albures size 500 nm and sulphur colloid size 600 nm used for liver scintigraphic imaging and Nanocoll size 50 nm used for bone-marrow scintigraphic imaging were tested. The rats were examined under a gamma camera and the uptake by the liver, clearance from the heart and clearance from blood samples were recorded. Different amounts of substances were tested. The final uptake in different organs was recorded after the animals were sacrificed. Colloid size and stability were tested with a polycarbonate filter. (Nanocoll was found to have at least 10 times smaller colloid diameter, leading to a thousand times more particles per milligram). RES function was calculated as the uptake rate or clearance rate, k. In a logarithmic plot, the relationship between uptake or clearance and time was found to be linear between 90 and 300s and calculations of k in this interval are recommended. k-values selected from blood sample curves were 11 +/- 5 S.E.M. lower than those calculated from heart clearance curves or liver uptake curves. Increasing amounts of Nanocoll caused a decrease in uptake rate k. Albures and sulphur colloid could not be given in amounts that caused any change in k. Only Nanocoll could be given in sufficiently large amounts (above the critical dose) to challenge RES and avoid complete extraction from the circulation during first passage through RE organs. Nanocoll seems suitable for use in tests of RES function and the optimal amount was 0.03 mg per rat (0.6 X 10(12) particles).

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Tumor markers in mammary carcinoma. An evaluation of carcinoembryonic antigen, placental alkaline phosphatase, pseudouridine and CA-50.

In 104 patients with breast cancer, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) and the carbohydrate antigen CA-50 were analysed in serum. Excretion of the modified nucleoside, pseudouridine, was analysed in urine. The patients were subdivided in three different clinical stages according to disease manifestations. Levels of CEA and pseudouridine correlated to clinical stage and 58 per cent of the patients with distant metastases had elevated levels of CEA, compared with 36 per cent for pseudouridine. For PLAP and CA-50, the levels did not show any clear correlation to clinical stage. Increased activity of PLAP correlated strongly to tobacco smoking. A decrease in the level of CEA was observed following radical mastectomy. Increase in CEA levels predicted relapse in 5 out of 14 patients within about 3 to 6 months. In patients with tumor manifestations, elevated CEA levels predicted an inferior prognosis compared to those with ordinary levels.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1987

Hydroxyurea treatment of myeloproliferative disorders. Macro-megaloblastic blood and bone marrow changes.

Blood and bone marrow changes induced by continuous low-dose hydroxyurea treatment are described. A linear increase in mean red cell volume was observed after onset of therapy. The entire normocyte population was replaced by abnormally large erythrocytes within 150 days. The bone marrow morphology changed in megaloblastic direction. Bone marrow iron stores and number of sideroblasts increased, findings compatible with ineffective erythropoiesis. Serum folate and cobalamin levels remained normal. These morphologic changes might cause confusion when examining blood or bone marrow samples from patients treated with hydroxyurea.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1986

[Experimental hyperlipoproteinemia and arteriosclerosis in minipigs--effect of various drugs].

Experimental hyperlipoproteinemia and atherosclerosis were produced in mini-pigs of the Göttingen strain by adding egg yolk and cholesterol to the diet for one and a half year. Phenotyping of the hyperlipoproteinemia showed a great similarity with the human type IIa according to the Fredrickson classification system. Cholesterol ester-rich atherosclerotic lesions were developed, predominantly located in the abdominal aorta and the coronary arteries. Prophylactic treatment of the hyperlipoproteinemia with the drugs niceritrol (Perycit) and beta-pyridylcarbinol (Ronicol) significantly reduced the elevated plasma cholesterol level and reduced the degree of atherosclerosis in the abdominal aorta and the coronary arteries. Studies of the regression of the cholesterol ester accumulation showed an important difference between the two vascular regions. A very slow regression was observed in the abdominal aorta, while a more marked regression was present in the coronary arteries. Treatment with the drug clofibrate (Atromidin) normalized the plasma cholesterol level within a month and enhanced the regression of cholesterol esters in the coronary arteries.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Comparison of experimental hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in Göttingen mini-pigs and Swedish domestic swine.

Mini-pigs of the Göttingen strain and domestic swine of the Swedish Landrace were compared with respect to their susceptibility to alimentary hypercholesterolemia and experimental atherosclerosis. Hypercholesterolemia was produced in both strains by adding 11.2% egg yolk and 0.5% cholesterol to the diet. The plasma cholesterol rose significantly faster and reached a higher level in the mini-pigs than in the domestic swine. In both strains most of the elevated plasma cholesterol was found in the low density lipoprotein fraction. The basal plasma triglyceride level was higher in the mini-pigs and increased transiently in this strain when the lipid-rich diet was given. After 18 months of hypercholesterolemia all animals were killed and the aorta and the coronary arteries were examined for atherosclerotic lesions. The arterial content of free and esterified cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids were determined. From colour photographs of the aorta the percentage area of visible atherosclerosis in the abdominal part was calculated. Coronary arteries from both strains were sectioned and stained for microscopic investigation. Atherosclerotic lesions were found in the abdominal aorta in both strains and in the coronary arteries in the mini-pigs. In the coronary arteries from domestic swine no macroscopically visible atherosclerosis was found and the content of all arterial lipids was lower than in the mini-pigs. Microscopically, the coronary arteries from the mini-pigs showed pronounced intimal proliferative atheromatous lesions, whereas no atheromas were observed in the domestic swine. In the thoracic and abdominal aorta, however, there were no differences between the two strains, either with regard to the cholesterol and phospholipid content or in the atherosclerotic area. The content of triglycerides was somewhat higher in the abdominal aorta from mini-pigs than in that from domestic swine.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

An empirical study of borderline personality disorder and psychiatric suicides.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is closely related to suicidal behavior, and suicide attempts per se are considered a diagnostic criterion. However, there has been no previous study of completed suicides and BPD. The present study is based on a population of 134 consecutive psychiatric suicides from 1961 to 1980 in a catchment area of 250,000 inhabitants. Clinical records were retrospectively diagnosed according to the Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines and DSM-III. There was a progressive increase in proportion of borderline suicides during the time period. The overall proportion of BPD, however, was only 12%, indicating that borderline patients are not seriously overrepresented among patients committing psychiatric suicides. Demographic variables, earlier psychiatric care, and suicidal behavior in the borderline group are described and analyzed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Epidemiology of suicide in a Swedish county (Västerbotten) 1961-1980.

As the initial part of the development of a suicide prevention program in a county in northern Sweden, an epidemiologic study on all suicides in the Västerbotten county 1961-1980 was performed. The study confirms other studies which differentiate between an urban-alienated pattern and a rural-traditional. There is a considerable increase in the suicide rate during the 1970's in the county alongside the development of a marked difference between different socio-economic regions. The highest suicide rates are now found in the most sparsely populated mountainous areas in the western part and in the most rapidly expanding urban area.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

Double gammopathies: incidence and clinical course of 20 patients.

The presence of 2 M-components in single patients (double gammopathy) was studied retrospectively by means of the electrophoresis files in Umeå (serving a population of approximately 150 000 inhabitants). During the 11-year period 1974-1984, 109 000 electrophoreses were performed, among which 1034 patients with gammopathy were found. Of these, 20 (2%) had double gammopathy; 3 were associated with lymphoma, 7 with myelomatosis, 9 with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), and 1 with lupus erythematosus disseminatus. It is suggested that one subgroup of double gammopathy (6 patients) had a neoplastic cell clone combined with a normally regulated cell line, the latter marked by a transient M-component. Another subgroup (14 patients) seems to have 2 coexisting different neoplastic cell lines, with persistent double gammopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Influence of two different anaesthetic agents on the newborn and the correlation between foetal oxygenation and induction-delivery time in elective caesarean section.

The PO2 and acid-base balance (pH, PCO2 and base deficit) of the newborn, determined at the moment of birth and at 10 and 60 min after birth, were compared in two series of elective caesarean section, anaesthesia being induced with thiopentone in one series (n = 12), and with ketamine in the other (n = 16). The PO2 and acid base values of umbilical cord blood at birth were correlated with the induction delivery (ID) times of the total series of patients subjected to elective caesarean section (n = 28). The ID-times were varied between 2 and 10 min. The PO2, acid-base values and Apgar scores did not differ between the thiopentone and ketamine groups. A significant negative correlation between the PO2 of the newborn at the moment of birth and the ID-time was found in the thiopentone group. The study suggests that ketamine is a good alternative to barbiturate as an induction agent for caesarean section.

Anesthesia, Obstetrical↗
PubMed1985

Mental disorders in patients admitted to a general hospital in western Ethiopia 1960-1970.

An investigation was undertaken into the occurrence of mental disorders among patients admitted to a general hospital in western Ethiopia during a 10-year period. The proportion of patients with psychiatric diagnoses was low (0.7-2.3% per year). The findings as regards clinical picture are in accordance with other investigations from developing countries, viz. there is a high frequency of amorphous, easily precipitated and recurrent transient psychoses and hysterical symptoms and states. The findings are compared with data from a Swedish psychiatric clinic and discussed from the point of view of organizing psychiatric care in a developing country.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Psychiatric morbidity and psychosocial background in an outpatient population of a general hospital in western Ethiopia.

The psychiatric morbidity in 465 outpatients seen at a general hospital in western Ethiopia was found to be 18%. The great majority of cases had neurotic conditions often with a somatic shading, only six were psychotic. A few were themselves aware that they were suffering from mental disorders. There was no tendency for the mental disorders to be correlated to somatic disorders. The psychiatric morbidity rate seemed increased in women, in younger patients and in patients with higher educational level and income.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Acts of violence in a traditional western Ethiopian society in transition.

The present study describes 316 consecutive cases of deliberately inflicted injuries attending a general hospital in western Ethiopia. One third of the cases concerned economic conflicts about land, cattle, etc., one third interpersonal conflicts in the family, between neighbours, etc., and one third were alcoholically intoxicated people who had been in a fight for no apparent reason. The incidence of homicide was estimated to be at least 5-12 per 100,000 inhabitants per year, which is somewhat high. The role of psychiatric disorders seems to be very limited. The most serious conflicts occurred in rural areas and were economic in nature. As this investigation was made during the imperial, feudal period, it allows a comparison to be made with the new conditions after the revolutionary changes in the economic system.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Aspects of personality structure in Ethiopian and Swedish adolescents. A transcultural study with the Holzman inkblot technique.

A number of findings in different studies on mental health and disease in Ethiopia indicate differences in personality structure between traditional Ethiopians and people in Western countries. An attempt was made to study differences in personality structure between Ethiopian and Swedish adolescents. The projective Holtzman inkblot test was administered to a class of 12th grade Ethiopian students and a class of 11th grade Swedish students, using the group method. The Ethiopian students scored significantly higher on "anatomy" than the Swedish students and significantly lower on "integration", "abstract", "anxiety", "hostility" and "popular". These findings are discussed against the difference in socio-cultural background between the two groups, and it is concluded that the Holtzman inkblot technique could be a valuable tool in cross-cultural studies of personality variables.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The wish to have a child. A pilot-study of infertile couples.

All women (n = 30) who were to undergo microsurgical treatment for tubal infertility, and their partners (n = 29), were subject to individual interviews just before and 2 years after the tubal surgery. Initially, they answered an open question concerning their wish to have a child and then were asked to choose from a list of 36 alternatives, a maximum of five motives for having a child. The infertile couples' motives were compared with those of three reference groups: one group of 30 who had decided to continue their pregnancy, another group of 101 women who also planned to continue pregnancy and a third group of 459 women applying for legal abortion. All motives on the list were categorized as "philosophical", "social/cultural", "interpersonal" and "intrapsychic" motives. The interpersonal and intrapsychic motives dominated both the infertile women and their partners. A central motive was that a child is an ultimate expression of love between a man and a woman. The motives of the infertile couples, generally, did not differ from those of the reference groups.

Abortion Applicants↗
PubMed1985

Complement factor C4 in schizophrenia.

The complement factor C4 was studied in 165 schizophrenic patients and in 330 controls. A highly significant increase in the frequency of C4B deficiency (BQO) was found among the schizophrenic patients compared with controls (p less than 0.0005).

Complement C4↗