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Biomedical subjects

L Jacobson

Publications and source records attributed to L Jacobson.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Hepatic resection of metastatic testicular carcinoma: a further update.

BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was to update the multidisciplinary review of patients who underwent resection of hepatic metastases of nonseminomatous germ cell testicular carcinoma at the Indiana University Medical Center. METHODS: The study involved retrospective chart review for 57 patients who underwent hepatic resection for treatment of metastatic nonseminomatous testicular carcinoma between June 1974 and May 1996. Patients were categorized according to the worst postchemotherapy pathologic diagnosis. RESULTS: Chemotherapy has been highly effective in curing testicular carcinoma. However, even with platinum-based chemotherapy, one-third of patients either do not achieve complete cures or experience relapses. Since 1965, only 57 of the 2219 patients who underwent postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissections for treatment of testicular carcinoma at our center underwent hepatic resection for treatment of metastatic disease. Because teratomas have the propensity to degenerate into sarcomas and can cause symptoms resulting from compression, these lesions must be resected to achieve cures. In addition, the only chance for survival for patients with active disease but normal serum marker levels is with complete resection of the tumor burden. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that hepatic resection for treatment of metastatic testicular carcinoma is safe and efficacious for all patients except those with elevated marker levels after preoperative chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Alpha-Bungarotoxin binding to human muscle acetylcholine receptor: measurement of affinity, delineation of AChR subunit residues crucial to binding, and protection of AChR function by synthetic peptides.

Alpha-Bungarotoxin (alpha-BuTx) binds with high affinity to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) of most species, mainly to sequences around the two cysteines at positions 192 and 193 of the alpha-subunit, but other sequences of the alpha-subunit and of the adjacent gamma- or epsilon- and delta-subunits are also important in the native molecule. Alpha-BuTx binds strongly to human AChR but the short alpha neurotoxins, for instance Erabutoxin B, are relatively ineffective at the human neuromuscular junction. In this article we compare the affinity of 125I-alpha-BuTx for Torpedo and human muscle AChR and the ability of neurotoxins to inhibit this binding. We examine the contribution to alpha-BuTx binding of the three amino acids that differ between human and Torpedo AChR alpha-185-196. In addition, we show that an alpha-185-199, peptide that binds strongly to 125I-alpha-BuTx and can inhibit its binding in solution, is also capable of protecting the AChR on a cell line or at the neuromuscular junction. Such peptides might be useful in the treatment of acute envenoming or the autoantibody-mediated block of AChR function that can occur in human disorders.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Self-efficacy and exercise participation in sedentary adult females.

BACKGROUND: This study examined the importance of selected psychosocial and biometric variables in the prediction of exercise behavior in sedentary adult females. Specifically, the relationships among exercise behavior and instructor influence, self-efficacy cognitions, self-motivation, and body composition and their ability to predict exercise participation were evaluated. METHODS: Fifty-eight females volunteered to participate in an eight-week aerobic exercise program. Biometric and psychosocial variables were assessed prior to and following the program. Attendance data and activity logs provided participation data. Subjects were also contacted three months after program termination to assess their activity patterns at that time. RESULTS: Multivariate analyses of variance indicated that subjects categorized as high or low in either program or overall exercise participation differed significantly on body weight, efficacy cognitions, and post-program perceptions. Multiple regression analyses indicated that instructor influence (R2 = .116) and self-efficacy cognitions (R2 = .093) contributed to the variance in subjects' program attendance. However, only self-efficacy was a significant predictor of overall exercise levels (R2 = .125). Correlational analyses revealed a modest but significant difference between self-efficacy and regularity of exercise (r = .28) and duration of activity (r = .32) at follow-up. DISCUSSION: The findings are discussed in relation to the role that efficacy might play in exercise behavior.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting in two siblings with atypical pseudocholinesterase.

A 21-year-old white man was admitted with a diagnosis of mixed cellularity Hodgkin's lymphoma for staging laparotomy. His family history was positive for a brother who had both Hodgkin's lymphoma and atypical pseudocholinesterase. Serum pseudocholinesterase activity, dibucaine number and fluoride number were obtained, revealing markedly decreased pseudocholinesterase activity and dibucaine number, with an only slightly decreased fluoride number, consistent with homozygous type E1a atypical pseudocholinesterase. After induction of anesthesia using vecuronium, a staging laparotomy was performed without complication. Through a discussion of what is known of the genetics of Hodgkin's disease and atypical pseudocholinesterase, we conclude that the association between the two conditions is very rare but more likely due to chance than to genetic linkage.

Adult↗