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Biomedical subjects

L Jackson

Publications and source records attributed to L Jackson.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Historical communication: Philadelphia-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia followed for 27 years.

The patient we studied was diagnosed as having chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), possibly radiation-induced, in 1960 at age 9, and a Philadelphia chromosome was first demonstrated in the neoplastic cells in 1961. Her subsequent clinical course has been cyclic, requiring periodic therapy, but there has been no karyotypic progression. A study in 1987 continued to show the typical t(9;22) translocation as the only cytogenetic alteration, and concurrent molecular investigation of the neoplastic cells revealed a breakpoint cluster region rearrangement, also typical of CML. The chromosomal and molecular data provide no obvious explanation for her remarkably prolonged survival.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1988

Sensitivity to Parietaria pollen in the Southampton area as determined by skin-prick and RAST tests.

The pollen of Parietaria species is a well-recognized and important inhalant allergen in the Mediterranean area. Parietaria judaica (Pellitory-of-the-Wall) is native to the U.K., flowering from June to September, but is not usually considered to be of any clinical importance by U.K. allergists. We skin tested 62 patients with a clinical history of summer seasonal respiratory symptoms and a control group of 11 patients with perennial respiratory symptoms only. Each was skin tested in duplicate with extracts of grass pollen, birch pollen, Parietaria pollen, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Cladosporium, Alternaria, nettle pollen and negative and positive controls, and serum samples were collected for RAST assays for Parietaria and nettle. Eight of the 62 patients in the main group showed skin reactivity to Parietaria. Five of these eight had never visited the Mediterranean area and therefore it is possible that sensitization occurred in the U.K. Thirteen of the 62 patients were skin reactive to nettle but there was no correlation between skin reactivity to Parietaria and nettle. This supports a recent report that, despite their close botanical relationship, no antigenic cross-reactivity exists between the two species. No correlation was seen between skin reactivity and serum RAST activity to Parietaria or nettle. It is not known whether exposure to Parietaria pollen contributes to the seasonal symptoms of the patients found to be skin reactive. None of the 11 patients in the control group was skin reactive to Parietaria.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Sodium-Dependent Azotobacter chroococcum Strains Are Aeroadaptive, Microaerophilic, Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria.

Na -dependent strains of Azotobacter chroococcum were observed to have very low reactivities with the H(2)O(2) spot test for catalase. The cell extract of the representative Na -dependent strain 184 contained a catalase specific activity that was 10-to 600-fold lower than those found in Na -independent strains of A. chroococcum. Peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities existed in all strains, although only certain Na -dependent strains contained a peroxidase reactive with p-phenylenediamine. The activities of catalase and peroxidase in the Na -dependent strain 184 were dependent on iron availability, which helped to explain the iron-dependent growth characteristic of this strain. The activities of these enzymes were not increased by subjecting the cells to increased aeration, nitrogen-fixing conditions, or paraquat. Strain 184 was found to be very sensitive to H(2)O(2) or paraquat, even under iron-sufficient conditions, and was difficult to recover quantitatively on solid plating media. Strain 184 was more susceptible to H(2)O(2) when grown under low-aeration, nitrogen-fixing conditions than when it was grown in the presence of NH(4). Low population densities of strain 184 grew in nitrogen-free medium under microaerophilic conditions, while more dense populations were able to fix nitrogen under aerobic conditions. Therefore, these bacteria appeared to be aeroadaptive, microaerophilic, nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1988

Maternal age-specific rates of 47,+21 and other cytogenetic abnormalities diagnosed in the first trimester of pregnancy in chorionic villus biopsy specimens: comparison with rates expected from observations at amniocentesis.

Results are presented on chromosome analyses made on 4,481 embryos or fetuses studied through chorionic villus sampling (CVS) in whom there was no known bias to presence of a chromosome abnormality except advanced parental age. We excluded from the analysis most cases in which mosaicism was diagnosed or in which there were cytogenetic discrepancies among samples obtained from the conceptus. There remain 48 cases of 47,+21, 39 cases of other nonlethal abnormalities, and 12 lethal abnormalities diagnosed in 4,481 studied. A regression analysis (restricted to the 3,848 cases diagnosed in the 35-49-year maternal age interval) was done on rates of (1) 47,+21, (2) other abnormalities excluding lethals or (3) including them, and (4) all abnormalities excluding lethals or (5) including them. The model used was y = exp(bx + c), where y is the rate of abnormality, x is maternal age at time of CVS (the modal age of the procedure was 10 gestational weeks from the last menstrual period), and b and c were, respectively, (1) 0.288 and -15.527; (2) 0.272 and -15.173; (3) 0.253 and -14.141; (4) 0.282 and -14.753; and (5) 0.271 and -14.195. We also derived rates of abnormalities at the time of CVS that would be predicted from rates (of nonmosaics) at amniocentesis after adjustment for the difference in gestational age between the usual times that these two procedures are done. The difference between the numbers of abnormalities predicted on the basis of these adjusted amniocentesis rates and the numbers observed at CVS provides an estimate of the spontaneous loss of embryos and fetuses between the usual gestational ages of these procedures. In these data, for 47,+21 the estimated proportion lost is 21% but the result is not significant at the .05 level. For other abnormalities excluding lethals the estimated spontaneous loss is 29% (P approximately .05); including lethals it is 44%. For all abnormalities, excluding lethals, pooled together, the estimate is 24%; including lethals it is 33%. The last three values are all significant at the .05 level or lower. The observed rates of abnormalities at CVS would be approximately 10% to 15% higher if one pooled diagnosed mosaics with the nonmosaics, but the estimated proportion of spontaneous fetal loss would be lower.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Acupuncture: an important treatment option.

In recent years acupuncture has gained increasing acceptance in this country as a treatment option for certain painful conditions. At the same time, nurse practitioners are seeing greater numbers of Asian immigrants whose beliefs about health and illness are based on the theory of Chinese traditional medicine. This article provides an explanation of Chinese traditional medicine and the use of acupuncture in that context, so that nurse practitioners may take these beliefs into account when planning care for Asian clients. Information on the use of acupuncture from a Western health care perspective is also presented to give nurse practitioners an understanding of this treatment, which will enable them both to explain it to clients and to refer them for acupuncture when appropriate.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1987

A predictive test for Huntington's disease: recombinant DNA technology and implications for nursing.

A genetic marker for Huntington's disease has been located through the use of new recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) technology. As a result, researchers can now identify presymptomatic individuals who will develop this disease. Recently, the same approach used to locate the Huntington's disease marker led to the discovery of gene markers for Alzheimer's disease and manic-depressive illness. It is likely that clinical tests for this and other neurogenetic diseases will soon become available. The ability to perform presymptomatic and prenatal testing on individuals at risk for genetic diseases raises difficult ethical, social, and psychological issues. It is imperative that nurses understand the technology involved and be prepared to help clients cope with the profound effects genetic testing will have on their lives. Using the example of the discovery of the genetic marker for Huntington's disease, this article examines one aspect of current recombinant DNA technology, discusses the major issues raised by the availability of a predictive test, and looks at implications for nursing care.

DNA, Recombinant↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of a positive expiratory pressure (PEP) mask with postural drainage in patients with cystic fibrosis.

The use of a positive expiratory pressure (PEP) mask was compared with postural drainage in the treatment of 10 patients with cystic fibrosis. The patients were allocated randomly in a crossover fashion to the two regimens and evaluated initially by a physiotherapist and over a 4 week treatment period by use of a diary card. There was no significant difference in sputum production or change in lung function between each technique as assessed by the physiotherapist. Diary card evaluation also failed to demonstrate a difference in sputum production, symptom score or peak expiratory flow rate between the 4 week treatment periods. It was concluded that PEP mask therapy is an acceptable and effective alternative to postural drainage in interval therapy of patients with cystic fibrosis, although the patients have tended to revert to postural drainage during acute exacerbations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Determination of plasma amino acids by gas chromatography.

A complete methodology, incorporating a novel clean-up technique, for quantitative determination of amino acids in plasma by gas chromatography is described. Glucose, a component causing major analytical interference, is removed by an enzymic reaction included in the pre-chromatographic clean-up. The procedure for derivatisation of amino acid standards is shown to be reproducible down to a level of 2.5 micrograms for each amino acid, relative standard deviations for all amino acids except arginine and histidine being 3% or lower. For the entire procedure applied to plasma, relative standard deviations for most amino acids are below 5% with recoveries ranging from 90 to 120%. Normal values, obtained using eighteen plasma samples, are in reasonable agreement with published data. Plasma amino acid values were determined simultaneously by gas chromatographic and ion-exchange chromatographic techniques. Statistical evaluation shows there to be no significant difference between corresponding values for eleven amino acids. Values for tyrosine, histidine and particularly phenylalanine show significant differences (p less than 0.001).

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1986

Psychiatric, neurological, and psychoeducational characteristics of 15 death row inmates in the United States.

The authors present the results of clinical evaluations of 15 death row inmates, chosen for examination because of the imminence of their executions and not for evidence of neuropsychopathology. All had histories of severe head injury, five had major neurological impairment, and seven others had other, less serious neurological problems (e.g., blackouts, soft signs). Psychoeducational testing provided further evidence of CNS dysfunction. Six subjects had schizophreniform psychoses antedating incarceration and two others were manic-depressive. The authors conclude that many condemned individuals probably suffer unrecognized severe psychiatric, neurological, and cognitive disorders relevant to considerations of mitigation.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Viral infections and cell-mediated immunity in immunodeficient homosexual men with Kaposi's sarcoma treated with human lymphoblastoid interferon.

Herpesviral infections and cellular immunity were studied in 19 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who were treated with human lymphoblastoid interferon for Kaposi's sarcoma. Before treatment, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus were isolated from 18 of 19 patients and 13 of 14 patients, respectively. Serum levels of interferon were measurable in all cases. Concanavalin A induced lymphocyte proliferation normally in 16 of 18 patients, but CMV induced proliferation in only nine of 18 patients. Natural killer cell activity was normal in 12 of 19 patients and was augmented in vitro by interferon in six of 19 subjects. CMV-specific HLA-restricted cytotoxic T cell activity was found in only two of 15 cases. With therapy, serum levels of interferon increased in 15 of 18 patients. There were two partial tumor remissions but no improvements in viral infections. Natural killer cell activity was decreased in 11 of 14 cases, and in vitro augmentation by interferon was absent in all five previous responders. CMV-specific T cell activity did not improve, but HLA-unrestricted cytotoxicity was increased in four of eight cases.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗