Standardization of allergens by means of monoclonal antibodies.
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Allergens↗
Biomedical subjects
L Jäger
Publications and source records attributed to L Jäger.
IgE rheumatoid factor. Occurrence and diagnostic importance in comparison with IgM rheumatoid factor and circulating immune complexes.
The sera of 80 patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA)--30 of them with extraarticular manifestations (EAM) and 50 patients with articular disease only--of 25 patients with other joint diseases and of 30 normal healthy subjects, were analyzed for the presence of 1) IgE rheumatoid factors (IgE RF) by means of a solid phase radioimmunoassay and an ELISA, 2) IgM rheumatoid factors by using solid phase radioimmune techniques, and 3) circulating immune complexes (CIC) with the C1q binding test (C1q BT) and the solid phase conglutinin binding test (SPCBT). The best technique to discriminate RA patients with EAM from RA patients without EAM and patients with other articular diseases was the determination of IgE RF (73.3%, 38.0%, 0%, resp.) compared to IgM RF (86.7%, 78.0%, and 56.0%) and CIC (C1q BT: 80.0%, 66.0% and 45.0%; SPCBT: 46.7%, 22.0%, and 20.0%). The results suggest a certain role of IgE RF for diagnosis and a possible development of extraarticular manifestations in rheumatoid arthritis.
Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
Structure of respiratory allergens.
Respiratory allergens from one of the most important group of allergens. Except for professional allergens they are characterized by an enormous heterogeneity including a restricted number of major allergens. By means of modern immunological, chemical and genetic techniques some of them are, at least partially, characterized. Immunogenicity depends on a restricted area of the molecules. These epitopes seem to be in principle different for B cells (antibodies) and T cells. The strategies to improve immunodiagnosis are, therefore, not necessarily identical with those for the development of immunotherapy. The present data on selected respiratory allergens are summarized.
Allergens↗
[Determination of circulating immune complexes and of their component immunoglobulin classes M, G, and A with a C1q-ELISA].
In 353 sera (from healthy donors as well as patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, hepatitis, malignant melanoma) circulating immune complexes were determined by C1q-binding test and a C1q solid-phase ELISA. Using peroxidase-labelled antibodies (from rabbit) against human mu-, gamma-, and alpha-heavy chains, the immunoglobulin classes in the complexes were determined. In rheumatoid arthritis, immune complexes contain IgM more frequently (41.5%) than in systemic lupus erythematosus (10%). Immune complexes containing only IgA as immunoglobulin were found in 24 cases. Our results including binding experiments with chemically aggregated IgA suggest, that the binding of C1q to IgA is not necessarily followed by classical complement activation.
Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
Phase-I study of diacetyl-splenopentin (BCH 069).
BCH 069 is a new synthetic pentapeptide with thymic hormone-like activity. Two groups of patients received 50 mg BCH 069 or placebo by subcutaneous injection for 4 weeks 3 times weekly. The third group of patients received 50 mg BCH 069 by intravenous injection for 6 weeks 3 times weekly. The therapy was carried out during the peak of the pollen season. We observed the following clinical and biochemical activities of BCH 069: - flush symptom with a feeling of heat during intravenous administration of 50 mg/10 ml but not during 50 mg/20 ml, - decrease of triglyceride serum level, - decrease of SGOT- and SGPT serum levels, - increase of lipase serum level, - decrease of hemoglobin. - All changes of the biochemical parameters were not outside of the normal laboratory values. The disease-specific inflammatory changes were not seen in the intravenously treated group. The administration route is very important for the clinical side effect but not for drug induced biochemical changes. It can be concluded that BCH 069 is a well tolerated drug.
Alanine Transaminase↗
[Production and characterization of a high affinity monoclonal antibody with digoxin and digitoxin specificity].
A monoclonal antibody with a high affinity for digoxin (KA = 5.5 x 10(10) M-1) and digitoxin KA = 5.0 x 10(10) M-1) was produced by somatic cell fusion. This antibody, designated 2A3, displayed little cross reactivity with other glucosides and no cross reactivity with endogenous steroids. It was shown that 2A3 is a suitable tool in an enzyme immunoassay for digoxin and digitoxin.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
[Quantitative determination of apolipoprotein AI in serum by the use of monoclonal antibodies in a noncompetitive ELISA].
A methodical base for estimation of apolipoprotein AI (apo AI) in the serum using a monoclonal antibody in a non-competitive ELISA is described. The technical approach is adjusted to commercial materials of the DDR industry. The assay allows to determine apo AI within the range of 5-100 micrograms apo AI/I. The Vk was 4% (within), and 8% (day to day). The monoclonal antibody used is directed against a native epitope which is fully exposed in the serum. Application of the SUMAL system further improves the practicability of the method. The assay should be suitable particularly for the recognition of epitopes of apo AI in serum HDL fractions associated with an atherogenic risk. The values obtained by the ELISA correspond to those measured turbidimetrically using polyclonal antibodies.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
[Disease-specific and non-specific seasonal parameter changes in hayfever patients].
10 patients have been treated by subcutaneous injections of placebo three times weekly for 4 weeks within a phase-I trial of BCH-069. Immunological, hematological and biochemical parameters were observed at different times: preseasonal, seasonal and postseasonal. --Some new observations are reported, which are induced by the seasonal inflammation. For example there was a strong increase of C-reactive protein and also an increase in the triglyceride level. --The parameters could be useful for trials of new antiallergic drugs in hay fever in the future.
Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
[Clinical and immunologic aspects in patients with agammaglobulinemia].
Agammaglobulinemia is a rare disease. The concentration of these patients provides efficacy of diagnosis and treatment. Within this group the "acquired" type in adulthood (CVID, n = 31) can be separated from the X-linked agammaglobulinemia of infants (n = 6). The former is characterized by variable clinical and immunological pictures. Common to both are sinubronchial infections and extremely low levels of all classes of immunoglobulins. IgG-levels below 4 g/l are usually accompanied by a more severe disease. For the first time an osteopathy in most cases of CVID has been described. Patients with agammaglobulinemia should remain under close control with regard to their clinical data as well as to the result of the substitution by adequate preparations of immunoglobulins. A certain association with HLA-B21 could be identified. In 4 families with several afflicted members this has, however, not the case. Immunological screening in first-degree relatives provides information for genetical counseling.
Adolescent↗
Isolation of timothy (Phleum pratense) allergens using affinity chromatography with monoclonal antibodies.
The monoclonal antibody 1 D11, directed against the timothy pollen allergens I, II, III, and a further, anodically migrating component, is suitable for the isolation of these allergens by means of affinity chromatography. The purified allergens consist of glycoproteins with many different isoelectric points. Their molecular weights were estimated as approximately the same as those of the allergens in the whole timothy pollen extract. Their allergenic activity (IgE binding) was not lost during the purification steps.
Allergens↗
[Principles of allergic reactions].
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Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity↗
[Allergen analysis of mugwort pollen (Artemisia vulgaris) using crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis and radioallergosorbent test inhibition].
It could be identified 43 antigens of mugwort pollen (Artemisia vulgaris), 31 migrating anodically and 12 cathodically, by means of crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE). Eleven antigens bound human IgE-antibodies in crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE). Two major allergens could be found, allergens 23 and 40.- The allergenic activity of mugwort pollen extract was examined by means of RAST-inhibition. Specificity of this reaction could be determined by a control trial with grass pollen extract.
Allergens↗
Determination of IgE rheumatoid factor. Comparison of a solid-phase radioimmunoassay and an enzyme immunoassay.
A solid-phase radioimmunoassay and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay have been developed for the identification of IgE rheumatoid factor (IgE RF). For both, human IgG was used as antigen. Bound IgE RF was detected by means of commercially available rabbit anti-human IgE antiserum and 125I-labelled sheep anti-rabbit IgG as well as monoclonal anti-human-epsilon-chain antibody and horse-radish peroxidase-labelled sheep anti-mouse IgG. The presence of IgM RF did not cause false positive results. Correlation in the results of both assays were significant, the reproducibility was very good. In 50.6% of 79 sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis IgE RF has been detected with both or one of the methods. Only in 1 out of 12 seronegative rheumatoid arthritis sera IgE RF was identified.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
[Enzyme immunoassay for the determination of IgE antibodies specific for grass pollen allergens using monoclonal antibodies of the BL-IgE series. 1. Methodologic study and optimization of the test system].
The development and optimization of an enzyme immunoassay for the determination of allergen specific antibodies of the IgE-class using a standardized grass pollen allergen and the monoclonal antibody BL-IgE 9 is described.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
[Enzyme immunoassay for the determination of IgE antibodies specific to grass pollen allergens using monoclonal antibodies of the BL-IgE series. 2. Performance and results of a collaborative study to evaluate the test system].
This paper describes performance and results of a collaborative study in which the solid-phase enzyme immunoassay was tested in order to determine specific IgE under practical conditions. All titres of specific IgE can be differentiated in a reproducible way with high significance.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
[Allergologic-immunochemical study of various tree pollens. I. Characterization of antigen and allergen components in birch, beech, alder, hazel and oak pollens].
In previous experiments it was found that birch, beech, alder, hazel and oak are pollens with importance in pathogenesis of early pollinosis in our region of Central Europe. Using crossed immuno-(CIE) and radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE) as well as immunoblotting following separation of pollen proteins by means of isoelectric focusing (IEF) and sodium-dodecyl-sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) the antigen and allergen patterns were investigated using a serum pool and individual sera. 29 antigens of birch, 32 antigens of beech, 29 antigens of alder, 24 antigens of hazel and 31 antigens of oak pollens as well as the thermostable major allergen B of birch pollen, the allergen Ca of beech, the allergen A of alder, the allergen Co of hazel and the allergen Q of oak pollen could be identified. Molecular weights and isoelectric points of these allergens were determined.
Allergens↗
[Allergologic-immunochemical study of tree and bush pollen. II--Study of the sensitization spectrum of patients with seasonal rhinitis in the spring].
80 patients sera were investigated by means of radioallergosorbent test (RAST) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Specific IgE antibodies against ten various tree pollens were determined. There is a significant correlation between RAST and ELISA results. It was found that birch, beech, alder, hazel and oak pollens are most important as causes of springtime hay fever. 75% of patients had increased specific IgE-titres against these pollens whereas maple, poplar, elm, sallow and ash allergens more often gave negative or only weak positive test results.
Antibody Specificity↗
[Allergologic-immunochemical study of tree and bush pollen. III--Cross reactions of human IgE antibodies with various tree pollen allergens].
Partial identity between the major allergens of birch, beech, alder, hazel and oak pollen extract could be identified by means of RAST-, ELISA- and CRIE-inhibition as well as further types of crossed immunoelectrophoresis. It seems that spring time pollinosis in our region of Central Europe is caused principally by the major allergen of birch pollen. Cross reactivity between grass and tree pollen could not be found. Patients with symptoms in spring and summer time are double sensitized.
Antibody Specificity↗