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Biomedical subjects

L J Williams

Publications and source records attributed to L J Williams.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma: sometimes a form of pulmonary hamartoma.

Previous light and electron microscopic examinations of sclerosing hemangiomas of the lung have raised questions regarding their varying microscopic patterns and cells of origin. We describe two additional cases: one studied by light microscopy revealed the classic pattern of a sclerosing hemangioma of endothelial origin, and a second, studied by combined light and electron microscopy, had incomplete small peripheral airways and occasional alveolar-like spaces derived from epithelial and mesothelial cells. It is concluded that sclerosing hemangiomas of the lung may sometimes consist of admixtures of tissues of epithelial, mesothelial, and endothelial cell origins and thus represent a form of pulmonary hamartoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Mean platelet volume. The inverse relation of platelet size and count in normal subjects, and an artifact of other particles.

We measured whole-blood mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet count, determined by the Coulter Counter model S-Plus, in 683 normal subjects. There was nonlinear, inverse relation between MPV and platelet count throughout the normal range of platelet count: the change in MPV was most pronounced at the lower platelet counts. Because of this non-linear relation, "platelet-crit," the product of platelet count and MPV, was not constant, but varied directly with platelet count. Thus, the definition of "normal" values for MPV requires simultaneous reference to platelet count. In the whole blood of 13 patients, non-platelet cell fragments spuriously increased the automated platelet count. Seven patients with erythrocyte fragmentation had spuriously high MPV also: correct MPV and platelet count could be obtained from platelet rich plasma (PRP). In five patients with leukemic blast fragmentation, MPV remained spuriously low and platelet count spuriously high in PRP: only phase count allowed correct count. A patient with megakaryoblastic leukemia had megakaryoblast fragments confused for platelets.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata: two case reports and a review of the medical literature.

Two cases of Leiomyomatosis Peritonealis Disseminata (LPD) are presented and discussed in relation to the 10 cases that to date constitute the medical literature on this condition. LPD presents findings highly suggestive of disseminated malignant neoplasm within the abdomen. Even upon histologic examination, it may be confused with sarcoma, especially low grade leiomyosarcoma. Electron microscopic examination was required for a correct diagnosis in one of the cases reported. Two distinguishing characteristics of LPD are given and a conservative approach to therapy is recommended in view of the fact that spontaneous regression of the nodules has been reported in most cases. Deomgraphic and clinical data for all reported cases of LPD are tabulated.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Evidence for perceptual defense using a lexical decision task.

In a tachistoscopic experiment employing a lexical-decision task, it was demonstrated that emotional ("taboo") words are not responded to as quickly or as accurately as non-emotional ("neutral") words by 32 college students. The results suggest evidence for "perceptual defense" uncontaminated by response bias.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The status of methods of calibration in hematology.

Three years ago, the authors described methods for calibration and quality control of Coulter automated hematology instruments. These and other methods have received fairly widespread use in hematology laboratories. The effectiveness of such use was tested through special questionnaires conducted by the College of American Pathologists in 1978. Current information indicates no clear-cut advantages between fresh whole blood and preserved-cell control materials when properly used for calibration or quality control procedures. Minor but troublesome differences persistently appear between manual or semiautomated methods and in results on fully automated systems. Likewise, daily internal quality control may be monitored by preserved cells or by continuous process control using patient samples. The various systems for calibration and quality control have certain advantages and disadvantages.

Blood Cell Count↗
PubMed1979

Covert modeling vs. Behavior rehearsal in the training and generalization of assertive behaviors: a crossover design.

Twenty-four underassertive individuals from the community were assigned randomly to two treatment orders that included covert modeling and behavior rehearsal in a crossover design. Dependent measures included two self-report inventories and a behavioral assertiveness test. This test included a self-rating scale, two nonverbal measures, and eight measures of speech content. No measurable differences between treatments were found, and both significantly improved assertive skills on 10 of the 13 measures. However, Ss had greater expectations of improvement from behavior rehearsal both during and after treatment. Generalization of assertive skills from trained to untrained situations occurred on 8 of the 11 behavioral measures. Suggestions were made for exploring the use of covert modeling as a personal coping procedure capable of enhancing generalization and maintenance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Infant nutrition.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1979

Hyperthermic treatment of human tumors heterotransplanted in nude mice.

A new model is presented for the study of the effects of supranormal temperatures on human tumors in vivo. Human tumors heterotransplanted serially in nude mice were heated in vivo by means of local radio-frequency heating. A lung carcinoma, a breast carcinoma, a colon carcinoma, and a malignant melanoma were studied. The tumors were transplanted s.c. in the inguinal area or under the kidney capsule of adult nude mice. The s.c. tumors were heated for 30 min. Temperatures of 43--44 degrees C were reached in the surrounding normal tissues, whereas in the center of the tumor temperatures of 46--49 degrees C were recorded. In 11 of 16 randomized pairs of mice, the growth of the tumor treated by hyperthermia was inhibited by 75% or more as compared with the growth of the untreated tumor control. No mortality and only temporary damage to skin and muscle were observed. The kidney tumors were also treated for 30 min, but it was possible to reach only 40 degrees C in the abdomen. Seventy-five % mortality was observed. Of seven randomized pairs evaluated, five exhibited a reduction of growth varying from 37 to 63%9 The model proposed appears to be a workable and promising one, especially for s.c. growing tumors.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Eugenic sterilization: medico-legal and sociological aspects.

The court-ordered sterilization of a normal 18-year-old black female in North Carolina focused attention on the unfortunate impact of eugenic statutes that allow sterilization as a method of social control. The existence of these laws in many states allows misapplication and abuse of authority which, not infrequently, is directed liberally to blacks and other minority groups.Eugenic sterilization is, at this time, a legally accepted form of "medical treatment." The justification of such sterilization is the vague concept that the presumed "mentally deficient" individual is probably a potential parent of socially inadequate offspring who would likewise be socially inadequate.Since there never has been factual substantiation of whether the sterilization of these individuals will diminish the incidence of mental retardation, it is necessary to focus attention on the concept of eugenic sterilization and point out its many fallacies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Heterotransplantation of human cancers into nude mice: a model system for human cancer chemotherapy.

More than 200 human cancers have been successfully transplanted into nude athymic mice in our laboratory. Strict sterile techniques must be applied in caring for these animals and meticulous attention given to the preparation of the surgical specimens. That the tumors remain human in the mice has been documented by isozyme and karyotype analyses. Also, histopathologic comparisons between the original human tumors and their transplanted counterparts in the mice are strikingly similar or identical. Preliminary results of chemotherapy of human cancers in the nude mice are extremely encouraging. At this point, we believe that the greatest potential for the nude mice lies in their use in testing anticancer therapies for human neoplasms without placing the patients at risk.

Animals↗