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Biomedical subjects

L J Miller

Publications and source records attributed to L J Miller.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

In the absence of nutrients, pancreatic-biliary secretions in the jejunum do not exert feedback control of human pancreatic or gastric function.

Feedback inhibition of basal pancreatic enzyme secretion by luminal pancreatic enzymes appears to be an important regulator of pancreatic secretion in some laboratory animals. To determine whether pancreatic enzymes in the jejunum influence pancreatic or gastric functions in healthy man, we intubated six subjects with a gastric sump tube and a four-lumen duodenal tube which provided (1) a duodenal perfusion site, (2) a duodenal aspiration site, (3) an inflatable balloon immediately distal to the aspiration site, and (4) a jejunal perfusion site immediately beyond the balloon. In this way, the gastroduodenal segment could be functionally separated from the remainder of the intestine. The jejunum was exposed to normal saline, active pancreatic-biliary secretions, or pancreatic-biliary secretions in which the enzymes had been inactivated by heat. Ten minutes after initiation of each jejunal perfusion, normal saline was instilled into the stomach. No differences in trypsin secretion, gastric acid secretion, or gastric emptying occurred with the different jejunal perfusates. We therefore conclude that normal man, in the absence of intraluminal nutrients, does not exhibit a jejunal pancreatic enzyme-dependent feedback control mechanism for pancreatic enzyme or gastric secretion. However, our study does not exclude the possibility of a duodenal feedback regulatory mechanism.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Cholecystectomy and gastric ulcer--an etiologic relationship?

To determine whether cholecystectomy might be a factor predisposing to gastric ulceration, we evaluated the frequency of prior cholecystectomy in the 181 residents of Rochester, Minnesota, who had gastric ulcer diagnosed at the Mayo Clinic during the 10-year-period from 1966 to 1975. This frequency was similar to that in a control population from the same city, matched for age, sex, and time of registration at the Mayo Clinic. This was also true for subgroups of benign gastric ulcer. However, the frequency of prior cholecystectomy was higher in patients with type 1 ulcer than in those with type 2 or 3 ulcer, probably as a result of the relative predominance of older women in the type 1 ulcer group. These data do not support the hypothesis that cholecystectomy may be harmful in predisposing to gastric ulceration.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Control of human postprandial pancreatic exocrine secretion: a function of the gastroduodenal region.

Regulation of the exocrine pancreatic secretion elicited by a meal in man is incompletely understood. In this study, we attempted to localize in the gastrointestinal tract areas that control postprandial trypsin secretion and to determine the effects of individual components of jejunal chyme on the meal-stimulated trypsin secretion. Trypsin outputs elicited by ingesting a mixed-nutrient meal and diverting it at the ligament of Treitz proximal to an occlusive balloon were compared with those occurring when the same meal was ingested, diverted at the ligament of Treitz, and immediately reinfused distal to the balloon, a procedure that exposed the entire gastrointestinal tract to chyme. Two different meals, one of semielemental and one of complex nutrients, were used with similar results. Trypsin outputs were similar whether or not jejunal chyme was diverted. In addition, no component--exogenous nutrients or endogenous secretions--of chyme reaching the jejunum after a meal further modified the trypsin secretion elicited by the gastroduodenal segment. This finding suggests that the gastroduodenal segment is sufficient to elicit the entire postprandial trypsin output and is the physiologic determinant of meal-stimulated trypsin secretion.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Takayasu's arteritis in Crohn's disease.

This report describes a patient with coexistent Crohn's colitis and Takayasu's arteritis involving the thoracic aorta, superior mesenteric artery, and left hepatic artery. Unlike most previously reported cases of this association, characteristic histopathology is demonstrated. This case is also unusual in that the Takayasu's arteritis presented as aneurysmal disease instead of occlusive disease. We believe that Takayasu's arteritis may represent another of the many extra-intestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Gastrointestinal hormone profile in renal insufficiency.

Fasting serum gastrin, cholecystokinin, glucagon, and gastric inhibitory polypeptide concentrations were simultaneously measured in normal subjects and in patients with different degrees of renal failure. Values of gastrin, cholecystokinin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, and glucagon were significantly higher in all patients with serum creatinine concentrations greater than 3 mg/dl than in controls (P less than 0.01). The degree of renal insufficiency was significantly correlated (P less than 0.05) with serum concentrations of each hormone, but no significant linear correlation existed among the serum concentrations of different gastrointestinal hormones in individuals. Hemodialysis did not significantly alter predialysis serum gastrin, cholecystokinin, or glucagon concentration, but the serum gastric inhibitory polypeptide concentration decreased by 30% (P less than 0.01) after hemodialysis. The disproportionate increases of hormones with antagonistic actions may alter gastrointestinal function in renal insufficiency.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Analytical characteristics of late-eluting halogenated flame retardants.

The analytical characteristics of halogenated flame retardants were studied. Suitable electron capture gas-liquid chromatographic conditions were developed, and retention times and sensitivity responses were obtained. The behavior of these industrial chemicals through the AOAC multiresidue method for nonfatty foods was studied using fish as the test substrate. Of the 24 flame retardants investigated, 23 were recovered (85-110%) using the AOAC method.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Postprandial duodenal function in man.

Duodenal function was studied in 11 healthy volunteers after intragastric instillation of a mixed semi-elemental meal. The duodenum accepted chyme of varying pH, osmolality, and nutrient concentration; and, as a result of biliary, pancreatic, and enteric secretion as well as absorption, it delivered chyme with nearly constant pH, osmolality, and nutrient concentration to the jejunum. The flow rate and nutrient load of jejunal chyme varied. The duodenum absorbed more carbohydrate than lipid and less protein, taking up each nutrient at a constant rate during most of the postprandial period. The percentage of nutrient load absorbed was greatest in the late postprandial period, when flow rate, nutrient load, and concentrations were low.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Intestinal nutrient influence on the enteroinsular axis.

The gastrointestinal contribution to carbohydrate metabolism includes carbohydrate absorption and the release of gastrointestinal hormones that interact with the endocrine pancreas. To learn the contributions to the enteroinsular axis from different levels of the gastrointestinal tract and different nutrients in chyme, we determined serum concentrations of glucose, gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), insulin, and glucagon postprandially in six normal subjects who underwent diversion of chyme just proximal to an occlusive balloon at the ligament of Treitz and jejunal infusion of saline or chyme carbohydrate, protein, and lipid, separately or in combination. Postprandial elevations of serum glucose, GIP, and insulin and decrease of serum glucagon were elicited predominantly from the bowel and its contents distal to the ligament of Treitz. In this segment, each chyme nutrient (but especially carbohydrate) significantly stimulated factors affecting carbohydrate metabolism. Protein and lipid were able to block carbohydrate-induced glucagon inhibition. The gastroduodenal segment, although containing several proposed insulinotropic hormones (gastrin, secretin, and cholecystokinin), had no effect on serum glucose of glucagon and stimulated only small insulin and GIP responses.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Abnormal intestinal bile acid distribution in azotaemic man: a possible role in the pathogenesis of uraemic diarrhoea.

Proximal intestinal bile acids have been studied in 14 ambulatory patients with varying degrees of azotaemia. When compared with normal subjects, the azotaemic patients showed a significant decrease in deoxycholic acid. Analysis of faecal bile acids of a patient with low intestinal deoxycholic acid also showed low deoxycholic acid with a preponderance of primary bile acids, and contrast with faecal bile acids of a normal subject and a patient with normal intestinal deoxycholic acid. It is suggested that impairment of deconjugation or 7alpha-dehydroxylation might be contributing to the low deoxycholic acid observed in azotaemic patients. Unusual bile acids: ursodeoxycholic acid, 3-hydroxy-7-keto-cholanic acid, and 3,12-dihydroxy-7-keto-cholanic acid were also noted in intestinal aspirates of azotaemic patients. The presence of these bile acids in conjunction with low deoxycholic acid correlates with the symptom of diarrhoea in azotaemic patients, and may contribute to the pathogenesis of diarrhoea in these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Interrelationships of psychopathology and adience-abience on the HABGT.

Using two distinctively different populations, 40 hospitalized schizophrenics and 100 outpatient therapy cases, the interrelationships of two measures based on the HABGT, one of psychopathology and the other of perceptual adience-abience, were investigated. The relationships of each of these measures with sex, age, and educational level were examined. Both measures significantly differentiate the psychotic from the non-psychotic population. Although there is a statistically significant correlation between the two measures in each population, it is shown that the commonality between them varies from a considerable degree of commonality in the schizophrenic group to only a limited degree in the outpatient group. Both measures are uncorrelated with sex, age, and level of educational attainment. The study offers additional evidence of the values of these two measures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Further studies of a measure of adience-abience: reliability.

Previous studies have suggested adequate reliability for a measure of perceptual adience-abience based on the HABGT in view of significant evidence concerning its construct and predictive validity. The present study explored the test-retest reliability of this scale with 40 process schizophrenics over a two-week interval. Reliability was found to be adequate for both males and females (rho equals .84) for the total scale. The four components of the scale were similarly found to be reliable. No subject changed on retest with respect to adient or abient orientation. Interjudge reliability was very high (rho = .912).

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Psychopathology scale of the Hutt adaptation of the Bender-Gestalt Test: reliability.

The test-retest reliability of the Hutt Adaptation of the Bender-Gestalt test was explored with a population of 40 process schizophrenics over a two-week interval. The total Psychopathology Scale Score was found to have high retest reliability for both male and female patients (rho = .87 for males and .83 for females). Moreover the three major components for the Scale were found to have high reliability, and fairly high reliabilities were obtained for patients scoring high as well as low on the Scale. Interjudge reliability was also found to be very high (rho = .895), confirming previous studies in this respect. On these grounds, the Scale offers promise both for clinical and research purposes.

Adult↗
PubMed1970

Pepsin secretion in man after Histalog stimulation.

Human gastric juice shows three separable pepsin fractions on chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The response of these fractions to stimulation with beta-aminoethylpyrazole hydrochloride (Histalog) was studied. After a single intramuscular injection of Histalog (1.7 mg/kg body weight) there was an increase in the output of all three chromatographically distinguishable pepsin fractions. Little change was observed in the relative proportions of these three fractions and there was no evidence of selective stimulation of any individual fraction.

Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intracranial administration of corticotropin-like peptides increases incidence of amphibian reproductive behavior.

Male rough-skinned newts (Taricha granulosa) exhibit an increase in sexual behavior (amplectic clasping) following intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH 1-39), ACTH 4-10, or melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha MSH). In contrast, intraperitoneal (IP) administration of ACTH 1-39 or corticosterone significantly decreases the incidence of sexual behavior in male newts. These results suggest that a corticotropin-like peptide acts centrally to enhance sexual behavior and that systemic ACTH acts on the interrenal tissue to inhibit sexual behavior by stimulating the release of corticosterone.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Arginine vasotocin induces sexual behavior of newts by acting on cells in the brain.

To investigate whether arginine vasotocin (AVT) acts on target cells in the brain of Taricha granulosa (a urodele amphibian), the behavioral effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) and intraperitoneal (IP) injections of AVT were compared. Male newts exhibited the greatest sexual activity (amplectic clasping) following an ICV injection of 0.1 microgram AVT. Another study showed that nanogram quantities of AVT, administered ICV, stimulated the behavior. An ICV injection of an antagonist to arginine vasopressin, d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP, or an anti-AVT immune serum significantly inhibited the sexual behavior. Intracranial implants of 17 beta-estradiol (E2) or 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in castrated males maintained the behavioral response to an injection of AVT. Another study found that an IP injection of DHT or E2 did not increase the incidence of newt sexual behavior during the 8 hours following the injection.

Animals↗