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Biomedical subjects

L J Kinlen

Publications and source records attributed to L J Kinlen.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Meat and fat consumption and cancer mortality: A study of strict religious orders in Britain.

The close correlations between mortality from breast and colorectal cancers and the per-caput consumption of meat or fat in different countries suggest that these dietary items may be involved in the aetiology of the neoplasms. To investigate further these possible relations a study has been conducted of cancer mortality between 1911 and 1978 in two groups of enclosed religious orders for women: one of 1769 nuns who eat no meat and one of 1044 nuns who eat little meat. Mortality from breast and colorectal cancer was not significantly lower in either group than in the general population. It is difficult to evaluate the small reduction in breast cancer mortality in the no-meat group because of the wide confidence limits. An unexpected finding was an excess mortality from oesophageal cancer in both groups. These findings concern women who reduced their meat consumption in adult life: it is suggested that they are compatible with the evidence put forward to support a role for fat or meat intake in causation of breast cancer if dietary influences in pre-adult life are important. The findings on colorectal cancer point to the aetiological importance in this disease of aspects of diet other than fat or meat intake.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

A study of the mortality of Cornish tin miners.

Increased mortality from cancer of the lung has been found in several studies of miners exposed to high levels of radioactivity in underground air. In view of their exposure to raised levels of radiation, we have studied the mortality of a group of men recorded as Cornish tin miners in 1939. Using occupational description, a crude classification of exposure was derived for these miners. The meaningfulness of this classification was supported by differences in mortality from silicosis and silicotuberculosis. A twofold excess of cancer of the lung was found for underground miners, while for other categories mortality from this cause was less than expected. This supports the findings of previous studies on exposure to radon and its daughters. An excess of cancer of the stomach was also observed among underground miners.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Cancer in patients receiving dialysis.

The incidence of cancer and related mortality was studied in 1651 patients from six dialysis centres in England over 10 years. The only type of cancer for which there was a significant excess was non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (four cases observed against an expected incidence of 0.15 (p < 0.001); three deaths against an expected 0.1 (p < 0.001)). This excess could not be attributed to either subsequent transplantation or treatment with immunosuppressive drugs. Since immunodepression is a feature of chronic renal failure, these observations together with those on patints treated with immunosuppressive drugs suggest that immunosuppression favours the development of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Studies in which it is concluded that patients receiving dialysis show an excess of other types of cancer have certain shortcomings; the unusual opportunities for detecting cancer in such patients may account for some of the reported excess.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Mortality of wives of men dying with cancer of the penis.

711 women were identified who in 1939 were married to men who died with cancer of the penis in England and Wales during the period 1964 to 1973. The records of women were traced through the National Health Service Central Register and, by January 1975, 378 (53%) were found to have died. Expected numbers of deaths from all causes, all cancers and from some specific cancers were calculated assuming the women to have the same mortality rates as the general population of England and Wales. The total number of deaths (378) was close to the number expected (366-8) but there was a slight excess of deaths from cancer (89 against 76.5 expected). Of the individual sites examined only cancer of the cervix showed a statistically significant excess (11 deaths against 3.9 expected, P = 0.002). This finding is similar to those reported in two other studies of the wives of men with cancer of the penis. On the basis of these studies it is suggested that some cases of cancer of the cervix and cancer of the penis may have a common aetiology. Other epidemiological characteristics of the two diseases do not show a marked similarity.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Collaborative United Kingdom-Australasian study of cancer in patients treated with immunosuppressive drugs.

A collaborative study including centres in the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand was instituted in 1970 to determine the incidence of cancer in patients treated for at least three months with azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, or chlorambucil. Follow-up of 3823 renal transplant recipients showed an almost 60-fold increase of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma together with an excess of squamous-cell skin cancer and mesenchymal tumours. A series of 1349 patients without transplants showed an excess of the same tumours, though to a less extent. These preliminary findings provide no clear evidence that immunosuppressive drugs produce the increased risk of most of the common cancers that might be expected from the simplest interpretation of impaired "immunosurveillance."

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Women with positive cervical smears but without surgical intervention. A follow-up study.

By a collaborative effort among British cytopathologists, 101 women were identified who had had unsuspected "positive" cervical smears but who, after at least 2 years, had still escaped biopsy through refusal, default, or failure to trace. Of these, 31 still could not be traced; 10 were traced but could not be further examined (8 because they refused); 7 had clinically diagnosed carcinoma of the cervix; and the remaining 53 had further smears and/or biopsies after a mean interval of 5.2 years. In 19 of the 53 the smear had become negative or biopsy showed no lesion. Regression was confined to women aged under 40 at the time of the initial positive smear. In 20 cases biopsy showed dysplasia or carcinoma-in-situ, in 3 microinvasive carcinoma, and in 3 occult invasive carcinoma. Of the 7 women who presented clinically with carcinoma of the cervix, this caused death in 5.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Use of hair dyes by patients with breast cancer: a case-control study.

The recent finding that many permanent and semipermanent hair dyes are strongly mutagenic in a laboratory test, together with the fact that single female hair-dressers had higher than expected death rates from breast-cancer in 1959-63, prompted a study into the use of hair dyes by patients with breast cancer and by matched controls. There was no difference between the patients and their controls in their use of hair dyes. There were also no significant differences between the two groups when the analysis was confinedto women who had used dyes over four years and over nine years before diagnosis. The only significant findings were a higher proportion of past or present smokers among women aged over 50 who used hair dyes and an association between hair dyes use and age at first pregnancy. Further epidemiological studies are clearly needed in view of the mutagenicity found in the Ames test, and the fact th & several human carcinogens are also mutagenic according to this test.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

Contacts between young patients with Hodgkin's disease. A case-control study.

To investigate the possibility that Hodgkin's disease (H.D.) may be transmitted from person to person, a case-control study was conducted among 87 of the 97 H.D. patients diagnosed under the age of 40 years in the period 1962-71, resident at the time of diagnosis in a defined area around Oxford. For each of the 87 H.D. patients a matched control patient was selected with a diagnosis other than that of a chronic or malignant disease. H.D. patients and controls were interviewed to determine their places of schooling and work and attempts were made to link pairs of patients who had attended the same school or work place at the same time. The findings do not support the hypothesis that H.D. patients may pass on the disease to others. Among the H.D. patients, links between 40 pairs were established, compared with 40-75 links expected, based upon the experience of all 174 persons studied. The only finding which was statistically significant (p approximately 0-04) arose when H.D. patients were considered to be "susceptible" from 10 to 5 years before diagnosis and "infective" from diagnosis to 2 years after diagnosis: 7 pairs of links were found against 2-75 expected. However, since 7 postulated periods of susceptibility and 9 postulated periods of infectivity were examined, this one "statistically significant" finding might easily have arisen by chance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

A mortality study among workers in an English asbestos factory.

The previous report on this cohort study of workers in an asbestos textile factory (Knox et al., 1968) showed little evidence of increased mortality among workers who had entered the factory after the implementation in 1932 of the first Asbestos Industry Regulation (1931) but observed that no firm conclusions could be drawn, as little carcinogenic effect would be expected for 20 years after first exposure. A further 8 1/2 years of follow-up has revealed some asbestos-related disease in this latter group, although very much less than for employees first exposed before 1933. Among the 963 workers first exposed in 1933 or later, mortality was increased for carcinoma of the bronchus (31 deaths; 19-3 expected for all lung cancers) and non-malignant respiratory disease (35 deaths, 25-0 expected), and a further 5 deaths were attributed to pleural mesothelioma.

Adult↗