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Biomedical subjects

L J Goodman

Publications and source records attributed to L J Goodman.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Foreign medical graduates and graduate medical education.

Since 1975 the flow of foreign medical graduates (FMGs) into US graduate medical education programs has been declining as a result of several factors, primarily because of the more stringent entrance requirements mandated by the 1976 Health Professions Educational Assistance Act (PL 94-484). From 1975 to 1979 the percentage of FMGs in US residencies has declined from 28.5% to 20.4%, a decline of 20.5%. Even more dramatic was the 73.4% decline in exchange visitor FMG residents. Partially offsetting these declines were the increases registered by US medical graduates and US citizen FMGs, resulting in fewer unfilled approved residency positions during the four-year period. However, it is doubtful if these increases are sufficient to meet replacement needs, especially in several metropolitan areas, specialties, and hospitals. The waiver of certain requirements of PL 94-484 may need to be extended to aid transition to decreased dependence of FMGs.

Education, Medical, Graduate↗
PubMed1981

Socioeconomic issues in dermatology.

The organization and delivery of health services in the United States is currently being re-evaluated in light of emerging trends in the supply and distribution of physicians. The recent GMENAC report identified an impending physician surplus in many specialties and a near-balance situation for dermatology by 1990. In this paper we examine the supply, distribution, and economics of medical practice for dermatologists relative to other specialties. To address the prospect of increasing physician supply, we evaluate emerging national health manpower policies. In addition, we discuss potential effects of market forces in the health care sector.

Dermatology↗
PubMed1981

Proposal for national health insurance and health policy: social survey results.

Numerous proposals for national health insurance (NHI) are before the Congress. This study measures public preferences for three widely debated forms of NHI bases on national survey data from 1978. Analyses of the comprehensive, catastrophic and deductible forms of NHI are conducted separately using the multivariate probit technique. Findings suggest that, in general, public preference is greatest for the comprehensive plan and lowest for the catastrophic plan. Supporters of the comprehensive plan tend to be young, Democrats, members of lower socioeconomic groups, nonwhite, residents of the West, Northeast or urban areas, and without extended health insurance coverage. Support of NHI options is associated with political party preference as well as sociodemographic characteristics.

Deductibles and Coinsurance↗
PubMed1981

Public support for National Health Insurance.

In 1978 a majority of the American public felt there was a need for National Health Insurance (NHI). This study develops models of public support for NHI both with and without a tax subsidy. Support for NHI is highest among the young, lower socioeconomic groups, non-Whites, and urbanites. The older, more educated, White, and rural population are less supportive. In addition, substantial differences exist across political party orientation and health insurance status. Although support for NHI declines by considering a tax subsidy, logit estimates remain relatively stable. Only age and socioeconomic status lose statistical significance when the tax issue is considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The organization of physician services in solo and group medical practice.

While the effects of physician organization have been examined extensively, little is known about factors related to physicians' choice of either the solo or group practice setting. This study develops a model of physician practice mode choice that includes variables measuring both the characteristics of individual physicians and the socioeconomic environment. The analysis is stratified by 9 specialty groupings to allow a comparison of inter-specialty differences in practice mode choice. Findings suggest that, in general, the group practice physician tends to be board-certified, a member of the American Medical Association (AMA), younger than 55 years old and a graduate of a U.S. medical school. In addition to this general profile, substantial differences exist by specialty. A number of environmental factors are also shown to be related to the practice mode decision. Finally, results are discussed in relation to trends in the health care field and possible effects on the future distribution of group versus solo practice physicians.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

The fine structure of the ocelli of Schistocerca gregaria. The neural organisation of the synaptic plexus.

A study of the organisation of the locust dorsal ocellus shows that the structure is designed to provide the maximum possible effective aperture. The condenser-like cuticular lens and the dispersal of the rhabdome over a large proportion of the circumferential area of the retinula cells increases the light gathering power of the eye. The synaptic plexus of the ocellus has two major features: (i) the retinula cells are repeatedly and reciprocally connected by synapses and junctions, and (ii) there is an extensive lateral and feedback network between the receptors and interneurons. A unified structure is described for a synapse that presents differing profiles dependent upon the angle of section. A distinct morphological class of junction is described between retinula cells. The synaptic arrangements of morphologically identical retinula cells vary from cell to cell and the synaptic plexus is not organised with a high degree of spatial precision. The overall synaptic configurations are discussed in terms of the varied response characteristics of units in the ocellar nerve.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Evaluation of dose equivalent using a tissue-equivalent ionization chamber and a Geiger-Müller dosimeter.

When detailed neutron energy spectrum data are lacking for a mixed field of neutrons and photons, it is permissible when estimating the dose equivalent to assume that the quality factor for the neutrons is 10. With this assumption, it is shown that the responses of a tissue-equivalent ionization chamber and a Geiger-Müller dosimeter can be used to obtain an acceptable approximation of the dose equivalent in the mixed field without requiring precise knowledge of the relative neutron sensitivity of the Geiger-Müller dosimeter.

Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation↗
PubMed1978

Foreign medical graduates and the issue of substantial disruption of medical services.

Provisions of the 1976 Health Professions Educational Assistance Act may result in a substantial disruption of medical services provided by foreign medical graduates in United States residency training programs. Estimates of the effect of the Act indicate that between one third and two thirds of foreign graduates receiving visas annually will not qualify for admission, under the new provisions. Results of a recent study show, furthermore, that foreign medical graduates constitute a majority of the residents in 23 per cent of the hospitals with residency programs. Transition to a decreased dependence on foreign graduates may be facilitated through the waiver of two provisions relating to exchange visitors. Projected numbers of United States medical graduates and citizens receiving medical education abroad will not be enough to fill the gap created by the ultimate reduction in alien physicians. United States residency programs will have to develop alternative sources of residents to continue operating at current levels.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1978

Lateral ocellar nerve projections in the dragonfly brain.

The central projections of the lateral ocellar neurons of the dragonfly were examined using whole nerve cobalt iontophoresis, supplemented by sectioning of the nerve and brain for inspection in the light and electron microscopes. At E.M. level the presence of cobalt in filled axon profiles and cell bodies was confirmed by analysis of X-ray energy spectra in the microscope. The pathways, cell body sites and terminal arborizations of four large (7--25 micrometer diameter) lateral ocellar neurons are described. Two of these fibers arborize in the ipsilateral posterior neuropil of the protocerebrum and two cross the brain and arborize in the contralateral posterior neuropil. Within each half of the posterior neuropil, two spatially separated regions of ocellar input have been identified. These regions receive median ocellar input plus input from either the ipsi- or contralateral ocellus, but not both. The arborizations of the contralateral fibers are more extensive than those of the ipsilateral fibers. One of the contralateral neurons crosses the brain in the region of the protocerebral bridge giving off a collateral in that region before descending to the posterior neuropil. This collateral arborizes almost immediately in a region receiving input from arborizations of a number of small ocellar neurons (those less than 5 micrometer in diameter) from the ipsilateral ocellar nerve, together with small neurons from the median ocellar nerve, forming a region in each half of the brain which receives input from all three ocelli. The small lateral ocellar neurons associated with these arborizations have cell bodies adjacent to the lateral ocellar tracts.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Information processing along the course of a visual interneuron.

Locust ocellar retinal cells are innervated by giant second order cells, 2 mm long, which show discrete zones of integration along their course, including a major zone in the axonal length of the neuron. The complex synaptic arrangements which exist between higher-order afferent and efferent cells and these second order cells along their course suggests that transmission takes place by the electrotonic spread of slow potentials. The size and accessibility of these visual interneurons offers a unique preparation for examining mechanisms of graded synaptic transmission.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1977

Ocellar projections within the central nervous system of the worker honey bee, Apis mellifera.

The projections of ocellar fibres within the brain and thorax of the honey bee, Apis mellifera, were established using a modified cobalt sulphide technique, supplemented by serial sectioning of the brain for the light microscope. The results are: 5 large fibres in each lateral nerve and 12 in the median nerve have wide-field terminal arborisations in ocellar association areas on either side of the posterior slope area. 9 medium-sized fibres in each lateral nerve and 12 in the median nerve form a second ocellar association area on each side of the perioesophageal foramen. A group of fine fibres , stained via the ocellar nerves, arborise just below and anterior to the protocerebral bridge. 10 medium-sized fibres run from the level of the ocellar nerve tracts to the first and second thoracic ganglia, branching in a number of discrete areas within each ganglion. These fibres also form a restricted ocellar association area within the suboesophageal ganglion. A few fibres run between the higher-order optic centres and the ocellar tract. The large- and medium-sized fibres give off short, stout spines from their axons within the ocellar tracts.

Animals↗