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Biomedical subjects

L J Davis

Publications and source records attributed to L J Davis.

126 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

The overdosage and/or poisoning information gap.

The availability of poisoning information from the pharmaceutical industry was evaluated. Manufacturers of the top 50 drugs were surveyed. Information that was received was classified by established criteria for evaluation. Compendia on poisoning information was evaluated based on 11 components ranging from toxicity information to information available in the PDR. Additional information on emergency telephone numbers for after-hours service was accumulated. The results showed that much of the information available is incomplete and/or outdated. A concerted effort to establish a central source for manufacturers' poison information needs to be begun.

Drug Industry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Plasma protein's glycation is decreased in Sprague Dawley rats under caloric restriction.

Different dietary regimens were applied to three cohorts of rats. The first was fed ad libitum every day (AL), the second was fed ad libitum every other day (EOD) and the third was fed a diet equivalent to 60% of the caloric intake (60% CI) of the AL cohort. Levels of stable early glycation products in plasma proteins were then measured according to two different methods. Glycation of plasma proteins progressively increased in AL animals belonging to the 2-12 month age interval, while it showed a less pronounced age-dependent increase in EOD and 60% CI animals. The lowest degree of glycation was detected 2-3 months after the beginning of caloric restriction. After 12 months of age a lower level of glycation was detected in 60% CI rats than in EOD animals. Body weight was lower in restricted animals than in AL animals and was lowest in 60% CI rats. During the life span, glycemia was lower in fasting 60% CI than in EOD or AL rats.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin and oxidative stress in the peripheral blood from patients with probable Alzheimer disease: a short-term longitudinal study.

To evaluate the stability and reproducibility of selected peripheral oxidative stress markers and their possible relation to cognitive performance, three different blood samples were taken at 7- to 10-day intervals from 11 patients with probable Alzheimer disease (AD) and 11 nondemented controls. Blood samples were also collected once from 6 patients with vascular dementia (VD). Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (ACT), C-reactive protein (CRP), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), lactoferrin (LTF), and total lipid peroxidation (LPO) were then measured. Blood levels of ACT and GSH-Px were increased in AD patients but not in patients with VD. Levels of LTF, CRP, and LPO were comparable between AD patients and controls. Erythrocyte SOD activity was increased in AD patients. Blood levels of ACT negatively correlated with LPO levels and positively correlated with scores of the Global Deterioration Scale of AD patients. ACT might be implicated in controlling oxidative damage of blood lipids and their turnover during the progression of AD.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Monomeric and polymeric forms of alpha-1 antichymotrypsin in sera from patients with probable late onset Alzheimer's disease.

Patients with probable late-onset Alzheimer's disease (l-AD) had higher levels of serum alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (alpha 1-ACT) than those found in patients with vascular dementia (VD) and healthy elderly controls, when assessed by a competitive enzyme-linked immune assay. Serum alpha 1-ACT was also characterized by SDS PAGE electrophoresis. Western blot and computer-assisted optical density reading (OD). Using a polyclonal affinity-purified antibody specific for human alpha 1-ACT, one band with the apparent MW of 60 and another with 180 kD in sera from all subjects were clearly detectable. OD of both alpha 1-ACT bands from patients with l-AD was higher than that from VD patients, the 180-kD form being 2.65 times higher than that observed from patients with VD. Serum levels of other acute phase proteins from l-AD were comparable to those observed in VD patients. A slight but nonstatistical increment of serum IL-6 was noted in patients with l-AD. Serum alpha 1-ACT was purified from 3 of these l-AD patients by a two-step affinity chromatography technique. After Western blot, purified alpha 1-ACT showed two or three different bands which immune-reacted with an antibody specific for alpha 1-ACT. The apparent MWs were 60, 120 and 180 kD. In human sera the serpin was present mainly in a monomeric form, but it could also form SDS stable dimers and trimers. Both monomeric and SDS stable polymeric forms of alpha 1-ACT appeared to be increased in sera from patients with l-AD.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of variation in oxygen transmission in rigid contact lens extended wear.

Variation in thickness is known to affect the Dk/L of rigid gas permeable contact lenses. Our study was designed to evaluate the variability of central and average thickness of Oxyflow EW lenses. In addition, the relationship between overnight swelling of the central cornea and Dk/L was examined to determine whether Dk/L calculated with central lens thickness correlated better with lens-induced edema than Dk/L calculated with average lens thickness. The results showed marked variation among lens center thicknesses for all powers (-6 D, -2 D, +2 D, +6 D) examined, and, as expected, more variation for centrally calculated Dk/L with high minus lenses. Average Dk/L did not vary significantly with power. Average and central Dk/L values had a near 1:1 relationship for -2 D lenses for the base curve (7.8 mm) ordered; but only when power was kept constant was a good correlation seen between central and average Dk/L. A one-patient study evaluating the overnight central swelling response to three +6 D and three -6 D (high, medium, and low center thickness) lenses showed that central Dk/L correlated better with lens-induced edema than average Dk/L. Thus, specifying central thickness on lens orders appears to be a primary variable influencing extended wear edema at night. Peripheral Dk/L, however, may influence corneal physiological variables other than central edema and warrants further study.

Adult↗
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Index of refraction.

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Contact Lenses↗