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Biomedical subjects

L J Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to L J Anderson.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Detection of enterovirus 70 with monoclonal antibodies.

To improve the ability to identify enterovirus-70 (EV-70) from patients with acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, we developed four monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to EV-70. We reacted the four MAbs against nine previously characterized strains of EV-70 and heterologous viruses by virus neutralization, indirect immunofluorescence, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Two of the MAbs neutralized all nine strains of EV-70 and none of the other enterovirus types tested. Two of the MAbs gave a positive reaction with all nine strains by indirect immunofluorescence, and three reacted with all nine strains by ELISA. None of the MAbs gave a positive reaction with heterologous viruses, including those associated with eye disease, by indirect immunofluorescence or ELISA. The two neutralizing MAbs failed to give a positive reaction with some of the strains of EV-70 by indirect immunofluorescence and ELISA, yet they neutralized these viruses. By ELISA with a polyclonal serum as capture antibody and a mixture of MAbs as detector antibody, we were able to detect from 10(2.2) to 10(5.8) 50% tissue culture infective doses of virus and to type lyophilized isolates of EV-70 sent from Taiwan from which we could not recover infectious virus. By choosing the appropriate MAb, or mixture of MAbs, we could construct a test which had the type specificity and strain sensitivity needed to type isolates of EV-70.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Multiple sclerosis unrelated to dog exposure.

We conducted a case-control study to evaluate the possible association between exposure to dogs and MS. Seventy cases were compared with 70 age- and sex-matched neighborhood controls and 57 cases with 57 age- and sex-matched clinic controls. No association was found, by age groups or by time periods before onset of MS, between MS and presence of any dog, a small dog, a medium or large dog, or an indoor dog in the household. There was a significant negative association between MS and presence of cats in the household and MS and presence of medium and large dogs in the household, and a significant positive association, for several age groups and time periods, between MS and a history of canine distemper in a household dog. The basis for these significant associations is not clear. This study adds weight to the evidence against an association between exposure to small or indoor dogs and MS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Nosocomial rabies: investigation of contacts of human rabies cases associated with a corneal transplant.

In October 1978 in Boise, Idaho, a woman died of rabies after receiving a corneal transplant from a man, who in retrospect was also found to have died of rabies. Investigation of 203 contacts of these two patients identified 94 who were felt to have had sufficient risk of exposure to justify being given rabies post-exposure prophylaxis. Nurses, physicians, respiratory therapists, and family members were at greatest risk. We discuss the problems encountered in determining risk of exposure for contacts of humans with rabies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Human rabies in the United States, 1960 to 1979: epidemiology, diagnosis, and prevention.

Thirty-eight cases of human rabies occurred in the United States and its territories from 1960 to 1979. The major source of exposure to rabies has changed from indigenous dogs and cats in the 1940s and 1950s to wild carnivores and bats (11 of the 27 cases with known exposures); unusual exposures (3 cases) and exposures in a foreign country (7 cases) have also become more important. No exposure could be identified for 6 of the 38 cases. Two patients received optimal prophylaxis, 14 suboptimal, and 22 no prophylaxis after exposure. Some cases might have been prevented by an increased awareness of the risks and treatment for exposure to rabies, and use of the new rabies vaccines. The diagnosis was often made late in the clinical course including after death in 8 cases. This delay, in part, resulted from the diversity in the clinical presentation. Rabies should be considered in any case of encephalitis or myelitis. Laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis was often delayed. Testing for serum antibodies was the most reliable test in unvaccinated patients, and isolation of virus was the test most likely to be positive early in the illness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of a monoclonal antibody with a polyclonal serum in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting adenovirus.

To develop and evaluate an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting adenovirus antigens in which a group-specific monoclonal antibody to the adenovirus hexon is used, we studied two different ELISA test systems. The test system which was the most sensitive and specific was then compared in parallel tests with a similarly constructed ELISA in which a mouse polyclonal serum was used. Both the ELISA with the monoclonal antibody and that with the polyclonal serum detected purified hexon and 15 different adenovirus types with similar sensitivities. The two assays also showed no reaction with 23 heterologous viruses. Both tests detected adenovirus in stool and respiratory tract specimens tested for adenovirus by standard tissue culture techniques with similar sensitivities and specificities, but neither was sufficiently sensitive for routine testing of these types of clinical specimens. However, the ELISA with the monoclonal antibody proved to be a good test for the noncultivatable adenoviruses, detecting 12 of 12 stool samples that were positive by electron microscopy. The monoclonal antibody proved to be as sensitive and specific as the polyclonal serum and has the advantage that it can be produced in unlimited quantities and needs to be characterized only once.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1982

Innervation of the equine intrinsic laryngeal muscles.

The nerve supply to the intrinsic laryngeal muscles of the horse was studied by gross dissection and by electromyography which was carried out before, during and after section of various intralaryngeal nerve branches. The anatomical relationships and passage of the laryngeal nerves throughout the larynx were defined. Unlike the dog and man there was no evidence of the passage of motor nerve fibres from one side of the larynx to the other.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1982

Waterborne gastroenteritis due to the Norwalk agent: clinical and epidemiologic investigation.

An outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred at a Pennsylvania summer camp in July 1978. Symptoms included abdominal pain (81 per cent), nausea (72 per cent), and vomiting (53 per cent); upper respiratory infection symptoms occurred in 35 per cent of the campers. Illness was associated with consumption of five or more glasses of water or water-containing beverages. Stool cultures from affected persons were negative for bacterial pathogens; however, a fourfold or greater rise to the Norwalk agent was demonstrated in serum samples of three of three ill persons tested and in none of eight controls (p < .02). Campers ill during the first session who were also present during the second session did not become ill during the second session (p < .001). (Am J Public Health 1982; 72:72-74.)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Kawasaki syndrome: description of two outbreaks in the United States.

Investigation of two outbreaks of Kawasaki syndrome (KS) in the United States in 1979 and in 1980 revealed no evidence of person-to-person transmission or of a common-source exposure among patients. Questionnaire data showed that KS was more likely to occur in children of middle and upper socioeconomic status than in those of lower status (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.001 for the respective outbreaks) and that patients with KS had a higher incidence of an antecedent, primarily respiratory illness than did controls matched for age, sex, and race (83% of patients in the first outbreak vs. 30% of one control group, P less than 0.01, and vs. 36% of another control group, P less than 0.02; and 56% of patients in the second outbreak vs. 32% of their controls, P less than 0.02). However, laboratory studies did not identify an etiologic agent for either KS or for the antecedent illness that may be a risk factor for KS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Equine laryngeal hemiplegia part II: Some clinical observations.

Some clinical features of laryngeal hemiplegia in 127 horses are described. Possible aetiologic factors were found in only 11% of affected animals. The onset of clinical signs was either sudden or insidious. The majority of cases were presented because of an abnormal respiratory noise made at exercise. Other clinical signs, particularly those usually attributed to laryngopalatal dislocation, were observed in a substantial proportion of affected animals. In all cases surveyed the left arytenoid was affected, although in 3 animals a bilateral laryngeal dysfunction was noted. Thirty of 65 animals examined with a fibreoptic endoscope had other upper respiratory tract abnormalities in addition to abnormal arytenoid movements. Electrocardiographic examination of 45 affected horses did not reveal a significantly higher incidence of abnormalities than that observed in the racing population. The majority of haemograms taken from affected animals were also within normal limits.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Rapid antibody response to human diploid rabies vaccine.

The speed of antibody response to two administration schedules of human diploid cell strains rabies vaccine (HDCV) was measured in two groups of veterinary students as a preliminary study to the use of interferon inducers plus vaccine for rabies treatment. When four doses of HDCV were administered in three days instead of four doses in 14 days, 94.7 per cent of those injected had antibody by the seventh day, versus 31.6 per cent in the 14-day group. The maximum titer was lower and antibody fell more quickly in the group with the shorter time interval between doses. This study shows the feasibility of inducing the same rapid antibody response in humans as that noted in rhesus monkeys where the mortality from rabies virus challenge was markedly reduced after treatment with interferon inducers and HDCV.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Postexposure trial of a human diploid cell strain rabies vaccine.

A human diploid cell strain vaccine (HDCV) was evaluated in 90 persons treated after exposure to rabies, 21 of whom were bitten by proven rabid animals. Intramuscular doses of HDCV were given on days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 28, and human rabies immune globulin (HRIG) was given on day 0. Antibody to rabies virus was tested for by the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test; adverse reactions were assessed from physician's forms. All 87 persons tested developed titers of greater than or equal to 0.5 international units (IU)/ml, with a maximum geometric mean titer of 15.0 IU/ml on day 42. One year after vaccination, all 33 persons tested had antibody to rabies virus. After one or more doses of vaccine, mild local or systemic reactions were reported in 19.0% and 21.4% of persons, respectively. No serious reactions occurred. The results show that this HDCV (plus HRIG) was safe and effective in eliciting antibody in postexposure prophylaxis of rabies. When it becomes available, it is recommended over the present treatment regimen.

Adolescent↗