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Biomedical subjects

L Ia Rozhinskaia

Publications and source records attributed to L Ia Rozhinskaia.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Vitrum osteomag in prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: results of the comparative open multicenter trial].

AIM: To investigate efficacy, tolerance and safety of the drug vitrum osteomag one tablet of which contains 600 mg calcium (1500 mg calcium carbonate), 200 IU of cholecalcepherol, 40 mg of magnesium, zinc (7.5 mg), copper (1 mg), manganese (1.8 mg) and boron (250 mcg) in women with osteopenia for prevention of osteoporosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A multicenter comparative open trial of vitrum osteomag influence on mineral bone density (MBD), change of pain syndrome in bones, index of calcium-phosphorous metabolism covered 334 postmenopausal women with osteopenia. MBD was measured in low-back spine and proximal part of the hip with DEXA method. All the patients were divided into 3 groups: 125 women taking 2 tablets of vitrum osteomag daily for 12 months (group 1); 111 women taking 1500 mg calcium carbonate (group 2); 96 women--control group (only observation). RESULTS: Vitrum osteomag relieved pain in the back and joints, had a positive effect on bone density (+1.5%) and proximal parts of the hip (0.6-0.93%) exceeding the effect of calcium carbonate only which preserves the initial MBD in low back spine but does not prevent bone loss in the hip. MBD dynamics in patients given vitrum osteomag differs essentially from one in the control group (from -1.9 to -2.91%) which demonstrates a reliable preventive anti-osteoporotic effect of this medication. The drug increases the level of general and ionized calcium in blood but does not cause hypercalcemia lowering the level of parathormone in blood. The rate of side effects in group 1 was 14.4% and did not differ much from that in group 2 (16.2%). CONCLUSION: The results of the study allow to recommend vitrum osteomag for prophylaxis of a rapid loss of bone tissue mineral density.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1998

[Osteoporosis: diagnosis of disorders of bone tissue and calcium-phosphorus metabolism (lecture)].

Tentative diagnoses of lymphadenitis or Hodgkin's disease were not confirmed in a 12-year-old child by cytological investigations. Along with lymphoid cells, individual leukocytes, histiocytes, macrophages, and glandular cancer cells, the cytological preparation of the cervical lymph node biopsy specimen contained uncommon multinuclear cells looking like interfollicular thyroid islets. This indicated cancer metastasis and the site of primary involvement: the thyroid. The diagnosis was confirmed by the histological and radionuclide methods.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1995

[Steroidogenesis in patients with various adrenal and gonadal dysfunctions].

The paper deals with the results of investigations of steroidogenesis in patients with ACTH-dependent Icenko-Cushing's disease (CD), congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), and stromal hyperthecosis (SH). Along with the traditional methods of evaluating the activity of steroid-producing glands (diurnal variations of steroid hormones and their precursors in the peripheral blood, their mean daily concentrations), the authors used a simultaneous selective catheterization technique for adrenal and ovarian veins. No pronounced circadian rhythms were revealed in most of the steroids measured in patients with CD. A sharp rise in the mean daily serum 17-hydroxypregnenolone concentrations coupled with the steady-state 17-hydroxyprogesterone level is considered to reflect the activation of steroid biosynthesis via the delta 5-pathway. CD patients were demonstrated to exhibit great differences in the daily pattern of aldosterone secretion depending on the development of essential hypertension. CAH patients had high 17-hydroxypregnenolone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels. Like 17-hydroxyprogesterone, 17-hydroxypregnenolone may be used as a diagnostic marker of CAH. Hyperandrogenism in this disorder was largely due to enhanced adrenal production of testosterone and delta 5 androgens DHA and DHA-S. Unlike CAH, SH was not associated with excessive secretion of either DHA or DHA-S, but the ovaries of these patients released greater amounts of testosterone, which led to hyperandrogenism.

17-alpha-Hydroxypregnenolone↗
PubMed1994

[Comparative characteristics of steroidogenesis and its biorhythm in the hyperfunctioning adrenal cortex].

The paper summarizes the results od several studies of the daily rhythms of steroid hormones in patients with ACTH-dependent Itsenko-Cushing's disease (CD) and congenital adrenal hyperplasia (late-onset forms) (CAH). Normal daily rhythms of adrenal C21- and C19-steroids and ACTH were observed in 23.5% of CD patients. CAH patients had the marked daily rhythms of adrenal androgens and testosterone which were typical of those of cortisole. The ratios of steroid hormones to its precursors provide evidence for enhanced activities of 17-, 11 beta- and 18-hydroxylases in CD patients and normal enzymatic activities in CAH patients, whereas 21-hydroxylase being an exception.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Bone tissue in patients with hyperprolactinemic hypogonadism].

Sixteen women with hyperprolactinemia were examined for Ca metabolism, osseous metabolism, mineral saturation of bone tissue in the thoracic portion of the spine and radius. Lowered mineral saturation of the thoracic vertebrae was detected in 69% of the examinees, that of the distal segment of the radius in 44%. Reduction of the mineral saturation of the spine was in negative correlation with the blood prolactin level and length of amenorrhea. No changes in the bone resorption biochemistry or Ca metabolism were detected. A marked reduction of blood osteocalcin level that reflects osteoblast function was detected, its blood concentration being in negative correlation with prolactin level. No relationships between mineral saturation of bone tissue, prolactin, and osteocalcin, on the one hand, and blood estradiol level, on the other, were observed. These data suggest that osteopathy in hyperprolactinemic hypogonadism is due to reduced bone formation and not to reduced estradiol production.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Osteocalcin--a marker of bone metabolism and calcium regulating hormones in steroid osteoporosis].

Altogether 15 patients with Itsenko-Cushing disease with moderate osteoporosis and 10 healthy persons were investigated. Calcium metabolism, calcium regulating hormones and osteocalcin were studied. Endogenous hypercorticoidism was characterized by a higher secretion of parathyroid hormone against a background of hypercalcemia. Positive correlation of these indices was revealed. In patients with Itsenko-Cushing disease the blood level of vitamin D was decreased as compared to that in the controls. A significant decrease in the blood level of osteocalcin was observed in patients with endogenous hypercorticoidism, there being close negative correlation between the level of osteocalcin and cortisol, and between osteocalcin and 17-hydroxycorticosteroid excretion with urine. A conclusion has been made that the excess of glucocorticosteroids suppresses osteoblast function, slows, down osteogenesis, disturbs the secretion of calcium regulating hormones and calcium metabolism enhancing resorption; this combined action of glucocorticoids causes rapid development of osteoporosis in endogenous hypercorticoidism.

17-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparison of diagnostic methods for osteoporosis in endogenous hypercorticism].

The informative value of diagnosis of osteoporosis in 53 patients with Itsenko-Cushing disease was assessed by visual estimation of radiograms of the axial skeleton, standard x-ray densitometry of the phalanges of the thumbs and single-photon absorptiometry of the distal parts of antebrachial bones. Diagnosis of osteoporosis and its evaluation over time were shown to be accurate in combination of visual assessment of radiograms of the axial skeleton with standard x-ray densitometry of the peripheral parts of the skeleton. Single-photon absorptiometry revealed no decrease in the level of the osseous mineral in the forearm of patients with endogenous hypercorticoidism. In the majority of female patients this indicator even exceeded the normal age value. Possible causes of this phenomenon are under discussion.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of vitamin D3 preparations (1-alpha-hydroxy- and 1-alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in various forms of osteoporosis and osteomalacia].

Clinical investigations have shown that 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol (oxydevit, alphacalcidiol) and 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (rocaltrol) are act vitamin D3 agents producing a positive clinical effect in different types of osteoporosis and osteomalacia. Clinical improvement of the patients' status (alleviation of the pain syndrome, an increase in motor activity) was noted in 1-2 mos., an x-ray picture of regeneration of the bone structure of both axial and peripheral skeleton--in 6-12 mos. after the initiation of therapy. Therapy was attended by an increase in the serum content of total and ionized calcium, the return of alkaline phosphatase activity to normal, and a decrease in the level of parathormone. During prolonged therapy these agents administered at daily doses of 0.25-2 micrograms caused no pathological side-effects and hypercalcemia. In osteoporotic conditions all these drugs were equal in their clinical effectiveness. Rocaltrol has some advantages in the presence of associated liver pathology.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Phosphorus-calcium metabolism and calcium-regulating hormones in endogenous hypercorticism].

The authors presented the results of a study of the indices of phosphorocalcium homeostasis, metabolism of osseous tissue and calcium regulating hormones in 44 patients with Icenko-Cushing's syndrome with regard to severity of disease and expression of osteoporosis. It was shown that disturbances of phosphorocalcium homeostasis and an increase in the level of the parathyroid hormone were characteristic for the active stage of Icenko-Cushing's disease and were most noticeable in a severe course of disease accompanied by sharply marked osteoporosis. Hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, hypercalciuria, a decrease in phosphate maximum resorption and an increase in AP activity in the blood serum were revealed in this form of disease. Patients with the average gravity of disease and weakly pronounced osteoporosis were characterized by hypercalcemia and an increase in calcium intestinal absorption. Patients with the active stage of hypercorticism were characterized by hypermagnesemia. Secondary hyperparathyrosis was found in 25% of patients with the active stage of Icenko-Cushing's disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Chronic thyroiditis with hypothyroidism in patients with Addison's disease].

The authors describe two cases of Schmidt's syndrome (combined idiopathic Addison's disease and chronic autoimmune thyroiditis). In both cases, the damage to the thyroid gland occurred before adrenal pathology. In one case it was associated with overt hypothyrosis and in the other one with subclinical hypothyrosis. It is suggested that these diseases are caused by an autoimmune process, which is supported by demonstration in the blood of both patients of antibodies against thyroid and adrenal tissues.

Addison Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Digital bone densitometry].

Normal values of bone mineral composition were defined, based on examinations of 600 male and female volunteers of various age groups by digital roentgenodensitometry. The mineral compactness was found reduced in the patients with endocrine diseases, in subjects who participated in liquidation of the Chernobyl power plant accident aftereffects, and in those suffering from skeletal pains. The authors emphasize the value of digital roentgenodensitometry as a method for monitoring the efficacy of treatment of patients with endocrine diseases and chronic renal insufficiency.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Osteopenic syndrome in liquidators of the aftereffects of the accident at the Chernobyl power plant].

Bone system was examined in 112 liquidators; in 71 of these osseous tissue density was studied by osseous densitometer using bienergetic x-ray absorptiometry and in 45 x-ray examinations, analyses of biochemical and hormonal parameters were carried out. Spinal painful syndrome was detected in 61 to 82% of the examinees. For analysis of densitometric and x-ray parameters the liquidators were divided into 2 groups: group 1 included those who worked at the power plant in 1986 (55%) and group 2 were those who worked there in 1987-1989. Radiation doses in group 1 reliably surpassed those in group 2 (p < 0.001). Bone mineral density in the lumbar vertebrae was significantly lower in group 1 as against group 2 and lower in both groups vs. controls. More than 5% osseous mineral loss was revealed in 73% of group 1 liquidators and in 43% of group 2 ones. Analysis of spinal roentgenograms in 45 liquidators showed a high incidence of negligible and moderately expressed osteoporosis without compression fractures of vertebral bodies: osteopenia signs were found in 87% of group 1 examinees complaining of pain in the spine and in 73% of group 2 examinees; signs of osteochondrosis and spondylosis were detected in 40% of group 1 and in 47% of group 2 subjects. Hence, a higher incidence of osteopenia in liquidators, more manifest condition and its higher detection rate in subjects exposed to higher radiation doses indicate a certain contribution of radiation factor to the development of the osteopenia syndrome in liquidators.

Adult↗