Familial hypertriglyceridemia aggravated by diabetes and drugs.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
L Howard
Publications and source records attributed to L Howard.
The spectrum of neurologic disorder from vitamin E deficiency.
We describe nine patients with fat malabsorption in whom a spectrum of vitamin E deficiency was present. Early deficiency was generally asymptomatic, and intermediate deficiency produced some impairment. Ataxia, weakness, reflex changes, impaired vision, and pigment retinopathy were associated with chronic, advanced deficiency. In the last group, delayed central somatosensory conduction and amplitude reduction of the electroretinogram were present. In adults, a severe vitamin E deficiency state existed for more than 5 years before producing measurable neurologic damage. The clinical picture is less homogeneous than previously suggested, and electrophysiologic abnormalities need not predate clinical dysfunction.
Adult↗
Factors related to the treatment success of drug addicts enrolled in a residential rehabilitation facility.
Twenty-one young adult drug addicts stipulated to a residential treatment center and judged to have successfully completed the center's therapeutic program were compared with another group from the same center who had failed to successfully complete the program. The two groups were matched as closely as possible on sex, race, age at admission, and marital status, and they were compared, using a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), on the dimensions of family instability, criminal record, severity of drug use, prior treatment, educational level, self concept, and family self concept. Analysis revealed that two groups significantly differed as a function of the dependent measures, with educational level and prior treatment accounting for most of the difference.
Adolescent↗
The coincident time-space patterns of septate junction development in normal and exogastrulated sea urchin embryos.
Earlier studies have shown that two types of septate junction are formed during early sea urchin morphogenesis. One type is the straight, unbranched, double septum septate (SUDS) which is found in the ectodermal layer throughout early development. The second type is formed only in cells which invaginate to become endoderm and to form the digestive tract. This junction is characterized by pleated, anastomosing, single septum septates (PASS). In order to ascertain in which parts of the digestive tract these junctions are formed, we studied exogastrulae because the endoderm is everted and forms constricted areas of the gut which are easily recognizable. Our results show that, in control embryos, SUDS septates are found in the mouth, esophagus and coelom and that PASS septates are found in the stomach, intestine and anus. These junctional types are also found in the same areas in exogastrulae; SUDS septates are found in the stomadeum, esophagus and coelom, and PASS septates are found in the stomach and intestine. The transition from SUDS to PASS junctions takes place within the same time period in exogastrulae as in normal embryos, i.e., from the time of mid-gastrulation through the pluteus stage. These results indicate that septate junction formation in the sea urchin embryo digestive tract may be genetically programmed in terms of both time and spatial location. This program is not altered either by the major dislocation of cells from their normal position within the embryo or from normal contacts with neighboring cells.
Animals↗
Stimulus frequency and masking as determinants of P300 latency in event-related potentials from auditory stimuli.
The effects of target tone frequency, presence of a masking stimulus, and subject sex on the auditory ERP were studied with an 'oddball' paradigm. P300 latency became shorter (about 15 msec) as the difference between the standard (1000 Hz) and target tone frequency increased (1500, 2000, 4000 Hz) but became longer (about 10 msec) with the presence of a white noise masking stimulus. Similar results were obtained for both the P3a and P3b subcomponents of the P300 potential. No significant differences between the adult male and female subjects were observed. The role of stimulus parameters in applied testing situations is discussed.
Acoustic Stimulation↗
Biennial survey of physician clinical nutrition training programs.
A survey was conducted of 50 medical centers providing postgraduate clinical training in nutrition. Each program director completed a questionnaire that requested information on major program affiliations and interests, available positions, number of trainees, sources and level of funding, and general aspects of the curriculum. The results are assembled into a geographic listing of the 50 centers, and the tabulated data provides a current profile of postgraduate clinical training in nutrition.
Directories as Topic↗
Effects of age on the P300 component of the event-related potential from auditory stimuli: peak definition, variation, and measurement.
An auditory "oddball" paradigm was used to elicit the P300 component of the event-related brain potential (ERP) from a large sample of young (5 to 15 years) and older (20 to 86 years) persons. Distinct P3a and P3b subcomponents of the P300 were observed within individuals and across trial blocks. Age affected P300 latency in a similar fashion for both subcomponents with latency increasing about 65 msec between 20 and 70 years. P300 latency variability also was found to increase somewhat with advanced age. These results confirmed previous age-related ERP changes and extended them to the P3a and P3b subcomponents.
Acoustic Stimulation↗
Relationship of natural killer cytotoxicity to clinical and biochemical parameters of primary human breast cancer.
We have determined the natural killer (NK) activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from 121 women undergoing surgery for primary breast cancer. NK activity was measured using 51Cr-labeled K562 target cells and effector: target ratios of 100:1, 50:1 and 10:1. The patients' lymphocytes gave a wide range of values with a mean (+/- S.E.) cytotoxicity of 22.6% +/- 1.3, and a median of 20.9% at the 50:1 effector:target ratio. These results did not differ significantly from the mean and median NK levels obtained with the peripheral blood lymphocytes of normal blood donors (mean = 23.1% +/- 1.9, median = 18.8%). Mean NK activity determined at the first postsurgical examination (less than or equal to 6 months postoperative) was significantly lower than the mean NK activity at surgery. The most significant decreases were seen in patients undergoing chemotherapy prior to the first follow-up examination. Subsequent tests (greater than 6 mo, less than or equal to 12 mo) show a recovery of NK activity to preoperative levels. A negative correlation was seen between NK level and maximum tumor diameter. NK levels also varied with tumor histiotype. No association was seen between NK levels and either the number of involved lymph nodes, pathologic tumor grade, the presence of estrogen or progesterone receptor, or the age, menopausal status or smoking history of the patients. A positive correlation was seen, however, between NK levels and number of pregnancies and live births.
Adult↗
Immune response of owl monkeys to topical vaccination with irradiated Chlamydia trachomatis.
The conjunctivae of owl monkeys were topically vaccinated with purified Chlamydia trachomatis organisms that had been inactivated by 60Co irradiation and lyophilized onto an inert carrier. Vaccinated monkeys developed antibody in serum and tears, while control animals given a placebo had no detectable titers. When challenged 35 days after the start of administration of the vaccine, all monkeys showed evidence of infection. The vaccinated group had a longer course of disease and more ocular discharge than did controls. Antibody levels in both serum and tears were nearly 10-fold higher after infection in vaccinated animals than in controls.
Administration, Topical↗
Home parenteral nutrition (HPN).
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Adolescent↗
Studies of the origin of platelet-associated fibrinogen.
Platelet membranes and whole platelet preparations were examined by crossed immunoelectrophoresis in normal individuals, in a patient with congenital afibrinogenemia, and in two unrelated patients with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (types I and II) to study the origin of platelet-associated fibrinogen. Results indicate: (1) platelet and plasma fibrinogen are probably derived from the same gene product, (2) platelet fibrinogen is not derived from the surrounding plasma milieu, (3) under basal conditions, platelet fibrinogen is located only within the alpha-granules and not on the platelet surface, (4) addition of trypsin to fibrinogen uncovers either a neoantigen or a hidden pool of platelet fibrinogen in the alpha-granules, (5) platelets from two patients with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia contain near-normal quantities of fibrinogen.
Afibrinogenemia↗
The case of Baby Jane Doe.
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Congenital Abnormalities↗
Truncal vagotomy in hypothalamic obesity.
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Adolescent↗
Interrupted pregnancy as an indicator of poor prognosis in T1, 2, N0, M0 primary breast cancer.
We examined the records of women with primary breast cancer for a history of pregnancy and live births. The patients were all histopathologic T1, 2, N0, M0 white females, untreated post modified radical mastectomy. Patients with a history of interrupted pregnancies have a significantly shorter time to recurrence than those with normal pregnancy history. A trend toward a lower incidence of highly differentiated histological pattern is also observed in cancers from these patients.
Abortion, Spontaneous↗
Hypothermia in a patient with anorexia nervosa.
A young woman with anorexia nervosa had severe recurrent hypothermia. Initial evaluation revealed a thiamine deficiency. Administration of pharmacologic doses of thiamine improved voluntary food intake, and her temperature normalized. Following the restoration of body weight, withdrawal of supplemental thiamine produced a clinical relapse. After reinstitution of supplemental thiamine, the patient again became asymptomatic until she chose to consume a calorically-restricted diet. With progressive weight loss, hypothermia recurred and was unresponsive to thiamine therapy. Fortuitously, the patient's intake of sucrose was abruptly increased, and her body temperature normalized within seven days. The potential roles of thiamine and carbohydrate in thermoregulation are discussed.
Adult↗
Water soluble vitamin requirements in home parenteral nutrition patients.
Ascorbic acid, thiamin, niacin, pyridoxine, and folic acid status was evaluated in eight physiologically stable home parenteral nutrition patients. Six of these subjects received these vitamins as a twice weekly bolus and were studied over a period of 6 days. All vitamin levels were normal except for blood thiamin which was low, 72 h after each bolus. Since transketolase levels remained normal, this fall in blood thiamin probably had no functional significance. The urine excretion pattern of niacin and pyridoxine indicated normal metabolism and retention of these vitamins. Two patients, who required only parenteral fluid and electrolytes to remain weight stable, received none of these vitamins parenterally, but also maintained adequate vitamin status. These results suggest that in long term home parenteral nutrition patients these five vitamins can safely be given twice weekly, rather than daily, and that short bowel patients who maintain their weight without intravenous calories and protein also assimilate adequate amounts of these proximally absorbed water soluble vitamins from their diet.
Adult↗
The influence of dietary fat on jejunostomy output in patients with severe short bowel syndrome.
The effect of diet on jejunostomy output of fluid, fat, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, and copper was studied in five metabolically stable, home parenteral nutrition patients. Three isocaloric diets were compared; one low in fat (30% kcal) but high in complex carbohydrate (55% kcal), and two high in fat (60% kcal) but low in carbohydrate (25% kcal). The polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratios of the two high fat diets were 1:4 and 1:1. Although increasing the percentage of fat in the diet increased the amount of steatorrhea, altering the polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio had no clearly beneficial effect on the amount of fat absorbed. Neither the amount of fat, nor the type of fat, had any consistent influence on jejunostomy volume. The sodium and potassium concentration of the jejunostomy fluid stayed remarkably constant and hence net monovalent cation losses reflected jejunostomy volume rather than the fatcarbohydrate content of the diet eaten. The most consistent effect of the high fat diet was a marked increase in ostomy losses of divalent cations; calcium, magnesium, zinc, and copper. Most of the time a net divalent cation secretion on the high fat diet was converted into a net absorption on the low fat, high carbohydrate diet. Altering the polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio had no consistent effect on divalent cation losses. In conclusion, the proportion of fat versus carbohydrate calories does not appear to influence ostomy volume or monovalent cation loss in extreme short bowel, end jejunostomy patients; however, a high fat intake causes a significant net secretion of divalent cations.
Adult↗
A survey of physician clinical nutrition training programs in the United States.
This survey contacted 90 medical schools and 241 universities believed to offer physicians special training in human nutrition. Seventy-two of the medical schools described an existing (67/72) or planned (5/72) clinical fellowship program. In 40 of these 67 programs, nutrition was a major clinical and research focus (greater than 30% and up to 100% of trainees time) and in 27, the nutrition emphasis was definite but more modest (about 30% of time). Between 1976 and 1981, 470 physicians completed training from these programs. Fifty-two of the universities described graduate degree courses (PhD, MPH, MS) in human nutrition open to physicians. Between 1976 to 1981 24 of these schools had enrolled and graduated 152 physicians. The results are discussed in terms of the need for standardization of the content of training programs and a certification process, recognized by the American Board of Medical Specialties.
Certification↗