Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to L Hiripi.
The present study demonstrates that methionine enkephalin can inhibit the normal bursting activity pattern of the RPal or Br-type neuron and this inhibition can be blocked by prior treatment with naloxone, the selective opiate antagonist. The study demonstrates indirectly the presence of opiate-like receptors in Helix pomatia.
The study demonstrates that lanthanum at low levels (5 mM) can block the neuronal release of serotonin. In addition, the postlateral ciliated cell serotonergic receptor is not affected by this blockade at this particular concentration of lanthanum, but is affected at higher levels (10 mM).
The cilio-excitatory serotonergic innervation of lateral gill cilia of Mytilus edulis was studied in vivo. Peripheral serotonin release was dependent on the external calcium concentration. Serotonin release was inhibited by autodialyzing calcium from the tissue or by increasing the calcium concentration in the medium, as determined by measuring ciliary activity stroboscopically and by biochemical and radioassays of serotonin. Lithium also inhibited serotonin release when added to the external bathing medium. Concomitantly, altering calcium concentrations altered the degree of inhibition of serotonin release caused by lithium. The study demonstrates that the terminal release of the monoamine serotonin is a calcium-dependent mechanism. The pharmacological effects of lithium in this system appear to be interrelated with the calcium-dependent releasing mechanism.
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Proctolin at concentrations 10(-8)-10(-7) M elevated by 40% brain adenylate cyclase activity of adult Locusta migratoria migratoriodes R.F. In moulting individuals, proctolin caused a decrease in brain adenylate cyclase activity, and it proved to be ineffective in the larvae. Proctolin caused only a slight decrease on guanylate cyclase activity of the brain at every developmental stage.
The present study demonstrates that the potent opiate antagonist, naloxone can selectively block the DA induced inhibition of the bursting activity pattern of the RPal or Br-type neuron. The dopamine inhibitory affect can also be blocked by haloperidol, a established dopamine receptor blocker.
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In the central nervous system of the mussel (Anodonta cygnea) 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) causes a significant and prolonged decrease in the dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA) concentration. The decrease of serotonin (5HT) level did not exceed 25 per cent and was observed only on the 2nd and 3rd day after the treatment. Parallel with the alteration of the monoamine level, there is a marked change in the activity of the animals. Two phases of the effect of 6-OHDA can be distinguished. During the first phase, not only the catecholaminergic but, presumably, also the serotoninergic system is injured. The long-lasting effect of the 6-OHDA administration is reflected in the predominance of the active periods and in the absence of rest periods of the animal.
Ultrastructural effects of 6-hydroxydopamine and 5, 6-dihydroxytryptamine treatments were investigated in the central nervous system of fresh-water mussel. Two days after the treatments, the following characteristic find-structural alterations could be observed in the neuropil of the ganglia: frequent occurrence of multilamellar bodies, lysosomatic structures and elongated tubular forms; shrinking of varicose axon profiles with an enchancement of the density of the axoplasm and clumping of its content; abnormal swelling of certain axons in the neuropil. This degenerative process was accompanied by an intense phagocytosis. The damages evoked by the employed "false transmitters" in the mussel ganglia were, in general, similar to those found in vertebrates. Statistical analysis of the vesicle population of ganglia suggests the intragranular uptake of 6-hydroxydopamine and 5, 6-dihydroxytryptamine and, in addition, the role of dense-core vesicles of different types in the storage of both serotonin and catecholamines. Perikarya composing the cortical layer of the ganglia were not affected by the "false transmitters". This shows that different parts of a mussel neuron are differently sensitive to 6-hydroxydopamine and 5, 6-dihydroxytryptamine.
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An insect test was developed to investigate the toxicity of cyanobacteria. The African locust, Locusta migratoria migratorioides R.F. was used as a test animal instead of mouse. The cyanobacteria tested were Aphanizomenon flos-aque, Anabaena aphanizomenoides, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Microcystis aeruginosa. The toxicity of authentic microcystin-LR was also tested. Cyanobacteria producing toxins killed the animals when the homogenized cell suspension was injected into the animals. The locust test proved to be more sensitive than the mouse test. The LD50 values of the different cyanobacteria for locusts and for mice, respectively were the following: 90 microg/animal (60 mg/kg) and 8000 microg/animal (320 mg/kg), for Aphanizomenon flos-aquae; 255 microg/animal (170.2 mg/kg) and 3750 microg/animal (150 mg/kg), for Anabaena aphanizomenoides; 195 microg/animal (131.4 mg/kg) and 5750 microg/animal (230 mg/kg), for Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii; 22.5 microg/animal (15 mg/kg) and 6000 microg/ animal (240 mg/kg), for Microcystis aeruginosa. In locusts the LD50 value for authentic microcystin-LR was 0.2 microg/animal (130 mg/kg). Since the weight of the mice is 15 to 20 times larger than that of the locusts, hence less toxic cells are needed to kill the locusts. The locust test is cheaper than the mouse test, large number of animals can be used in the experiments and the LD50 values can be estimated more precisely. The toxicity of C. raciborskii was significantly lower when the lyophilized cells were extracted in methanol (LD50 = 767 mg/kg), instead of NaCl solution (LD50 = 131.4 mg/kg).