Pediatric metatarsus adductus angle.
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Female↗
Biomedical subjects
L Hillman
Publications and source records attributed to L Hillman.
Differing effects of pectin, cellulose and lignin on stool pH, transit time and weight.
Randomized cross-over studies were undertaken to determine the effects of daily dietary supplements of pectin (12 g/d), cellulose (15 g/d) and lignin (12 g/d) on stool characteristics of healthy volunteers. Detailed dietary records were kept throughout the study. Stool collections over 48 h were used to determine mean stool pH and weight. The single stool transit time was measured using radio-opaque markers. Pectin did not significantly alter the mean stool pH, transit time or 24 h wet weight. Cellulose lowered the mean stool pH from 6.38 to 6.12, decreased mean stool transit time by 27% and increased mean wet stool weight by 57%. Lignin lowered the mean pH from 6.34 to 6.25, decreased the stool transit time by 20% and increased stool weight by 27% but these changes were not statistically significant. These findings have shown that individual fibre components have different colonic metabolic effects and support the view that associations between dietary fibre intakes and diseases such as colorectal cancer should be evaluated with regard to the type of fibre components consumed.
Adult↗
The role of endoscopy in upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
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Endoscopy↗
Control of mineral homeostasis during lactation: interrelationships of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, prolactin, and estradiol.
To further define control of mineral homeostasis during lactation, 28 lactating (L) and 20 nonlactating (NL) women were studied at 6 weeks post partum. Serum and urine calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus were normal and the same in both groups. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) was the same (L, 18.6 +/- 4.8; NL, 17.0 +/- 5 ng/ml) in spite of a twofold higher intake of vitamin D in the lactating group. The serum fractions containing 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25(OH)2D) were lower than in nonpregnant adults in both groups but significantly lower (P less than 0.05) in lactating than in nonlactating women (L, 1.67 +/- 1.7; NL, 2.46 +/- 1.3 ng/ml). 1,25-Hydroxyvitamin D (1,25-(OH)2D) was normal in both groups (L, 25.8 +/- 8.6, NL, 31.8 +/- 8.1 pg/ml). Parathyroid hormone (PTH) was normal in both groups (L, 5.6 +/- 2.0; NL, 7.2 +/- 1.9 microliters Eq/ml), and calcitonin (HCT) was equally detectable. As expected, prolactin was higher in the lactating group (L, 46 +/- 36; NL, 14.3 +/- 14.9 ng/ml). Serum prolactin levels had no correlation with serum 1,25(OH)2D. Estradiol was significantly (P less than 0.02) lower in lactating women (L, 78 +/- 23; NL, 105 +/- 28 pg/ml). One could speculate that the lower levels of estradiol in the presence of low 24,25(OH)2D and normal HCT allow bone resorption to occur at a rate adequate to supply the mineral needs of lactation without elevations of either PTH or 1,25(OH)2D.
24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3↗
Human serum binding capacity and affinity for 25-hydroxyergocalciferol and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol.
25-Hydroxyvitamin D-binding capacity and affinity were studied in human cord, adult, and maternal sera, and in sera from women receiving oral contraceptives, by in vitro satuaration analyses employing dextran-coated charcoal to adsorb unbound sterol. 25-Hydroxyergocalciferol and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol were equipotent in their ability to displace 3H 25-hydroxycholecalciferol from human serum binding sites. At 0C, the apparent dissociation constant for the serum binding of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol was low (Kd=8x 10-10M). Cord and adult sera had a similar 25-hydroxycholecalciferol binding capacity (1.8 x 10-6M), but the binding capacity of maternal sera and the sera from women receiving oral contraceptives was significantly higher. At physiological serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (5 x 10-8M), only 2-3% of human serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D-bindig sites are occupied.
Adult↗
Apolipoproteins in human pregnancy.
Apolipoproteins are important in the structure and metabolism of lipoproteins, and alterations in levels of apoproteins or in their interrelations occur in some forms of hyperlipemia. Pregnancy is regularly accompanied by hyperlipoproteinemia, but while data on lipoprotein lipids is available, the apopipoproteins have not been studied. To characterize the lipemia of pregnancy more completely, we studied some of the apolipoproteins in plasmas of pregnancy women. Thirty-eight normal fasting women were studied between the 18th and 39th weeks of gestation and again 23 plus or minus 17 weeks after delivery. Eight additional women were sampled every 4-6 wk during the second and third trimesters of gestation. Plasma and lipoprotein lipids were assayed by standard procedures and Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) was measured by radioimmunoassay. The interrelations of Apolipoprotein A (ApoA) in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and of Apolipoprotein C (ApoC) in very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) were assessed by disc gel electrophoresis in four women during the last trimester of gestation and again 6-8 mo post partum and in four nongravid controls. Gestational triglycerides (TG) and cholesterol (Chol) were elevated in 95% of the pregnant women. TG in lipoproteins rose progressively during gestation, with VLDL-TG rising the most. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and HDL became enriched by TG relative to other components. Total-and VLDL-ApoB increased, while LDL-ApoB remained unchanged, resulting in a change in the density distribution of ApoB. (VLDL-ApoB X 100/total ApoB rose from 3.6% to 6.7%, P less than 0.02.) The accumulation of TG-rich LDL and the increases of VLDL-ApoB may be the result of changes in the rates of secretion or intravascular catabolism of VLDL. Which process is altered remains to be determined. The relative amounts of ApoC-II and ApoC-III in VLDL and the ApoA-I/ApoA-II ratios in HDL were unchanged in pregnancy. These results differ from those seen following high-carbohydrate diets.
Adult↗
Kanamycin and gentamicin treatment of neonatal sepsis and meningitis.
Mortality from neonatal meningitis due to gram-negative microorganisms remains 50% despite use of aminoglycoside antibiotics. Blood was obtained on 238 occasions from 77 neonates with putative or documented sepsis; paired blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were obtained on 14 occasions from ten neonates with meningitis. Kanamycin and gentamicin were measured by a radioisotopic assay procedure. Kanamycin was administered at 15 mg/kg/day in three divided doses intravenously; serum concentrations peaked at one hour (mean, 7.77mug/ml). Gentamicin was administered at 7.5 mg/kg/day in three divided doses intravenously; serum concentrations peaked at two hours (mean, 5.34mug/ml). Both aminoglycosides generally were nondetectable within the CSF; survival of neonates with gram-negative meningitis correlated specifically with the sensitivity of their isolates to ampicillin which was administered concurrently. This study suggests that alternative approaches to the treatment of neonatal sepsis should be explored; administration of an antibiotic which crosses the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier more readily should be considered.
Aminoglycosides↗